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Create

$ ant messages create

post /v1/messages

Send a structured list of input messages with text and/or image content, and the model will generate the next message in the conversation.

The Messages API can be used for either single queries or stateless multi-turn conversations.

Learn more about the Messages API in our user guide

Parameters

  • --max-tokens: number

    The maximum number of tokens to generate before stopping.

    Note that our models may stop before reaching this maximum. This parameter only specifies the absolute maximum number of tokens to generate.

    Different models have different maximum values for this parameter. See models for details.

  • --message: array of MessageParam

    Input messages.

    Our models are trained to operate on alternating user and assistant conversational turns. When creating a new Message, you specify the prior conversational turns with the messages parameter, and the model then generates the next Message in the conversation. Consecutive user or assistant turns in your request will be combined into a single turn.

    Each input message must be an object with a role and content. You can specify a single user-role message, or you can include multiple user and assistant messages.

    If the final message uses the assistant role, the response content will continue immediately from the content in that message. This can be used to constrain part of the model's response.

    Example with a single user message:

    [{"role": "user", "content": "Hello, Claude"}]

    Example with multiple conversational turns:

    [
  {"role": "user", "content": "Hello there."},
  {"role": "assistant", "content": "Hi, I'm Claude. How can I help you?"},
  {"role": "user", "content": "Can you explain LLMs in plain English?"},
]

    Example with a partially-filled response from Claude:

    [
  {"role": "user", "content": "What's the Greek name for Sun? (A) Sol (B) Helios (C) Sun"},
  {"role": "assistant", "content": "The best answer is ("},
]

    Each input message content may be either a single string or an array of content blocks, where each block has a specific type. Using a string for content is shorthand for an array of one content block of type "text". The following input messages are equivalent:

    {"role": "user", "content": "Hello, Claude"}

    {"role": "user", "content": [{"type": "text", "text": "Hello, Claude"}]}

    See input examples.

    Note that if you want to include a system prompt, you can use the top-level system parameter — there is no "system" role for input messages in the Messages API.

    There is a limit of 100,000 messages in a single request.

  • --model: "claude-opus-4-7" or "claude-mythos-preview" or "claude-opus-4-6" or 14 more or string

    The model that will complete your prompt.

    See models for additional details and options.

  • --cache-control: optional object { type, ttl }

    Top-level cache control automatically applies a cache_control marker to the last cacheable block in the request.

  • --container: optional string

    Container identifier for reuse across requests.

  • --inference-geo: optional string

    Specifies the geographic region for inference processing. If not specified, the workspace's default_inference_geo is used.

  • --metadata: optional object { user_id }

    An object describing metadata about the request.

  • --output-config: optional object { effort, format }

    Configuration options for the model's output, such as the output format.

  • --service-tier: optional "auto" or "standard_only"

    Determines whether to use priority capacity (if available) or standard capacity for this request.

    Anthropic offers different levels of service for your API requests. See service-tiers for details.

  • --stop-sequence: optional array of string

    Custom text sequences that will cause the model to stop generating.

    Our models will normally stop when they have naturally completed their turn, which will result in a response stop_reason of "end_turn".

    If you want the model to stop generating when it encounters custom strings of text, you can use the stop_sequences parameter. If the model encounters one of the custom sequences, the response stop_reason value will be "stop_sequence" and the response stop_sequence value will contain the matched stop sequence.

  • --system: optional string or array of TextBlockParam

    System prompt.

    A system prompt is a way of providing context and instructions to Claude, such as specifying a particular goal or role. See our guide to system prompts.

  • --temperature: optional number

    Amount of randomness injected into the response.

    Defaults to 1.0. Ranges from 0.0 to 1.0. Use temperature closer to 0.0 for analytical / multiple choice, and closer to 1.0 for creative and generative tasks.

    Note that even with temperature of 0.0, the results will not be fully deterministic.

