refactor: 前端性能优化 — 倒计时组件隔离、React memoization 链路

- 新建 RefreshCountdown 组件，内部持有 timer，消除 App 每秒重渲染
- TargetBoard 分组逻辑 useMemo 化，避免 targets 引用不变时重复计算
- TargetGroup 加 React.memo，阻断无效渲染
- TrendChart 加 React.memo + chartData useMemo，避免 recharts 不必要重绘
- OverviewTab 统计项去掉 Card 包裹，改用纯 CSS 实现视觉效果
- 同步更新 refresh-control 和 target-detail-drawer spec

性能提升：消除每秒全组件树重渲染，减少 DOM 节点数

openspec/specs/refresh-control/spec.md

@@ -20,7 +20,15 @@ HeadMenu operations 区域 SHALL 提供 RadioGroup 组件供用户选择刷新
 - **THEN** 系统 SHALL 立即触发一次数据刷新，然后应用新的刷新间隔
 
 ### Requirement: 倒计时显示
-RadioGroup 右侧 SHALL 显示距下次自动刷新的倒计时文本。
+RadioGroup 右侧 SHALL 显示距下次自动刷新的倒计时文本。倒计时逻辑 SHALL 封装在独立的 `RefreshCountdown` 组件中，App 组件 SHALL NOT 持有每秒更新的 `now` state。
+
+#### Scenario: RefreshCountdown 组件封装
+- **WHEN** Dashboard 页面渲染
+- **THEN** 倒计时显示 SHALL 由独立的 `RefreshCountdown` 组件负责，该组件内部持有 `now` state 和每秒 `setInterval`，渲染边界限制在该组件内部
+
+#### Scenario: RefreshCountdown props
+- **WHEN** RefreshCountdown 组件渲染
+- **THEN** 组件 SHALL 接收 `dashboardUpdatedAt: number`、`refreshInterval: number`、`isFetching: boolean`、`isManualRefresh: boolean`、`onRefresh: () => void` 作为 props
 
 #### Scenario: 短时间格式
 - **WHEN** 距下次刷新剩余时间小于 60 秒
@@ -38,6 +46,17 @@ RadioGroup 右侧 SHALL 显示距下次自动刷新的倒计时文本。
 - **WHEN** 数据正在刷新（isFetching=true 且 isLoading=false）
 - **THEN** 倒计时文本 SHALL 显示为"刷新中..."
 
+### Requirement: App 组件渲染隔离
+App 组件 SHALL NOT 持有任何高频更新的 state（如每秒更新的时钟），确保 App 的重渲染频率与数据刷新频率一致（默认 30 秒一次）。
+
+#### Scenario: App 无 now state
+- **WHEN** App 组件渲染
+- **THEN** App SHALL NOT 包含 `useState` 管理的时钟 state，也 SHALL NOT 包含每秒触发的 `setInterval`
+
+#### Scenario: App 重渲染频率
+- **WHEN** Dashboard 处于自动刷新模式
+- **THEN** App 组件的重渲染 SHALL 仅由 TanStack Query 的 refetch 触发（频率等于用户选择的刷新间隔），而非每秒触发
+
 ### Requirement: 手动刷新按钮
 选择"手动"模式时，倒计时区域 SHALL 替换为刷新按钮。
 

openspec/specs/target-detail-drawer/spec.md

@@ -72,6 +72,36 @@ TrendChart 组件 SHALL 仅接收数据 props，不处理 loading 状态。
 - **WHEN** TrendChart 接收空数组
 - **THEN** 组件 SHALL 显示"暂无趋势数据"占位文本
 
