{ "cells": [ { "metadata": { "ExecuteTime": { "end_time": "2025-02-16T08:09:25.176397Z", "start_time": "2025-02-16T08:09:25.125996Z" } }, "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "import backtrader as bt\n", "import pandas as pd\n", "\n", "source_df = \\\n", " pd.read_csv(\"C:\\\\Users\\\\lanyuanxiaoyao\\\\SynologyDrive\\\\data\\\\Tushare\\\\日线行情 1990-2024\\\\分组行情\\\\000001.SZ.csv\") \\\n", " [[\"trade_date\", \"vol\", \"open_qfq\", \"close_qfq\", \"high_qfq\", \"low_qfq\", \"macd\", \"macd_dif\", \"macd_dea\"]]\n", "# source_df = pd.read_csv(\"/Users/lanyuanxiaoyao/SynologyDrive/data/Tushare/日线行情 1990-2024/分组行情/600519.SH.csv\") \\\n", "df = pd.DataFrame()\n", "df[[\"date\", \"volume\", \"open\", \"close\", \"high\", \"low\", \"macd\", \"macd_dif\", \"macd_dea\"]] = \\\n", " source_df[[\"trade_date\", \"vol\", \"open_qfq\", \"close_qfq\", \"high_qfq\", \"low_qfq\", \"macd\", \"macd_dif\", \"macd_dea\"]]\n", "df[\"datetime\"] = pd.to_datetime(df[\"date\"], format=\"%Y%m%d\")\n", "df[\"datetime_text\"] = df[\"datetime\"].apply(lambda x: x.strftime(\"%Y%m%d\"))\n", "df = df[df[\"datetime\"].dt.year > 2023]\n", "df.sort_values(by='datetime', inplace=True)\n", "df.set_index('datetime', inplace=True)\n", "df" ], "id": "157a87ab33037c6e", "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ " date volume open close high low \\\n", "datetime \n", "2024-01-02 20240102 1158366.45 8.57646 8.41205 8.60386 8.41205 \n", "2024-01-03 20240103 733610.31 8.39379 8.40292 8.42119 8.35725 \n", "2024-01-04 20240104 864193.99 8.39379 8.32072 8.39379 8.29332 \n", "2024-01-05 20240105 1991622.16 8.31158 8.46686 8.62213 8.28418 \n", "2024-01-08 20240108 1121156.19 8.43032 8.35725 8.49426 8.32072 \n", "... ... ... ... ... ... ... \n", "2024-12-25 20241225 1475282.94 11.86000 11.92000 12.02000 11.84000 \n", "2024-12-26 20241226 1000074.70 11.92000 11.86000 11.93000 11.78000 \n", "2024-12-27 20241227 1290012.28 11.87000 11.83000 11.90000 11.66000 \n", "2024-12-30 20241230 1351846.36 11.78000 11.95000 11.97000 11.78000 \n", "2024-12-31 20241231 1475367.33 11.93000 11.70000 11.99000 11.70000 \n", "\n", " macd macd_dif macd_dea datetime_text \n", "datetime \n", "2024-01-02 0.107 -0.162 -0.216 20240102 \n", "2024-01-03 0.098 -0.155 -0.203 20240103 \n", "2024-01-04 0.080 -0.153 -0.193 20240104 \n", "2024-01-05 0.087 -0.139 -0.183 20240105 \n", "2024-01-08 0.076 -0.135 -0.173 20240108 \n", "... ... ... ... ... \n", "2024-12-25 0.050 0.080 0.055 20241225 \n", "2024-12-26 0.051 0.087 0.062 20241226 \n", "2024-12-27 0.044 0.089 0.067 20241227 \n", "2024-12-30 0.052 0.100 0.074 20241230 \n", "2024-12-31 0.020 0.086 0.076 20241231 \n", "\n", "[242 rows x 10 columns]" ], "text/html": [ "
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" ] }, "execution_count": 158, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "execution_count": 158 }, { "metadata": { "ExecuteTime": { "end_time": "2025-02-16T08:09:25.209704Z", "start_time": "2025-02-16T08:09:25.199080Z" } }, "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "import talib\n", "\n", "# 指标计算\n", "close_prices = df['close'].values\n", "\n", "# 计算MACD\n", "dif, dea, hist = talib.MACD(close_prices, fastperiod=12, slowperiod=26, signalperiod=9)\n", "\n", "# 将结果添加到数据框\n", "df['dif'] = dif\n", "df['dif'] = df['dif'].fillna(0)\n", "df['dea'] = dea\n", "df['dea'] = df['dea'].fillna(0)\n", "df['hist'] = hist\n", "df['hist'] = df['hist'].fillna(0)\n", "\n", "df" ], "id": "12fde7bfaddbdf4", "outputs": [ { "data": { "text/plain": [ " date volume open close high low \\\n", "datetime \n", "2024-01-02 20240102 1158366.45 8.57646 8.41205 8.60386 8.41205 \n", "2024-01-03 20240103 733610.31 8.39379 8.40292 8.42119 8.35725 \n", "2024-01-04 20240104 864193.99 8.39379 8.32072 8.39379 8.29332 \n", "2024-01-05 20240105 1991622.16 8.31158 8.46686 8.62213 8.28418 \n", "2024-01-08 20240108 1121156.19 8.43032 8.35725 8.49426 8.32072 \n", "... ... ... ... ... ... ... \n", "2024-12-25 20241225 1475282.94 11.86000 11.92000 12.02000 11.84000 \n", "2024-12-26 20241226 1000074.70 11.92000 11.86000 11.93000 11.78000 \n", "2024-12-27 20241227 1290012.28 11.87000 11.83000 11.90000 11.66000 \n", "2024-12-30 20241230 1351846.36 11.78000 11.95000 11.97000 11.78000 \n", "2024-12-31 20241231 1475367.33 11.93000 11.70000 11.99000 11.70000 \n", "\n", " macd macd_dif macd_dea datetime_text dif dea \\\n", "datetime \n", "2024-01-02 0.107 -0.162 -0.216 20240102 0.000000 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-03 0.098 -0.155 -0.203 20240103 0.000000 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-04 0.080 -0.153 -0.193 20240104 0.000000 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-05 0.087 -0.139 -0.183 20240105 0.000000 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-08 0.076 -0.135 -0.173 20240108 0.000000 0.000000 \n", "... ... ... ... ... ... ... \n", "2024-12-25 0.050 0.080 0.055 20241225 0.080475 0.055293 \n", "2024-12-26 0.051 0.087 0.062 20241226 0.087385 0.061712 \n", "2024-12-27 0.044 0.089 0.067 20241227 0.089411 0.067251 \n", "2024-12-30 0.052 0.100 0.074 20241230 0.099551 0.073711 \n", "2024-12-31 0.020 0.086 0.076 20241231 0.086419 0.076253 \n", "\n", " hist \n", "datetime \n", "2024-01-02 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-03 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-04 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-05 0.000000 \n", "2024-01-08 0.000000 \n", "... ... \n", "2024-12-25 0.025182 \n", "2024-12-26 0.025674 \n", "2024-12-27 0.022159 \n", "2024-12-30 0.025840 \n", "2024-12-31 0.010166 \n", "\n", "[242 rows x 13 columns]" ], "text/html": [ "
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" ] }, "execution_count": 159, "metadata": {}, "output_type": "execute_result" } ], "execution_count": 159 }, { "metadata": { "ExecuteTime": { "end_time": "2025-02-16T08:09:25.361947Z", "start_time": "2025-02-16T08:09:25.270309Z" } }, "cell_type": "code", "source": [ "cerebro = bt.Cerebro()\n", "\n", "\n", "class EnhancePandasData(bt.feeds.PandasData):\n", " lines = (\"dif\", \"dea\", \"hist\")\n", " params = (\n", " (\"dif\", -1),\n", " (\"dea\", -1),\n", " (\"hist\", -1),\n", " )\n", "\n", "\n", "cerebro.adddata(EnhancePandasData(dataname=df))\n", "# 初始资金 100,000,000\n", "cerebro.broker.setcash(10000.0)\n", "# 佣金，双边各 0.0003\n", "cerebro.broker.setcommission(commission=0.0003)\n", "# 滑点：双边各 0.0001\n", "cerebro.broker.set_slippage_perc(perc=0.0001)\n", "cerebro.addanalyzer(bt.analyzers.TimeReturn, _name='pnl') # 返回收益率时序数据\n", "cerebro.addanalyzer(bt.analyzers.AnnualReturn, _name='_AnnualReturn') # 年化收益率\n", "cerebro.addanalyzer(bt.analyzers.SharpeRatio, _name='_SharpeRatio') # 夏普比率\n", "cerebro.addanalyzer(bt.analyzers.DrawDown, _name='_DrawDown') # 回撤\n", "\n", "\n", "# 创建策略类\n", "class TestStrategy(bt.Strategy):\n", " def next(self):\n", " now_dif = self.data.dif[0]\n", " now_dea = self.data.dea[0]\n", " now_hist = self.data.hist[0]\n", "\n", " pre_dif = self.data.dif[-1]\n", " pre_dea = self.data.dea[-1]\n", " pre_hist = self.data.hist[-1]\n", "\n", " hold = self.getposition(self.data).size\n", "\n", " if now_dif > now_dea and pre_dif <= pre_dea and now_dif > 0 and now_dea > 0:\n", " self.buy(size=100)\n", " elif now_dif < now_dea and pre_dif >= pre_dea and hold > 0:\n", " self.sell(size=hold)\n", "\n", " def log(self, txt, dt=None):\n", " \"\"\"\n", " 输出包含时间的日志。\n", " \"\"\"\n", " dt = dt or self.datas[0].datetime.date(0)\n", " print(f'{dt.isoformat()}, {txt}')\n", "\n", "\n", "# 将编写的策略添加给大脑，别忘了 ！\n", "cerebro.addstrategy(TestStrategy)\n", "\n", "print('初始资金: %.2f' % cerebro.broker.getvalue())\n", "results = cerebro.run()\n", "print('最终资金: %.2f' % cerebro.broker.getvalue())\n", "# 获取分析结果\n", "strat = results[0]\n", "print('夏普比率:', strat.analyzers._SharpeRatio.get_analysis()['sharperatio'])\n", "print('最大回撤:', strat.analyzers._DrawDown.get_analysis()['max']['drawdown'])\n", "\n", "# # 返回日度收益率序列\n", "# daily_return = pd.Series(strat.analyzers.pnl.get_analysis())\n", "# # 打印评价指标\n", "# print(\"--------------- AnnualReturn -----------------\")\n", "# print(strat.analyzers._AnnualReturn.get_analysis())\n", "# print(\"--------------- SharpeRatio -----------------\")\n", "# print(strat.analyzers._SharpeRatio.get_analysis())\n", "# print(\"--------------- DrawDown -----------------\")\n", "# print(strat.analyzers._DrawDown.get_analysis())\n", "\n", "# 绘制结果图表\n", "cerebro.plot(style='candlestick', width=20, height=10)" ], "id": "45f8133af2348b95", "outputs": [ { "name": "stdout", "output_type": "stream", "text": [ "初始资金: 10000.00\n", "最终资金: 10015.80\n", "夏普比率: None\n", "最大回撤: 0.48930011171324134\n" ] }, { "data": { "text/plain": [ "" ], "application/javascript": "/* Put everything inside the global mpl namespace */\n/* global mpl */\nwindow.mpl = {};\n\nmpl.get_websocket_type = function () {\n if (typeof WebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return WebSocket;\n } else if (typeof MozWebSocket !== 'undefined') {\n return MozWebSocket;\n } else {\n alert(\n 'Your browser does not have WebSocket support. ' +\n 'Please try Chrome, Safari or Firefox ≥ 6. ' +\n 'Firefox 4 and 5 are also supported but you ' +\n 'have to enable WebSockets in about:config.'\n );\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure = function (figure_id, websocket, ondownload, parent_element) {\n this.id = figure_id;\n\n this.ws = websocket;\n\n this.supports_binary = this.ws.binaryType !