  • --thinking: optional ThinkingConfigEnabled or ThinkingConfigDisabled or ThinkingConfigAdaptive

    Configuration for enabling Claude's extended thinking.

    When enabled, responses include thinking content blocks showing Claude's thinking process before the final answer. Requires a minimum budget of 1,024 tokens and counts towards your max_tokens limit.

    See extended thinking for details.

  • --tool-choice: optional ToolChoiceAuto or ToolChoiceAny or ToolChoiceTool or ToolChoiceNone

    How the model should use the provided tools. The model can use a specific tool, any available tool, decide by itself, or not use tools at all.

  • --tool: optional array of ToolUnion

    Definitions of tools that the model may use.

    If you include tools in your API request, the model may return tool_use content blocks that represent the model's use of those tools. You can then run those tools using the tool input generated by the model and then optionally return results back to the model using tool_result content blocks.

    There are two types of tools: client tools and server tools. The behavior described below applies to client tools. For server tools, see their individual documentation as each has its own behavior (e.g., the web search tool).

    Each tool definition includes:

    • name: Name of the tool.
    • description: Optional, but strongly-recommended description of the tool.
    • input_schema: JSON schema for the tool input shape that the model will produce in tool_use output content blocks.

    For example, if you defined tools as:

    [
  {
    "name": "get_stock_price",
    "description": "Get the current stock price for a given ticker symbol.",
    "input_schema": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "ticker": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "The stock ticker symbol, e.g. AAPL for Apple Inc."
        }
      },
      "required": ["ticker"]
    }
  }
]

    And then asked the model "What's the S&P 500 at today?", the model might produce tool_use content blocks in the response like this:

    [
  {
    "type": "tool_use",
    "id": "toolu_01D7FLrfh4GYq7yT1ULFeyMV",
    "name": "get_stock_price",
    "input": { "ticker": "^GSPC" }
  }
]

    You might then run your get_stock_price tool with {"ticker": "^GSPC"} as an input, and return the following back to the model in a subsequent user message:

    [
  {
    "type": "tool_result",
    "tool_use_id": "toolu_01D7FLrfh4GYq7yT1ULFeyMV",
    "content": "259.75 USD"
  }
]

    Tools can be used for workflows that include running client-side tools and functions, or more generally whenever you want the model to produce a particular JSON structure of output.

    See our guide for more details.

  • --top-k: optional number

    Only sample from the top K options for each subsequent token.

    Used to remove "long tail" low probability responses. Learn more technical details here.

    Recommended for advanced use cases only. You usually only need to use temperature.

  • --top-p: optional number

    Use nucleus sampling.

    In nucleus sampling, we compute the cumulative distribution over all the options for each subsequent token in decreasing probability order and cut it off once it reaches a particular probability specified by top_p. You should either alter temperature or top_p, but not both.

    Recommended for advanced use cases only. You usually only need to use temperature.

Returns

  • message: object { id, container, content, 7 more }

    • id: string

      Unique object identifier.

      The format and length of IDs may change over time.

    • container: object { id, expires_at }

      Information about the container used in the request (for the code execution tool)

      • id: string

        Identifier for the container used in this request

      • expires_at: string

        The time at which the container will expire.

    • content: array of ContentBlock

      Content generated by the model.

      This is an array of content blocks, each of which has a type that determines its shape.

      Example:

      [{"type": "text", "text": "Hi, I'm Claude."}]

      If the request input messages ended with an assistant turn, then the response content will continue directly from that last turn. You can use this to constrain the model's output.

      For example, if the input messages were:

      [
  {"role": "user", "content": "What's the Greek name for Sun? (A) Sol (B) Helios (C) Sun"},
  {"role": "assistant", "content": "The best answer is ("}
]

      Then the response content might be:

      [{"type": "text", "text": "B)"}]

      • text_block: object { citations, text, type }

        • citations: array of TextCitation

          Citations supporting the text block.

