diff --git a/src/core/config.ts b/src/core/config.ts
index e4d3a00..504e96c 100644
--- a/src/core/config.ts
+++ b/src/core/config.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { readFile } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { join, dirname } from "node:path";
 import { parse as parseYaml } from "yaml";
 import { defaultConfig } from "../defaults/config.ts";
+import { ConfigError } from "../cli/errors.ts";
 import type { RuneConfig } from "../types.ts";
 import { RUNE_DIR, CONFIG_FILE, CHANGES_DIR, ARCHIVE_DIR } from "../types.ts";
 
@@ -22,12 +23,68 @@ export function findProjectRoot(
 
 export async function loadConfig(projectRoot: string): Promise<RuneConfig> {
   const configPath = join(projectRoot, RUNE_DIR, CONFIG_FILE);
+  let merged: RuneConfig;
   try {
     const content = await readFile(configPath, "utf-8");
     const userConfig = parseYaml(content) as Partial<RuneConfig> | null;
-    return mergeConfig(userConfig ?? {});
+    merged = mergeConfig(userConfig ?? {});
   } catch {
-    return mergeConfig({});
+    merged = mergeConfig({});
+  }
+  validateConfig(merged);
+  return merged;
+}
+
+export function validateConfig(config: RuneConfig): void {
+  const plan = config.stages.plan;
+  if (!plan) return;
+
+  const docNames = new Set(plan.documents.map((d) => d.name));
+
+  for (const doc of plan.documents) {
+    if (!doc.depend || doc.depend.length === 0) continue;
+
+    for (const dep of doc.depend) {
+      if (dep === doc.name) {
+        throw new ConfigError(`文档 "${doc.name}" 不能依赖自身`);
+      }
+      if (!docNames.has(dep)) {
+        throw new ConfigError(
+          `文档 "${doc.name}" 依赖 "${dep}" 不存在于 plan.documents 中`,
+        );
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  const visited = new Set<string>();
+  const path: string[] = [];
+
+  function hasCycle(name: string): boolean {
+    if (path.includes(name)) {
+      path.push(name);
+      return true;
+    }
+    if (visited.has(name)) return false;
+    visited.add(name);
+    path.push(name);
+
+    const doc = plan!.documents.find((d) => d.name === name);
+    if (doc?.depend) {
+      for (const dep of doc.depend) {
+        if (hasCycle(dep)) return true;
+      }
+    }
+    path.pop();
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  for (const doc of plan.documents) {
+    path.length = 0;
+    if (hasCycle(doc.name)) {
+      throw new ConfigError(
+        `文档间存在循环依赖：${path.join(" → ")}`,
+      );
+    }
   }
 }
 
diff --git a/tests/core/config.test.ts b/tests/core/config.test.ts
index 7d719c3..1f9f379 100644
--- a/tests/core/config.test.ts
+++ b/tests/core/config.test.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach, afterEach } from "bun:test";
 import { mkdir, writeFile, rm } from "node:fs/promises";
 import { join } from "node:path";
-import { loadConfig, findProjectRoot, getRuneDir } from "../../src/core/config.ts";
+import { loadConfig, findProjectRoot, getRuneDir, validateConfig } from "../../src/core/config.ts";
+import { ConfigError } from "../../src/cli/errors.ts";
+import type { RuneConfig } from "../../src/types.ts";
 
 const TMP_DIR = join(import.meta.dir, "__tmp_config_test__");
 
@@ -103,3 +105,77 @@ describe("getRuneDir", () => {
     expect(getRuneDir("/project")).toBe(join("/project", ".rune"));
   });
 });
+
+describe("validateConfig", () => {
+  it("正常配置不抛错", () => {
+    const config: RuneConfig = {
+      stages: {
+        plan: {
+          documents: [
+            { name: "design", prompt: "生成设计" },
+            { name: "task", prompt: "生成任务", depend: ["design"] },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    expect(() => validateConfig(config)).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it("depend 引用不存在的文档时报错", () => {
+    const config: RuneConfig = {
+      stages: {
+        plan: {
+          documents: [
+            { name: "task", prompt: "生成任务", depend: ["nonexistent"] },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    expect(() => validateConfig(config)).toThrow(ConfigError);
+  });
+
+  it("自依赖报错", () => {
+    const config: RuneConfig = {
+      stages: {
+        plan: {
+          documents: [
+            { name: "design", prompt: "生成设计", depend: ["design"] },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    expect(() => validateConfig(config)).toThrow(ConfigError);
+  });
+
+  it("循环依赖报错", () => {
+    const config: RuneConfig = {
+      stages: {
+        plan: {
+          documents: [
+            { name: "a", prompt: "a", depend: ["b"] },
+            { name: "b", prompt: "b", depend: ["a"] },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    expect(() => validateConfig(config)).toThrow(ConfigError);
+  });
+
+  it("无 plan 阶段时不报错", () => {
+    const config: RuneConfig = { stages: {} };
+    expect(() => validateConfig(config)).not.toThrow();
+  });
+
+  it("depend 为空数组时不报错", () => {
+    const config: RuneConfig = {
+      stages: {
+        plan: {
+          documents: [
+            { name: "design", prompt: "生成设计", depend: [] },
+          ],
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    expect(() => validateConfig(config)).not.toThrow();
+  });
+});