== undefined;\n\n if (!this.supports_binary) {\n var warnings = document.getElementById('mpl-warnings');\n if (warnings) {\n warnings.style.display = 'block';\n warnings.textContent =\n 'This browser does not support binary websocket messages. ' +\n 'Performance may be slow.';\n }\n }\n\n this.imageObj = new Image();\n\n this.context = undefined;\n this.message = undefined;\n this.canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_canvas = undefined;\n this.rubberband_context = undefined;\n this.format_dropdown = undefined;\n\n this.image_mode = 'full';\n\n this.root = document.createElement('div');\n this.root.setAttribute('style', 'display: inline-block');\n this._root_extra_style(this.root);\n\n parent_element.appendChild(this.root);\n\n this._init_header(this);\n this._init_canvas(this);\n this._init_toolbar(this);\n\n var fig = this;\n\n this.waiting = false;\n\n this.ws.onopen = function () {\n fig.send_message('supports_binary', { value: fig.supports_binary });\n fig.send_message('send_image_mode', {});\n if (fig.ratio !== 1) {\n fig.send_message('set_device_pixel_ratio', {\n device_pixel_ratio: fig.ratio,\n });\n }\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onload = function () {\n if (fig.image_mode === 'full') {\n // Full images could contain transparency (where diff images\n // almost always do), so we need to clear the canvas so that\n // there is no ghosting.\n fig.context.clearRect(0, 0, fig.canvas.width, fig.canvas.height);\n }\n fig.context.drawImage(fig.imageObj, 0, 0);\n };\n\n this.imageObj.onunload = function () {\n fig.ws.close();\n };\n\n this.ws.onmessage = this._make_on_message_function(this);\n\n this.ondownload = ondownload;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_header = function () {\n var titlebar = document.createElement('div');\n titlebar.classList =\n 'ui-dialog-titlebar ui-widget-header ui-corner-all ui-helper-clearfix';\n var titletext = document.createElement('div');\n titletext.classList = 'ui-dialog-title';\n titletext.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'width: 100%; text-align: center; padding: 3px;'\n );\n titlebar.appendChild(titletext);\n this.root.appendChild(titlebar);\n this.header = titletext;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (_canvas_div) {};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_canvas = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var canvas_div = (this.canvas_div = document.createElement('div'));\n canvas_div.setAttribute('tabindex', '0');\n canvas_div.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'border: 1px solid #ddd;' +\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'clear: both;' +\n 'min-height: 1px;' +\n 'min-width: 1px;' +\n 'outline: 0;' +\n 'overflow: hidden;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'resize: both;' +\n 'z-index: 2;'\n );\n\n function on_keyboard_event_closure(name) {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.key_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keydown',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'keyup',\n on_keyboard_event_closure('key_release')\n );\n\n this._canvas_extra_style(canvas_div);\n this.root.appendChild(canvas_div);\n\n var canvas = (this.canvas = document.createElement('canvas'));\n canvas.classList.add('mpl-canvas');\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'pointer-events: none;' +\n 'position: relative;' +\n 'z-index: 0;'\n );\n\n this.context = canvas.getContext('2d');\n\n var backingStore =\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.webkitBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.mozBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.msBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.oBackingStorePixelRatio ||\n this.context.backingStorePixelRatio ||\n 1;\n\n this.ratio = (window.devicePixelRatio || 1) / backingStore;\n\n var rubberband_canvas = (this.rubberband_canvas = document.createElement(\n 'canvas'\n ));\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute(\n 'style',\n 'box-sizing: content-box;' +\n 'left: 0;' +\n 'pointer-events: none;' +\n 'position: absolute;' +\n 'top: 0;' +\n 'z-index: 1;'\n );\n\n // Apply a ponyfill if ResizeObserver is not implemented by browser.\n if (this.ResizeObserver === undefined) {\n if (window.ResizeObserver !== undefined) {\n this.ResizeObserver = window.ResizeObserver;\n } else {\n var obs = _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER({});\n this.ResizeObserver = obs.ResizeObserver;\n }\n }\n\n this.resizeObserverInstance = new this.ResizeObserver(function (entries) {\n // There's no need to resize if the WebSocket is not connected:\n // - If it is still connecting, then we will get an initial resize from\n // Python once it connects.\n // - If it has disconnected, then resizing will clear the canvas and\n // never get anything back to refill it, so better to not resize and\n // keep something visible.