[HUDI-3237] gracefully fail to change column data type (#4677)

hudi-spark-datasource/hudi-spark-common/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hudi/HoodieSqlCommonUtils.scala

@@ -312,4 +312,10 @@ object HoodieSqlCommonUtils extends SparkAdapterSupport {
       case field if resolver(field.name, name) => field
     }
   }
+
+  // Compare a [[StructField]] to another, return true if they have the same column
+  // name(by resolver) and dataType.
+  def columnEqual(field: StructField, other: StructField, resolver: Resolver): Boolean = {
+    resolver(field.name, other.name) && field.dataType == other.dataType
+  }
 }

hudi-spark-datasource/hudi-spark-common/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/hudi/command/AlterHoodieTableChangeColumnCommand.scala

@@ -49,6 +49,13 @@ case class AlterHoodieTableChangeColumnCommand(
       throw new AnalysisException(s"Can't find column `$columnName` given table data columns " +
         s"${hoodieCatalogTable.dataSchema.fieldNames.mkString("[`", "`, `", "`]")}")
     )
+    // Throw an AnalysisException if the column name/dataType is changed.
+    if (!columnEqual(originColumn, newColumn, resolver)) {
+      throw new AnalysisException(
+        "ALTER TABLE CHANGE COLUMN is not supported for changing column " +
+          s"'${originColumn.name}' with type '${originColumn.dataType}' to " +
+          s"'${newColumn.name}' with type '${newColumn.dataType}'")
+    }
 
     // Get the new schema
     val newTableSchema = StructType(