          The type of citation returned will depend on the type of document being cited. Citing a PDF results in page_location, plain text results in char_location, and content document results in content_block_location.

          • citation_char_location: object { cited_text, document_index, document_title, 4 more }

            • cited_text: string

            • document_index: number

            • document_title: string

            • end_char_index: number

            • file_id: string

            • start_char_index: number

            • type: "char_location"

          • citation_page_location: object { cited_text, document_index, document_title, 4 more }

            • cited_text: string

            • document_index: number

            • document_title: string

            • end_page_number: number

            • file_id: string

            • start_page_number: number

            • type: "page_location"

          • citation_content_block_location: object { cited_text, document_index, document_title, 4 more }

            • cited_text: string

            • document_index: number

            • document_title: string

            • end_block_index: number

            • file_id: string

            • start_block_index: number

            • type: "content_block_location"

          • citations_web_search_result_location: object { cited_text, encrypted_index, title, 2 more }

            • cited_text: string

            • encrypted_index: string

            • title: string

            • type: "web_search_result_location"

            • url: string

          • citations_search_result_location: object { cited_text, end_block_index, search_result_index, 4 more }

            • cited_text: string

            • end_block_index: number

            • search_result_index: number

            • source: string

            • start_block_index: number

            • title: string

            • type: "search_result_location"

        • text: string

        • type: "text"

      • thinking_block: object { signature, thinking, type }

        • signature: string

        • thinking: string

        • type: "thinking"

      • redacted_thinking_block: object { data, type }

        • data: string

        • type: "redacted_thinking"

      • tool_use_block: object { id, caller, input, 2 more }

        • id: string

        • caller: DirectCaller or ServerToolCaller or ServerToolCaller20260120

          Tool invocation directly from the model.

          • direct_caller: object { type }

            Tool invocation directly from the model.

            • type: "direct"

          • server_tool_caller: object { tool_id, type }

            Tool invocation generated by a server-side tool.

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20250825"

          • server_tool_caller_20260120: object { tool_id, type }

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20260120"

        • input: map[unknown]

        • name: string

        • type: "tool_use"

      • server_tool_use_block: object { id, caller, input, 2 more }

        • id: string

        • caller: DirectCaller or ServerToolCaller or ServerToolCaller20260120

          Tool invocation directly from the model.

          • direct_caller: object { type }

            Tool invocation directly from the model.

            • type: "direct"

          • server_tool_caller: object { tool_id, type }

            Tool invocation generated by a server-side tool.

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20250825"

          • server_tool_caller_20260120: object { tool_id, type }

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20260120"

        • input: map[unknown]

        • name: "web_search" or "web_fetch" or "code_execution" or 4 more

          • "web_search"

          • "web_fetch"

          • "code_execution"

          • "bash_code_execution"

          • "text_editor_code_execution"

          • "tool_search_tool_regex"

          • "tool_search_tool_bm25"

        • type: "server_tool_use"

      • web_search_tool_result_block: object { caller, content, tool_use_id, type }

        • caller: DirectCaller or ServerToolCaller or ServerToolCaller20260120

          Tool invocation directly from the model.

          • direct_caller: object { type }

            Tool invocation directly from the model.

            • type: "direct"

          • server_tool_caller: object { tool_id, type }

            Tool invocation generated by a server-side tool.

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20250825"

          • server_tool_caller_20260120: object { tool_id, type }

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20260120"

        • content: WebSearchToolResultError or array of WebSearchResultBlock

          • web_search_tool_result_error: object { error_code, type }

            • error_code: "invalid_tool_input" or "unavailable" or "max_uses_exceeded" or 3 more

              • "invalid_tool_input"

              • "unavailable"

              • "max_uses_exceeded"

              • "too_many_requests"

              • "query_too_long"

              • "request_too_large"

            • type: "web_search_tool_result_error"

          • union_member_1: array of WebSearchResultBlock

            • encrypted_content: string

            • page_age: string

            • title: string

            • type: "web_search_result"

            • url: string

        • tool_use_id: string

        • type: "web_search_tool_result"

      • web_fetch_tool_result_block: object { caller, content, tool_use_id, type }

        • caller: DirectCaller or ServerToolCaller or ServerToolCaller20260120

          Tool invocation directly from the model.