\n if (fig.ws.readyState != 1) {\n return;\n }\n var nentries = entries.length;\n for (var i = 0; i < nentries; i++) {\n var entry = entries[i];\n var width, height;\n if (entry.contentBoxSize) {\n if (entry.contentBoxSize instanceof Array) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize[0].inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize[0].blockSize;\n } else {\n // Firefox implements old version of spec.\n width = entry.contentBoxSize.inlineSize;\n height = entry.contentBoxSize.blockSize;\n }\n } else {\n // Chrome <84 implements even older version of spec.\n width = entry.contentRect.width;\n height = entry.contentRect.height;\n }\n\n // Keep the size of the canvas and rubber band canvas in sync with\n // the canvas container.\n if (entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize) {\n // Chrome 84 implements new version of spec.\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'width',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].inlineSize\n );\n canvas.setAttribute(\n 'height',\n entry.devicePixelContentBoxSize[0].blockSize\n );\n } else {\n canvas.setAttribute('width', width * fig.ratio);\n canvas.setAttribute('height', height * fig.ratio);\n }\n /* This rescales the canvas back to display pixels, so that it\n * appears correct on HiDPI screens. */\n canvas.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas.style.height = height + 'px';\n\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('width', width);\n rubberband_canvas.setAttribute('height', height);\n\n // And update the size in Python. We ignore the initial 0/0 size\n // that occurs as the element is placed into the DOM, which should\n // otherwise not happen due to the minimum size styling.\n if (width != 0 && height != 0) {\n fig.request_resize(width, height);\n }\n }\n });\n this.resizeObserverInstance.observe(canvas_div);\n\n function on_mouse_event_closure(name) {\n /* User Agent sniffing is bad, but WebKit is busted:\n * https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=144526\n * https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=181818\n * The worst that happens here is that they get an extra browser\n * selection when dragging, if this check fails to catch them.\n */\n var UA = navigator.userAgent;\n var isWebKit = /AppleWebKit/.test(UA) && !/Chrome/.test(UA);\n if(isWebKit) {\n return function (event) {\n /* This prevents the web browser from automatically changing to\n * the text insertion cursor when the button is pressed. We\n * want to control all of the cursor setting manually through\n * the 'cursor' event from matplotlib */\n event.preventDefault()\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n } else {\n return function (event) {\n return fig.mouse_event(event, name);\n };\n }\n }\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'mousedown',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_press')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'mouseup',\n on_mouse_event_closure('button_release')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'dblclick',\n on_mouse_event_closure('dblclick')\n );\n // Throttle sequential mouse events to 1 every 20ms.\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'mousemove',\n on_mouse_event_closure('motion_notify')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'mouseenter',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_enter')\n );\n canvas_div.addEventListener(\n 'mouseleave',\n on_mouse_event_closure('figure_leave')\n );\n\n canvas_div.addEventListener('wheel', function (event) {\n if (event.deltaY < 0) {\n event.step = 1;\n } else {\n event.step = -1;\n }\n on_mouse_event_closure('scroll')(event);\n });\n\n canvas_div.appendChild(canvas);\n canvas_div.appendChild(rubberband_canvas);\n\n this.rubberband_context = rubberband_canvas.getContext('2d');\n this.rubberband_context.strokeStyle = '#000000';\n\n this._resize_canvas = function (width, height, forward) {\n if (forward) {\n canvas_div.style.width = width + 'px';\n canvas_div.style.height = height + 'px';\n }\n };\n\n // Disable right mouse context menu.\n canvas_div.addEventListener('contextmenu', function (_e) {\n event.preventDefault();\n return false;\n });\n\n function set_focus() {\n canvas.focus();\n canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n window.setTimeout(set_focus, 100);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'mpl-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'mpl-button-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n var button = (fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button'));\n button.