feat: 系统性改进后端测试体系

- 新增 6 个测试场景 (config load pipe, handler errors, service aggregation, engine degradation, openai decoder edges, negative tests)
- 更新测试工具规格 (mockgen, in-memory SQLite)
- 覆盖率目标从 >80% 提升至 >85%
- 新增 test-unit 和 test-integration Makefile 命令
- 新增死代码清理和 mockgen 需求
- 归档变更至 openspec/changes/archive/2026-04-22-improve-backend-testing/

backend/internal/handler/handler_supplemental_test.go

@@ -9,12 +9,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
 )
 
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"id":      "p1",
@@ -37,7 +44,12 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_WithProtocol(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"id":       "p1",
@@ -56,9 +68,13 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_WithProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		provider: &domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "Updated", APIKey: "***"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Eq(true)).Return(&domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "Updated", APIKey: "***"}, nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"name": "Updated"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -72,7 +88,11 @@ func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_InvalidBody(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -84,7 +104,12 @@ func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_InvalidBody(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_DeleteProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Delete(gomock.Eq("p1")).Return(nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -97,7 +122,12 @@ func TestProviderHandler_DeleteProvider(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_DeleteModel(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Delete(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -110,7 +140,15 @@ func TestModelHandler_DeleteModel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).DoAndReturn(func(model *domain.Model) error {
+		model.ID = "mock-uuid-1234"
+		return nil
+	})
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"provider_id": "p1",
@@ -130,9 +168,12 @@ func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_GetModel(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		model: &domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -148,9 +189,13 @@ func TestModelHandler_GetModel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_UpdateModel(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		model: &domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4o"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("m1"), gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4o"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"model_name": "gpt-4o"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()

backend/internal/handler/handler_test.go

@@ -2,119 +2,34 @@ package handler
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
-	"nex/backend/internal/provider"
 	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
+	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 }
 
-// ============ Mock 实现 ============
-
-type mockRoutingService struct {
-	result *domain.RouteResult
-	err    error
-}
-
-func (m *mockRoutingService) RouteByModelName(providerID, modelName string) (*domain.RouteResult, error) {
-	return m.result, m.err
-}
-
-type mockStatsService struct {
-	err        error
-	stats      []domain.UsageStats
-	aggrResult []map[string]interface{}
-}
-
-func (m *mockStatsService) Record(providerID, modelName string) error {
-	return m.err
-}
-func (m *mockStatsService) Get(providerID, modelName string, startDate, endDate *time.Time) ([]domain.UsageStats, error) {
-	return m.stats, nil
-}
-func (m *mockStatsService) Aggregate(stats []domain.UsageStats, groupBy string) []map[string]interface{} {
-	return m.aggrResult
-}
-
-type mockProviderService struct {
-	provider  *domain.Provider
-	providers []domain.Provider
-	err       error
-}
-
-func (m *mockProviderService) ListEnabledModels() ([]domain.Model, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-func (m *mockProviderService) GetModelByProviderAndName(providerID, modelName string) (*domain.Model, error) {
-	return nil, nil
-}
-
-func (m *mockProviderService) Create(provider *domain.Provider) error { return m.err }
-func (m *mockProviderService) Get(id string, maskKey bool) (*domain.Provider, error) {
-	return m.provider, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockProviderService) List() ([]domain.Provider, error) { return m.providers, m.err }
-func (m *mockProviderService) Update(id string, updates map[string]interface{}) error {
-	return m.err
-}
-func (m *mockProviderService) Delete(id string) error { return m.err }
-
-type mockModelService struct {
-	model  *domain.Model
-	models []domain.Model
-	err    error
-}
-
-func (m *mockModelService) Create(model *domain.Model) error {
-	if m.err == nil {
-		model.ID = "mock-uuid-1234"
-	}
-	return m.err
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) Get(id string) (*domain.Model, error) {
-	return m.model, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) List(providerID string) ([]domain.Model, error) {
-	return m.models, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) ListEnabled() ([]domain.Model, error) {
-	return []domain.Model{}, nil
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) Update(id string, updates map[string]interface{}) error {
-	return m.err
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) Delete(id string) error { return m.err }
-
-type mockProviderClient struct {
-	err error
-}
-
-func (m *mockProviderClient) Send(ctx context.Context, spec interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-	return nil, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockProviderClient) SendStream(ctx context.Context, spec interface{}) (<-chan provider.StreamEvent, error) {
-	return nil, m.err
-}
-
-// ============ Provider Handler 测试 ============
-
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"id": "p1"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -127,12 +42,15 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_ListProviders(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		providers: []domain.Provider{
-			{ID: "p1", Name: "P1"},
-			{ID: "p2", Name: "P2"},
-		},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().List().Return([]domain.Provider{
+		{ID: "p1", Name: "P1"},
+		{ID: "p2", Name: "P2"},
+	}, nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -142,14 +60,17 @@ func TestProviderHandler_ListProviders(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 
 	var result []domain.Provider
-	json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result)
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
 	assert.Len(t, result, 2)
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_GetProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		provider: &domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "P1", APIKey: "***"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Eq(true)).Return(&domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "P1", APIKey: "***"}, nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -160,10 +81,12 @@ func TestProviderHandler_GetProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 }
 