+#### Scenario: TrendChart memo 包裹
+- **WHEN** TrendChart 的父组件重渲染但 data prop 引用未变
+- **THEN** TrendChart SHALL 跳过重渲染（通过 React.memo shallow compare）
+
+#### Scenario: chartData useMemo
+- **WHEN** TrendChart 渲染
+- **THEN** 内部 `chartData` 转换结果 SHALL 通过 `useMemo` 缓存，依赖为 `[data]`，data 引用不变时不重新计算
+
+### Requirement: TargetBoard 分组 memoize
+TargetBoard 组件的分组计算 SHALL 使用 useMemo 缓存，避免 targets 引用不变时重复计算分组。
+
+#### Scenario: 分组结果 useMemo
+- **WHEN** TargetBoard 渲染
+- **THEN** 分组逻辑（Map 构建 + sort）SHALL 通过 `useMemo` 缓存，依赖为 `[targets]`
+
+#### Scenario: targets 引用不变时跳过分组
+- **WHEN** TargetBoard 因父组件重渲染而重渲染，但 targets prop 引用未变
+- **THEN** 分组计算 SHALL 返回缓存结果，不重新执行 Map 构建和排序
+
+### Requirement: TargetGroup 渲染优化
+TargetGroup 组件 SHALL 使用 React.memo 包裹，在 props 引用不变时跳过重渲染。
+
+#### Scenario: TargetGroup memo 包裹
+- **WHEN** TargetBoard 重渲染但某个分组的 targets 数组引用未变
+- **THEN** 对应的 TargetGroup SHALL 跳过重渲染（通过 React.memo shallow compare）
+
+#### Scenario: TargetGroup props 稳定性
+- **WHEN** TargetGroup 渲染
+- **THEN** 其 props（columns、name、targets、onTargetClick）SHALL 全部具有引用稳定性：columns 通过 useMemo、name 为 string 原始值、targets 通过分组 useMemo、onTargetClick 通过 useCallback
+
 ### Requirement: StatusBar 参数化
 StatusBar 组件 SHALL 支持可配置的格数。
 
@@ -189,7 +219,7 @@ Drawer 内部 SHALL 使用 TDesign Tabs 组织概览和记录两个面板。Tabs
 
 #### Scenario: 统计区左右布局卡片
 - **WHEN** 概览面板渲染且有统计数据
-- **THEN** 面板 SHALL 在"统计"区域使用 4 列 × 2 行的 Row/Col 布局，每个统计项使用 Card 包裹，Card 内标题左对齐、数值右对齐，数值使用普通文本字号
+- **THEN** 面板 SHALL 在"统计"区域使用 4 列 × 2 行的 Row/Col 布局，每个统计项使用 `<div className="overview-stat-card">` 包裹，通过 CSS 类实现背景色和内边距视觉效果
 
 #### Scenario: 统计区内容
 - **WHEN** 概览面板渲染

src/web/app.tsx

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
 import type { SkeletonProps } from "tdesign-react";
 
-import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { useState } from "react";
-import { RefreshIcon } from "tdesign-icons-react";
+import { Alert, Layout, Menu, RadioGroup, Skeleton } from "tdesign-react";
-import { Alert, Button, Layout, Menu, RadioGroup, Skeleton, Typography } from "tdesign-react";
 
+import { RefreshCountdown } from "./components/RefreshCountdown";
 import { SummaryCards } from "./components/SummaryCards";
 import { TargetBoard } from "./components/TargetBoard";
 import { TargetDetailDrawer } from "./components/TargetDetailDrawer";
 import { useDashboard } from "./hooks/use-queries";
 import { useTargetDetail } from "./hooks/use-target-detail";
-import { formatCountdown } from "./utils/time";
 
 const { Content, Header } = Layout;
 const DEFAULT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS = 30000;
@@ -27,7 +26,6 @@ const REFRESH_OPTIONS = [
 ] as const;
 
 export function App() {
-  const [now, setNow] = useState(() => new Date());
   const [refreshInterval, setRefreshInterval] = useState(DEFAULT_REFRESH_INTERVAL_MS);
   const dashboardRefetchInterval = refreshInterval === 0 ? false : refreshInterval;
   const {
@@ -54,27 +52,12 @@ export function App() {
     timeTo,
   } = useTargetDetail();
   const isManualRefresh = refreshInterval === 0;
-  const nextRefreshSeconds =
-    dashboardUpdatedAt > 0 && !isManualRefresh
-      ? Math.max(0, Math.ceil((dashboardUpdatedAt + refreshInterval - now.getTime()) / 1000))
-      : null;
-  const refreshText =
-    dashboardUpdatedAt > 0
-      ? dashboardFetching && !dashboardLoading
-        ? "刷新中..."
-        : formatCountdown(nextRefreshSeconds ?? 0)
-      : "等待首次刷新";
 