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n button.setAttribute('role', 'button');\n button.setAttribute('aria-disabled', 'false');\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n\n var icon_img = document.createElement('img');\n icon_img.src = '_images/' + image + '.png';\n icon_img.srcset = '_images/' + image + '_large.png 2x';\n icon_img.alt = tooltip;\n button.appendChild(icon_img);\n\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n var fmt_picker = document.createElement('select');\n fmt_picker.classList = 'mpl-widget';\n toolbar.appendChild(fmt_picker);\n this.format_dropdown = fmt_picker;\n\n for (var ind in mpl.extensions) {\n var fmt = mpl.extensions[ind];\n var option = document.createElement('option');\n option.selected = fmt === mpl.default_extension;\n option.innerHTML = fmt;\n fmt_picker.appendChild(option);\n }\n\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.request_resize = function (x_pixels, y_pixels) {\n // Request matplotlib to resize the figure. Matplotlib will then trigger a resize in the client,\n // which will in turn request a refresh of the image.\n this.send_message('resize', { width: x_pixels, height: y_pixels });\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_message = function (type, properties) {\n properties['type'] = type;\n properties['figure_id'] = this.id;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify(properties));\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.send_draw_message = function () {\n if (!this.waiting) {\n this.waiting = true;\n this.ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'draw', figure_id: this.id }));\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n var format_dropdown = fig.format_dropdown;\n var format = format_dropdown.options[format_dropdown.selectedIndex].value;\n fig.ondownload(fig, format);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_resize = function (fig, msg) {\n var size = msg['size'];\n if (size[0] !== fig.canvas.width || size[1] !== fig.canvas.height) {\n fig._resize_canvas(size[0], size[1], msg['forward']);\n fig.send_message('refresh', {});\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_rubberband = function (fig, msg) {\n var x0 = msg['x0'] / fig.ratio;\n var y0 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y0']) / fig.ratio;\n var x1 = msg['x1'] / fig.ratio;\n var y1 = (fig.canvas.height - msg['y1']) / fig.ratio;\n x0 = Math.floor(x0) + 0.5;\n y0 = Math.floor(y0) + 0.5;\n x1 = Math.floor(x1) + 0.5;\n y1 = Math.floor(y1) + 0.5;\n var min_x = Math.min(x0, x1);\n var min_y = Math.min(y0, y1);\n var width = Math.abs(x1 - x0);\n var height = Math.abs(y1 - y0);\n\n fig.rubberband_context.clearRect(\n 0,\n 0,\n fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio,\n fig.canvas.height / fig.ratio\n );\n\n fig.rubberband_context.strokeRect(min_x, min_y, width, height);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_figure_label = function (fig, msg) {\n // Updates the figure title.\n fig.header.textContent = msg['label'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_cursor = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.canvas_div.style.cursor = msg['cursor'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_message = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.message.textContent = msg['message'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_draw = function (fig, _msg) {\n // Request the server to send over a new figure.\n fig.send_draw_message();\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_image_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.image_mode = msg['mode'];\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_history_buttons = function (fig, msg) {\n for (var key in msg) {\n if (!(key in fig.buttons)) {\n continue;\n }\n fig.buttons[key].disabled = !msg[key];\n fig.buttons[key].setAttribute('aria-disabled', !msg[key]);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_navigate_mode = function (fig, msg) {\n if (msg['mode'] === 'PAN') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.add('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n } else if (msg['mode'] === 'ZOOM') {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.add('active');\n } else {\n fig.buttons['Pan'].classList.remove('active');\n fig.buttons['Zoom'].classList.remove('active');\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Called whenever the canvas gets updated.\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n};\n\n// A function to construct a web socket function for onmessage handling.\n// Called in the figure constructor.\nmpl.figure.prototype._make_on_message_function = function (fig) {\n return function socket_on_message(evt) {\n if (evt.data instanceof Blob) {\n var img = evt.data;\n if (img.type !