          • direct_caller: object { type }

            Tool invocation directly from the model.

            • type: "direct"

          • server_tool_caller: object { tool_id, type }

            Tool invocation generated by a server-side tool.

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20250825"

          • server_tool_caller_20260120: object { tool_id, type }

            • tool_id: string

            • type: "code_execution_20260120"

        • content: WebFetchToolResultErrorBlock or WebFetchBlock

          • web_fetch_tool_result_error_block: object { error_code, type }

            • error_code: "invalid_tool_input" or "url_too_long" or "url_not_allowed" or 5 more

              • "invalid_tool_input"

              • "url_too_long"

              • "url_not_allowed"

              • "url_not_accessible"

              • "unsupported_content_type"

              • "too_many_requests"

              • "max_uses_exceeded"

              • "unavailable"

            • type: "web_fetch_tool_result_error"

          • web_fetch_block: object { content, retrieved_at, type, url }

            • content: object { citations, source, title, type }

              • citations: object { enabled }

                Citation configuration for the document

                • enabled: boolean

              • source: Base64PDFSource or PlainTextSource

                • base64_pdf_source: object { data, media_type, type }

                  • data: string

                  • media_type: "application/pdf"

                  • type: "base64"

                • plain_text_source: object { data, media_type, type }

                  • data: string

                  • media_type: "text/plain"

                  • type: "text"

              • title: string

                The title of the document

              • type: "document"

            • retrieved_at: string

              ISO 8601 timestamp when the content was retrieved

            • type: "web_fetch_result"

            • url: string

              Fetched content URL

        • tool_use_id: string

        • type: "web_fetch_tool_result"

      • code_execution_tool_result_block: object { content, tool_use_id, type }

        • content: CodeExecutionToolResultError or CodeExecutionResultBlock or EncryptedCodeExecutionResultBlock

          Code execution result with encrypted stdout for PFC + web_search results.

          • code_execution_tool_result_error: object { error_code, type }

            • error_code: "invalid_tool_input" or "unavailable" or "too_many_requests" or "execution_time_exceeded"

              • "invalid_tool_input"

              • "unavailable"

              • "too_many_requests"

              • "execution_time_exceeded"

            • type: "code_execution_tool_result_error"

          • code_execution_result_block: object { content, return_code, stderr, 2 more }

            • content: array of CodeExecutionOutputBlock

              • file_id: string

              • type: "code_execution_output"

            • return_code: number

            • stderr: string

            • stdout: string

            • type: "code_execution_result"

          • encrypted_code_execution_result_block: object { content, encrypted_stdout, return_code, 2 more }

            Code execution result with encrypted stdout for PFC + web_search results.

            • content: array of CodeExecutionOutputBlock

              • file_id: string

              • type: "code_execution_output"

            • encrypted_stdout: string

            • return_code: number

            • stderr: string

            • type: "encrypted_code_execution_result"

        • tool_use_id: string

        • type: "code_execution_tool_result"

      • bash_code_execution_tool_result_block: object { content, tool_use_id, type }

        • content: BashCodeExecutionToolResultError or BashCodeExecutionResultBlock

          • bash_code_execution_tool_result_error: object { error_code, type }

            • error_code: "invalid_tool_input" or "unavailable" or "too_many_requests" or 2 more

              • "invalid_tool_input"

              • "unavailable"

              • "too_many_requests"

              • "execution_time_exceeded"

              • "output_file_too_large"

            • type: "bash_code_execution_tool_result_error"