   const handleIntervalChange = (value: number) => {
     void refetchDashboard();
     setRefreshInterval(value);
   };
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    const timer = window.setInterval(() => setNow(new Date()), 1000);
-    return () => window.clearInterval(timer);
-  }, []);
-
   return (
     <Layout className="dashboard">
       <Header>
@@ -95,19 +78,13 @@ export function App() {
                 variant="default-filled"
               />
               <span className="dashboard-countdown">
-                {isManualRefresh ? (
+                <RefreshCountdown
-                  <Button
+                  dashboardUpdatedAt={dashboardUpdatedAt}
-                    aria-label="刷新 Dashboard"
+                  isFetching={dashboardFetching && !dashboardLoading}
-                    disabled={dashboardFetching}
+                  isManualRefresh={isManualRefresh}
-                    icon={<RefreshIcon />}
+                  onRefresh={() => void refetchDashboard()}
-                    loading={dashboardFetching}
+                  refreshInterval={refreshInterval}
-                    onClick={() => void refetchDashboard()}
+                />
-                    shape="circle"
-                    variant="outline"
-                  />
-                ) : (
-                  <Typography.Text theme="secondary">{refreshText}</Typography.Text>
-                )}
               </span>
             </div>
           }

src/web/components/OverviewTab.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import type { ReactNode } from "react";
 
-import { Card, Col, Descriptions, Divider, Row, Skeleton, Space, Statistic, Typography } from "tdesign-react";
+import { Col, Descriptions, Divider, Row, Skeleton, Space, Statistic, Typography } from "tdesign-react";
 
 import type { TargetMetricsResponse, TargetStatus } from "../../shared/api";
 
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ export function OverviewTab({ metricsData, metricsLoading, target }: OverviewTab
 
 function OverviewStatItem({ color, suffix, title, value }: OverviewStatItemProps) {
   return (
-    <Card bordered={false} className="overview-stat-card" size="small">
+    <div className="overview-stat-card">
       <div className="overview-stat-item">
         <Typography.Text theme="secondary">{title}</Typography.Text>
         <Statistic className="overview-stat-value" color={color} suffix={suffix} value={value} />
       </div>
-    </Card>
+    </div>
   );
 }

src/web/components/RefreshCountdown.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
+import { RefreshIcon } from "tdesign-icons-react";
+import { Button, Typography } from "tdesign-react";
+
+import { formatCountdown } from "../utils/time";
+
+interface RefreshCountdownProps {
+  dashboardUpdatedAt: number;
+  isFetching: boolean;
+  isManualRefresh: boolean;
+  onRefresh: () => void;
+  refreshInterval: number;
+}
+
+export function RefreshCountdown({
+  dashboardUpdatedAt,
+  isFetching,
+  isManualRefresh,
+  onRefresh,
+  refreshInterval,
+}: RefreshCountdownProps) {
+  const [now, setNow] = useState(() => new Date());
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const timer = window.setInterval(() => setNow(new Date()), 1000);
+    return () => window.clearInterval(timer);
+  }, []);
+
+  const nextRefreshSeconds =
+    dashboardUpdatedAt > 0 && !isManualRefresh
+      ? Math.max(0, Math.ceil((dashboardUpdatedAt + refreshInterval - now.getTime()) / 1000))
+      : null;
+
+  if (isManualRefresh) {
+    return (
+      <Button
+        aria-label="刷新 Dashboard"
+        disabled={isFetching}
+        icon={<RefreshIcon />}
+        loading={isFetching}
+        onClick={() => void onRefresh()}
+        shape="circle"
+        variant="outline"
+      />
+    );
+  }
+
+  const refreshText =
+    dashboardUpdatedAt > 0 ? (isFetching ? "刷新中..." : formatCountdown(nextRefreshSeconds ?? 0)) : "等待首次刷新";
+
+  return <Typography.Text theme="secondary">{refreshText}</Typography.Text>;
+}

src/web/components/TargetBoard.tsx

@@ -19,21 +19,22 @@ export function TargetBoard({ onTargetClick, targets }: TargetBoardProps) {
   const checkerTypes = meta?.checkerTypes ?? EMPTY_CHECKER_TYPES;
   const columns = useMemo(() => createTargetTableColumns(checkerTypes), [checkerTypes]);
 