== 'image/png') {\n /* FIXME: We get \"Resource interpreted as Image but\n * transferred with MIME type text/plain:\" errors on\n * Chrome. But how to set the MIME type? It doesn't seem\n * to be part of the websocket stream */\n img.type = 'image/png';\n }\n\n /* Free the memory for the previous frames */\n if (fig.imageObj.src) {\n (window.URL || window.webkitURL).revokeObjectURL(\n fig.imageObj.src\n );\n }\n\n fig.imageObj.src = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(\n img\n );\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n } else if (\n typeof evt.data === 'string' &&\n evt.data.slice(0, 21) === 'data:image/png;base64'\n ) {\n fig.imageObj.src = evt.data;\n fig.updated_canvas_event();\n fig.waiting = false;\n return;\n }\n\n var msg = JSON.parse(evt.data);\n var msg_type = msg['type'];\n\n // Call the \"handle_{type}\" callback, which takes\n // the figure and JSON message as its only arguments.\n try {\n var callback = fig['handle_' + msg_type];\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"No handler for the '\" + msg_type + \"' message type: \",\n msg\n );\n return;\n }\n\n if (callback) {\n try {\n // console.log(\"Handling '\" + msg_type + \"' message: \", msg);\n callback(fig, msg);\n } catch (e) {\n console.log(\n \"Exception inside the 'handler_\" + msg_type + \"' callback:\",\n e,\n e.stack,\n msg\n );\n }\n }\n };\n};\n\nfunction getModifiers(event) {\n var mods = [];\n if (event.ctrlKey) {\n mods.push('ctrl');\n }\n if (event.altKey) {\n mods.push('alt');\n }\n if (event.shiftKey) {\n mods.push('shift');\n }\n if (event.metaKey) {\n mods.push('meta');\n }\n return mods;\n}\n\n/*\n * return a copy of an object with only non-object keys\n * we need this to avoid circular references\n * https://stackoverflow.com/a/24161582/3208463\n */\nfunction simpleKeys(original) {\n return Object.keys(original).reduce(function (obj, key) {\n if (typeof original[key] !== 'object') {\n obj[key] = original[key];\n }\n return obj;\n }, {});\n}\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.mouse_event = function (event, name) {\n if (name === 'button_press') {\n this.canvas.focus();\n this.canvas_div.focus();\n }\n\n // from https://stackoverflow.com/q/1114465\n var boundingRect = this.canvas.getBoundingClientRect();\n var x = (event.clientX - boundingRect.left) * this.ratio;\n var y = (event.clientY - boundingRect.top) * this.ratio;\n\n this.send_message(name, {\n x: x,\n y: y,\n button: event.button,\n step: event.step,\n buttons: event.buttons,\n modifiers: getModifiers(event),\n guiEvent: simpleKeys(event),\n });\n\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (_event, _name) {\n // Handle any extra behaviour associated with a key event\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.key_event = function (event, name) {\n // Prevent repeat events\n if (name === 'key_press') {\n if (event.key === this._key) {\n return;\n } else {\n this._key = event.key;\n }\n }\n if (name === 'key_release') {\n this._key = null;\n }\n\n var value = '';\n if (event.ctrlKey && event.key !== 'Control') {\n value += 'ctrl+';\n }\n else if (event.altKey && event.key !== 'Alt') {\n value += 'alt+';\n }\n else if (event.shiftKey && event.key !== 'Shift') {\n value += 'shift+';\n }\n\n value += 'k' + event.key;\n\n this._key_event_extra(event, name);\n\n this.send_message(name, { key: value, guiEvent: simpleKeys(event) });\n return false;\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onclick = function (name) {\n if (name === 'download') {\n this.handle_save(this, null);\n } else {\n this.send_message('toolbar_button', { name: name });\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.toolbar_button_onmouseover = function (tooltip) {\n this.message.textContent = tooltip;\n};\n\n///////////////// REMAINING CONTENT GENERATED BY embed_js.py /////////////////\n// prettier-ignore\nvar _JSXTOOLS_RESIZE_OBSERVER=function(A){var t,i=new WeakMap,n=new WeakMap,a=new WeakMap,r=new WeakMap,o=new Set;function s(e){if(!(this instanceof s))throw new TypeError(\"Constructor requires 'new' operator\");i.set(this,e)}function h(){throw new TypeError(\"Function is not a constructor\")}function c(e,t,i,n){e=0 in arguments?Number(arguments[0]):0,t=1 in arguments?Number(arguments[1]):0,i=2 in arguments?Number(arguments[2]):0,n=3 in arguments?Number(arguments[3]):0,this.right=(this.x=this.left=e)+(this.width=i),this.bottom=(this.y=this.top=t)+(this.height=n),Object.freeze(this)}function d(){t=requestAnimationFrame(d);var s=new WeakMap,p=new Set;o.forEach((function(t){r.get(t).forEach((function(i){var r=t instanceof window.SVGElement,o=a.get(t),d=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingTop),f=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingRight),l=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingBottom),u=r?0:parseFloat(o.paddingLeft),g=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderTopWidth),m=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderRightWidth),w=r?0:parseFloat(o.borderBottomWidth),b=u+f,F=d+l,v=(r?0:parseFloat(o.borderLeftWidth))+m,W=g+w,y=r?0:t.offsetHeight-W-t.clientHeight,E=r?0:t.offsetWidth-v-t.clientWidth,R=b+v,z=F+W,M=r?t.width:parseFloat(o.width)-R-E,O=r?t.height:parseFloat(o.height)-z-y;if(n.has(t)){var