-// ============ Model Handler 测试 ============
-
 func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"id": "m1"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -176,12 +99,15 @@ func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_ListModels(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		models: []domain.Model{
-			{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4"},
-			{ID: "m2", ProviderID: "anthropic", ModelName: "claude-3"},
-		},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().List(gomock.Eq("")).Return([]domain.Model{
+		{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4"},
+		{ID: "m2", ProviderID: "anthropic", ModelName: "claude-3"},
+	}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -198,9 +124,12 @@ func TestModelHandler_ListModels(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_GetModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		model: &domain.Model{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -217,7 +146,15 @@ func TestModelHandler_GetModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).DoAndReturn(func(model *domain.Model) error {
+		model.ID = "mock-uuid-1234"
+		return nil
+	})
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"provider_id": "openai",
@@ -238,9 +175,13 @@ func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_UpdateModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		model: &domain.Model{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4-turbo"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("m1"), gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4-turbo"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"enabled": false})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -257,14 +198,15 @@ func TestModelHandler_UpdateModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4-turbo", result.UnifiedModelID)
 }
 
-// ============ Stats Handler 测试 ============
-
 func TestStatsHandler_GetStats(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewStatsHandler(&mockStatsService{
-		stats: []domain.UsageStats{
-			{ProviderID: "p1", ModelName: "gpt-4", RequestCount: 10},
-		},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockStatsService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return([]domain.UsageStats{
+		{ProviderID: "p1", ModelName: "gpt-4", RequestCount: 10},
+	}, nil)
+	h := NewStatsHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -275,7 +217,11 @@ func TestStatsHandler_GetStats(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStatsHandler_GetStats_InvalidDate(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewStatsHandler(&mockStatsService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockStatsService(ctrl)
+	h := NewStatsHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -286,14 +232,17 @@ func TestStatsHandler_GetStats_InvalidDate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStatsHandler_AggregateStats(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewStatsHandler(&mockStatsService{
-		stats: []domain.UsageStats{
-			{ProviderID: "p1", RequestCount: 10},
-		},
-		aggrResult: []map[string]interface{}{
-			{"provider_id": "p1", "request_count": 10},
-		},
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockStatsService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return([]domain.UsageStats{
+		{ProviderID: "p1", RequestCount: 10},
+	}, nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Aggregate(gomock.Any(), gomock.Eq("provider")).Return([]map[string]interface{}{
+		{"provider_id": "p1", "request_count": 10},
 	})
+	h := NewStatsHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -303,8 +252,6 @@ func TestStatsHandler_AggregateStats(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 }
 
-// ============ writeError 测试 ============
-
 func TestWriteError(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -333,12 +280,13 @@ func formatMapErrors(errs map[string]string) string {
 	return "请求验证失败: " + strings.Join(parts, "; ")
 }
 
-// ============ 错误类型判断测试 ============
-
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_DuplicatedKey(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		err: appErrors.ErrConflict,
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrConflict)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"id":       "p1",
@@ -354,3 +302,158 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_DuplicatedKey(t *testing.T) {
 	h.CreateProvider(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 409, w.Code)
 }
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_ProviderNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrProviderNotFound)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"provider_id": "nonexistent",
+		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
+	})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "供应商不存在")
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_DuplicateModel(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrDuplicateModel)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"provider_id": "openai",
+		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
+	})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 409, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "同一供应商下模型名称已存在")
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(errors.New("database error"))
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"provider_id": "openai",
+		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
+	})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 500, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(gorm.ErrRecordNotFound)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"name": "Updated"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "p1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("PUT", "/api/providers/p1", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.UpdateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 404, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_ImmutableField(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrImmutableField)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"name": "Updated"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "p1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("PUT", "/api/providers/p1", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.UpdateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "供应商 ID 不允许修改")
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(errors.New("database error"))
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"name": "Updated"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "p1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("PUT", "/api/providers/p1", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.UpdateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 500, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader([]byte("{invalid json")))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/providers", bytes.NewReader([]byte("{invalid json")))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+}