-  const groups = new Map<string, TargetStatus[]>();
+  const sortedGroups = useMemo(() => {
-  for (const target of targets) {
+    const groups = new Map<string, TargetStatus[]>();
-    const group = target.group;
+    for (const target of targets) {
-    const list = groups.get(group);
+      const group = target.group;
-    if (list) {
+      const list = groups.get(group);
-      list.push(target);
+      if (list) {
-    } else {
+        list.push(target);
-      groups.set(group, [target]);
+      } else {
+        groups.set(group, [target]);
+      }
     }
-  }
+    return Array.from(groups.entries()).sort(([a]) => {
-
+      if (a === "default") return -1;
-  const sortedGroups = Array.from(groups.entries()).sort(([a]) => {
+      return 0;
-    if (a === "default") return -1;
+    });
-    return 0;
+  }, [targets]);
-  });
 
   return (
     <Space className="full-width" direction="vertical" size={24}>

src/web/components/TargetGroup.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import type { PrimaryTableCol } from "tdesign-react";
 
+import { memo } from "react";
 import { Card, PrimaryTable, Space, Tag } from "tdesign-react";
 
 import type { TargetStatus } from "../../shared/api";
@@ -11,7 +12,7 @@ interface TargetGroupProps {
   targets: TargetStatus[];
 }
 
-export function TargetGroup({ columns, name, onTargetClick, targets }: TargetGroupProps) {
+export const TargetGroup = memo(function TargetGroup({ columns, name, onTargetClick, targets }: TargetGroupProps) {
   const up = targets.filter((t) => t.latestCheck?.matched).length;
   const down = targets.length - up;
   const displayName = name === "default" ? "默认分组" : name;
@@ -48,4 +49,4 @@ export function TargetGroup({ columns, name, onTargetClick, targets }: TargetGro
       />
     </Card>
   );
-}
+});

src/web/components/TrendChart.tsx

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { memo, useMemo } from "react";
 import { Area, CartesianGrid, Line, LineChart, ResponsiveContainer, Tooltip, XAxis, YAxis } from "recharts";
 
 import type { TrendPoint } from "../../shared/api";
@@ -12,18 +13,24 @@ interface TrendChartProps {
   data: TrendPoint[];
 }
 
-export function TrendChart({ data }: TrendChartProps) {
+export const TrendChart = memo(function TrendChart({ data }: TrendChartProps) {
+  const chartData = useMemo(
+    () =>
+      data.map((point) => ({
+        ...point,
+        durationRange:
+          point.minDurationMs !== null && point.maxDurationMs !== null
+            ? [point.minDurationMs, point.maxDurationMs]
+            : null,
+        label: formatBucketLabel(point.bucketStart),
+      })),
+    [data],
+  );
+
   if (data.length === 0) {
     return <div className="trend-empty">暂无趋势数据</div>;
   }
 
-  const chartData = data.map((point) => ({
-    ...point,
-    durationRange:
-      point.minDurationMs !== null && point.maxDurationMs !== null ? [point.minDurationMs, point.maxDurationMs] : null,
-    label: formatBucketLabel(point.bucketStart),
-  }));
-
   return (
     <div className="trend-chart">
       <ResponsiveContainer height={240} width="100%">
@@ -69,7 +76,7 @@ export function TrendChart({ data }: TrendChartProps) {
       </ResponsiveContainer>
     </div>
   );
-}
+});
 
 function formatBucketLabel(bucketStart: string): string {
   return new Date(bucketStart).toLocaleTimeString("zh-CN", { hour: "2-digit", hour12: false, minute: "2-digit" });

src/web/styles.css

@@ -172,6 +172,8 @@
 
 .overview-stat-card {
   background: var(--td-bg-color-container-hover);
+  border-radius: var(--td-radius-default);
+  padding: var(--td-comp-paddingTB-xl) var(--td-comp-paddingLR-xl);
 }
 
 .overview-stat-item {