k=n.get(t);if(k[0]===M&&k[1]===O)return}n.set(t,[M,O]);var S=Object.create(h.prototype);S.target=t,S.contentRect=new c(u,d,M,O),s.has(i)||(s.set(i,[]),p.add(i)),s.get(i).push(S)}))})),p.forEach((function(e){i.get(e).call(e,s.get(e),e)}))}return s.prototype.observe=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element){r.has(i)||(r.set(i,new Set),o.add(i),a.set(i,window.getComputedStyle(i)));var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)||n.add(this),cancelAnimationFrame(t),t=requestAnimationFrame(d)}},s.prototype.unobserve=function(i){if(i instanceof window.Element&&r.has(i)){var n=r.get(i);n.has(this)&&(n.delete(this),n.size||(r.delete(i),o.delete(i))),n.size||r.delete(i),o.size||cancelAnimationFrame(t)}},A.DOMRectReadOnly=c,A.ResizeObserver=s,A.ResizeObserverEntry=h,A}; // eslint-disable-line\nmpl.toolbar_items = [[\"Home\", \"Reset original view\", \"fa fa-home\", \"home\"], [\"Back\", \"Back to previous view\", \"fa fa-arrow-left\", \"back\"], [\"Forward\", \"Forward to next view\", \"fa fa-arrow-right\", \"forward\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Pan\", \"Left button pans, Right button zooms\\nx/y fixes axis, CTRL fixes aspect\", \"fa fa-arrows\", \"pan\"], [\"Zoom\", \"Zoom to rectangle\\nx/y fixes axis\", \"fa fa-square-o\", \"zoom\"], [\"\", \"\", \"\", \"\"], [\"Download\", \"Download plot\", \"fa fa-floppy-o\", \"download\"]];\n\nmpl.extensions = [\"eps\", \"jpeg\", \"pgf\", \"pdf\", \"png\", \"ps\", \"raw\", \"svg\", \"tif\", \"webp\"];\n\nmpl.default_extension = \"png\";/* global mpl */\n\nvar comm_websocket_adapter = function (comm) {\n // Create a \"websocket\"-like object which calls the given IPython comm\n // object with the appropriate methods. Currently this is a non binary\n // socket, so there is still some room for performance tuning.\n var ws = {};\n\n ws.binaryType = comm.kernel.ws.binaryType;\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n function updateReadyState(_event) {\n if (comm.kernel.ws) {\n ws.readyState = comm.kernel.ws.readyState;\n } else {\n ws.readyState = 3; // Closed state.\n }\n }\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('open', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('close', updateReadyState);\n comm.kernel.ws.addEventListener('error', updateReadyState);\n\n ws.close = function () {\n comm.close();\n };\n ws.send = function (m) {\n //console.log('sending', m);\n comm.send(m);\n };\n // Register the callback with on_msg.\n comm.on_msg(function (msg) {\n //console.log('receiving', msg['content']['data'], msg);\n var data = msg['content']['data'];\n if (data['blob'] !== undefined) {\n data = {\n data: new Blob(msg['buffers'], { type: data['blob'] }),\n };\n }\n // Pass the mpl event to the overridden (by mpl) onmessage function.\n ws.onmessage(data);\n });\n return ws;\n};\n\nmpl.mpl_figure_comm = function (comm, msg) {\n // This is the function which gets called when the mpl process\n // starts-up an IPython Comm through the \"matplotlib\" channel.\n\n var id = msg.content.data.id;\n // Get hold of the div created by the display call when the Comm\n // socket was opened in Python.\n var element = document.getElementById(id);\n var ws_proxy = comm_websocket_adapter(comm);\n\n function ondownload(figure, _format) {\n window.open(figure.canvas.toDataURL());\n }\n\n var fig = new mpl.figure(id, ws_proxy, ondownload, element);\n\n // Call onopen now - mpl needs it, as it is assuming we've passed it a real\n // web socket which is closed, not our websocket->open comm proxy.\n ws_proxy.onopen();\n\n fig.parent_element = element;\n fig.cell_info = mpl.find_output_cell(\"
\");\n if (!fig.cell_info) {\n console.error('Failed to find cell for figure', id, fig);\n return;\n }\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.on(\n 'cleared',\n { fig: fig },\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_close = function (fig, msg) {\n var width = fig.canvas.width / fig.ratio;\n fig.cell_info[0].output_area.element.off(\n 'cleared',\n fig._remove_fig_handler\n );\n fig.resizeObserverInstance.unobserve(fig.canvas_div);\n\n // Update the output cell to use the data from the current canvas.\n fig.push_to_output();\n var dataURL = fig.canvas.toDataURL();\n // Re-enable the keyboard manager in IPython - without this line, in FF,\n // the notebook keyboard shortcuts fail.\n IPython.keyboard_manager.enable();\n fig.parent_element.innerHTML =\n '';\n fig.close_ws(fig, msg);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.close_ws = function (fig, msg) {\n fig.send_message('closing', msg);\n // fig.ws.close()\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.push_to_output = function (_remove_interactive) {\n // Turn the data on the canvas into data in the output cell.