          • bash_code_execution_result_block: object { content, return_code, stderr, 2 more }

            • content: array of BashCodeExecutionOutputBlock

              • file_id: string

              • type: "bash_code_execution_output"

            • return_code: number

            • stderr: string

            • stdout: string

            • type: "bash_code_execution_result"

        • tool_use_id: string

        • type: "bash_code_execution_tool_result"

      • text_editor_code_execution_tool_result_block: object { content, tool_use_id, type }

        • content: TextEditorCodeExecutionToolResultError or TextEditorCodeExecutionViewResultBlock or TextEditorCodeExecutionCreateResultBlock or TextEditorCodeExecutionStrReplaceResultBlock

          • text_editor_code_execution_tool_result_error: object { error_code, error_message, type }

            • error_code: "invalid_tool_input" or "unavailable" or "too_many_requests" or 2 more

              • "invalid_tool_input"

              • "unavailable"

              • "too_many_requests"

              • "execution_time_exceeded"

              • "file_not_found"

            • error_message: string

            • type: "text_editor_code_execution_tool_result_error"

          • text_editor_code_execution_view_result_block: object { content, file_type, num_lines, 3 more }

            • content: string

            • file_type: "text" or "image" or "pdf"

              • "text"

              • "image"

              • "pdf"

            • num_lines: number

            • start_line: number

            • total_lines: number

            • type: "text_editor_code_execution_view_result"

          • text_editor_code_execution_create_result_block: object { is_file_update, type }

            • is_file_update: boolean

            • type: "text_editor_code_execution_create_result"

          • text_editor_code_execution_str_replace_result_block: object { lines, new_lines, new_start, 3 more }

            • lines: array of string

            • new_lines: number

            • new_start: number

            • old_lines: number

            • old_start: number

            • type: "text_editor_code_execution_str_replace_result"

        • tool_use_id: string

        • type: "text_editor_code_execution_tool_result"

      • tool_search_tool_result_block: object { content, tool_use_id, type }

        • content: ToolSearchToolResultError or ToolSearchToolSearchResultBlock

          • tool_search_tool_result_error: object { error_code, error_message, type }

            • error_code: "invalid_tool_input" or "unavailable" or "too_many_requests" or "execution_time_exceeded"

              • "invalid_tool_input"

              • "unavailable"

              • "too_many_requests"

              • "execution_time_exceeded"

            • error_message: string

            • type: "tool_search_tool_result_error"

          • tool_search_tool_search_result_block: object { tool_references, type }

            • tool_references: array of ToolReferenceBlock

              • tool_name: string

              • type: "tool_reference"

            • type: "tool_search_tool_search_result"

        • tool_use_id: string

        • type: "tool_search_tool_result"

      • container_upload_block: object { file_id, type }

        Response model for a file uploaded to the container.

        • file_id: string

        • type: "container_upload"

    • model: "claude-opus-4-7" or "claude-mythos-preview" or "claude-opus-4-6" or 14 more or string

      The model that will complete your prompt.

      See models for additional details and options.

      • "claude-opus-4-7"

        Frontier intelligence for long-running agents and coding

      • "claude-mythos-preview"

        New class of intelligence, strongest in coding and cybersecurity

      • "claude-opus-4-6"

        Frontier intelligence for long-running agents and coding

      • "claude-sonnet-4-6"

        Best combination of speed and intelligence

      • "claude-haiku-4-5"

        Fastest model with near-frontier intelligence

      • "claude-haiku-4-5-20251001"

        Fastest model with near-frontier intelligence

      • "claude-opus-4-5"

        Premium model combining maximum intelligence with practical performance

      • "claude-opus-4-5-20251101"

        Premium model combining maximum intelligence with practical performance

      • "claude-sonnet-4-5"

        High-performance model for agents and coding

      • "claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929"

        High-performance model for agents and coding

      • "claude-opus-4-1"

        Exceptional model for specialized complex tasks

      • "claude-opus-4-1-20250805"

        Exceptional model for specialized complex tasks

      • "claude-opus-4-0"

        Powerful model for complex tasks

      • "claude-opus-4-20250514"

        Powerful model for complex tasks

      • "claude-sonnet-4-0"

        High-performance model with extended thinking

      • "claude-sonnet-4-20250514"

        High-performance model with extended thinking

      • "claude-3-haiku-20240307"

        Fast and cost-effective model

    • role: "assistant"

      Conversational role of the generated message.