\n var width = this.canvas.width / this.ratio;\n var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL();\n this.cell_info[1]['text/html'] =\n '';\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.updated_canvas_event = function () {\n // Tell IPython that the notebook contents must change.\n IPython.notebook.set_dirty(true);\n this.send_message('ack', {});\n var fig = this;\n // Wait a second, then push the new image to the DOM so\n // that it is saved nicely (might be nice to debounce this).\n setTimeout(function () {\n fig.push_to_output();\n }, 1000);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._init_toolbar = function () {\n var fig = this;\n\n var toolbar = document.createElement('div');\n toolbar.classList = 'btn-toolbar';\n this.root.appendChild(toolbar);\n\n function on_click_closure(name) {\n return function (_event) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onclick(name);\n };\n }\n\n function on_mouseover_closure(tooltip) {\n return function (event) {\n if (!event.currentTarget.disabled) {\n return fig.toolbar_button_onmouseover(tooltip);\n }\n };\n }\n\n fig.buttons = {};\n var buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n var button;\n for (var toolbar_ind in mpl.toolbar_items) {\n var name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][0];\n var tooltip = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][1];\n var image = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][2];\n var method_name = mpl.toolbar_items[toolbar_ind][3];\n\n if (!name) {\n /* Instead of a spacer, we start a new button group. */\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n buttonGroup = document.createElement('div');\n buttonGroup.classList = 'btn-group';\n continue;\n }\n\n button = fig.buttons[name] = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-default';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = name;\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', on_click_closure(method_name));\n button.addEventListener('mouseover', on_mouseover_closure(tooltip));\n buttonGroup.appendChild(button);\n }\n\n if (buttonGroup.hasChildNodes()) {\n toolbar.appendChild(buttonGroup);\n }\n\n // Add the status bar.\n var status_bar = document.createElement('span');\n status_bar.classList = 'mpl-message pull-right';\n toolbar.appendChild(status_bar);\n this.message = status_bar;\n\n // Add the close button to the window.\n var buttongrp = document.createElement('div');\n buttongrp.classList = 'btn-group inline pull-right';\n button = document.createElement('button');\n button.classList = 'btn btn-mini btn-primary';\n button.href = '#';\n button.title = 'Stop Interaction';\n button.innerHTML = '';\n button.addEventListener('click', function (_evt) {\n fig.handle_close(fig, {});\n });\n button.addEventListener(\n 'mouseover',\n on_mouseover_closure('Stop Interaction')\n );\n buttongrp.appendChild(button);\n var titlebar = this.root.querySelector('.ui-dialog-titlebar');\n titlebar.insertBefore(buttongrp, titlebar.firstChild);\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._remove_fig_handler = function (event) {\n var fig = event.data.fig;\n if (event.target !== this) {\n // Ignore bubbled events from children.\n return;\n }\n fig.close_ws(fig, {});\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._root_extra_style = function (el) {\n el.style.boxSizing = 'content-box'; // override notebook setting of border-box.\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._canvas_extra_style = function (el) {\n // this is important to make the div 'focusable\n el.setAttribute('tabindex', 0);\n // reach out to IPython and tell the keyboard manager to turn it's self\n // off when our div gets focus\n\n // location in version 3\n if (IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager) {\n IPython.notebook.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n } else {\n // location in version 2\n IPython.keyboard_manager.register_events(el);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype._key_event_extra = function (event, _name) {\n // Check for shift+enter\n if (event.shiftKey && event.which === 13) {\n this.canvas_div.blur();\n // select the cell after this one\n var index = IPython.notebook.find_cell_index(this.cell_info[0]);\n IPython.notebook.select(index + 1);\n }\n};\n\nmpl.figure.prototype.handle_save = function (fig, _msg) {\n fig.ondownload(fig, null);\n};\n\nmpl.find_output_cell = function (html_output) {\n // Return the cell and output element which can be found *uniquely* in the notebook.\n // Note - this is a bit hacky, but it is done because the \"notebook_saving.Notebook\"\n // IPython event is triggered only after the cells have been serialised, which for\n // our purposes (turning an active figure into a static one), is too late.\n var cells = IPython.notebook.get_cells();\n var ncells = cells.length;\n for (var i = 0; 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