      This will always be "assistant".

    • stop_details: object { category, explanation, type }

      Structured information about a refusal.

      • category: "cyber" or "bio"

        The policy category that triggered the refusal.

        null when the refusal doesn't map to a named category.

        • "cyber"

        • "bio"

      • explanation: string

        Human-readable explanation of the refusal.

        This text is not guaranteed to be stable. null when no explanation is available for the category.

      • type: "refusal"

    • stop_reason: "end_turn" or "max_tokens" or "stop_sequence" or 3 more

      The reason that we stopped.

      This may be one the following values:

      • "end_turn": the model reached a natural stopping point
      • "max_tokens": we exceeded the requested max_tokens or the model's maximum
      • "stop_sequence": one of your provided custom stop_sequences was generated
      • "tool_use": the model invoked one or more tools
      • "pause_turn": we paused a long-running turn. You may provide the response back as-is in a subsequent request to let the model continue.
      • "refusal": when streaming classifiers intervene to handle potential policy violations

      In non-streaming mode this value is always non-null. In streaming mode, it is null in the message_start event and non-null otherwise.

      • "end_turn"

      • "max_tokens"

      • "stop_sequence"

      • "tool_use"

      • "pause_turn"

      • "refusal"

    • stop_sequence: string

      Which custom stop sequence was generated, if any.

      This value will be a non-null string if one of your custom stop sequences was generated.

    • type: "message"

      Object type.

      For Messages, this is always "message".

    • usage: object { cache_creation, cache_creation_input_tokens, cache_read_input_tokens, 5 more }

      Billing and rate-limit usage.

      Anthropic's API bills and rate-limits by token counts, as tokens represent the underlying cost to our systems.

      Under the hood, the API transforms requests into a format suitable for the model. The model's output then goes through a parsing stage before becoming an API response. As a result, the token counts in usage will not match one-to-one with the exact visible content of an API request or response.

      For example, output_tokens will be non-zero, even for an empty string response from Claude.

      Total input tokens in a request is the summation of input_tokens, cache_creation_input_tokens, and cache_read_input_tokens.

      • cache_creation: object { ephemeral_1h_input_tokens, ephemeral_5m_input_tokens }

        Breakdown of cached tokens by TTL

        • ephemeral_1h_input_tokens: number

          The number of input tokens used to create the 1 hour cache entry.

        • ephemeral_5m_input_tokens: number

          The number of input tokens used to create the 5 minute cache entry.

      • cache_creation_input_tokens: number

        The number of input tokens used to create the cache entry.

      • cache_read_input_tokens: number

        The number of input tokens read from the cache.

      • inference_geo: string

        The geographic region where inference was performed for this request.

      • input_tokens: number

        The number of input tokens which were used.

      • output_tokens: number

        The number of output tokens which were used.

      • server_tool_use: object { web_fetch_requests, web_search_requests }

        The number of server tool requests.

        • web_fetch_requests: number

          The number of web fetch tool requests.

        • web_search_requests: number

          The number of web search tool requests.

      • service_tier: "standard" or "priority" or "batch"

        If the request used the priority, standard, or batch tier.

        • "standard"

        • "priority"

        • "batch"

Example

ant messages create \
  --api-key my-anthropic-api-key \
  --max-tokens 1024 \
  --message '{content: [{text: x, type: text}], role: user}' \
  --model claude-opus-4-6
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