feat: 启动参数超时和日志保留天数改用下拉预设选择

将 test.yml 的 check job 从单平台 ubuntu 改为 ubuntu/macos/windows 三平台并行，
Linux 额外安装 libayatana-appindicator3-dev 以支持 systray CGo 编译。

.claude/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "tdesign-mcp-server": {
+      "command": "bunx",
+      "args": ["tdesign-mcp-server@latest"]
+    }
+  }
+}

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+charset = utf-8

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+* text=auto eol=lf
+assets/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/**/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/*.icns filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/**/*.icns filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/*.ico filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/**/*.ico filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+frontend/public/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+frontend/public/**/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [dev, master]
+  pull_request:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: Check
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/test.yml

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*.*.*'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  prepare:
+    name: Prepare Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Verify tag and VERSION
+        id: version
+        run: |
+          version=$(go run ./versionctl print)
+          go run ./versionctl verify-tag "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          printf 'version=%s\n' "$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  test-gate:
+    name: Test Gate
+    needs: prepare
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/test.yml
+    with:
+      full: true
+
+  build-web:
+    name: Build Web Asset
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Preflight web release toolchain
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build web release asset
+        run: make release-assets-web
+
+      - name: Upload web release asset
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-web
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  build-linux:
+    name: Build Linux ${{ matrix.arch }} Assets
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            runner: ubuntu-latest
+          - arch: arm64
+            runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Install Linux desktop and package dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y curl file libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgtk-3-dev rpm
+
+      - name: Preflight Linux release toolchain
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          printf 'runner arch: %s\n' "$(uname -m)"
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          command -v gcc
+          gcc --version
+          command -v pkg-config
+          pkg-config --modversion ayatana-appindicator3-0.1
+          pkg-config --modversion gtk+-3.0
+          command -v curl
+          command -v dpkg-deb
+          dpkg-deb --version
+          command -v rpmbuild
+          rpmbuild --version
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build Linux release assets
+        run: make release-assets-linux
+
+      - name: Upload Linux release assets
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build Windows ${{ matrix.arch }} Assets
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            runner: windows-latest
+            msystem: MINGW64
+            cc: gcc
+            cxx: g++
+            packages: >-
+              make
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2 toolchain
+        uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+        with:
+          msystem: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
+          path-type: inherit
+          update: true
+          install: ${{ matrix.packages }}
+
+      - name: Preflight Windows release toolchain
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        env:
+          CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+          CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          command -v make
+          make --version
+          command -v "$CC"
+          "$CC" --version
+          command -v "$CXX"
+          "$CXX" --version
+          command -v windres
+          windres --version
+          if command -v powershell.exe >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            powershell.exe -NoProfile -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()'
+          else
+            command -v powershell
+            powershell -NoProfile -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()'
+          fi
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build Windows release assets
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        env:
+          CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+          CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+        run: make release-assets-windows
+
+      - name: Upload Windows release assets
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-windows-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  build-macos:
+    name: Build macOS Assets
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Preflight macOS release toolchain
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          printf 'runner arch: %s\n' "$(uname -m)"
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          command -v ditto
+          command -v hdiutil
+          xcrun --find lipo
+          xcrun --find vtool
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build macOS release assets
+        run: make release-assets-macos
+
+      - name: Upload macOS release assets
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-macos
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  draft-release:
+    name: Create Draft Release
+    needs: [prepare, build-web, build-linux, build-windows, build-macos]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Download release assets
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: release-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+          path: dist
+
+      - name: Generate checksums
+        run: make release-assets-checksums RELEASE_DIR=dist
+
+      - name: Publish draft release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          name: v${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          draft: true
+          files: |
+            dist/*

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+name: Test (Full)
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      full:
+        description: "Run full test suite including MySQL and E2E"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: Check (${{ matrix.os }})
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Install Linux system dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y libayatana-appindicator3-dev
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: make lint
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: make test
+
+  mysql:
+    name: MySQL Tests
+    if: inputs.full
+    needs: check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    services:
+      mysql:
+        image: mysql:8.0
+        env:
+          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: testpass
+          MYSQL_DATABASE: nex_test
+          MYSQL_USER: nex_test
+          MYSQL_PASSWORD: testpass
+        ports:
+          - 13306:3306
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd="mysqladmin ping -h localhost -u root -ptestpass"
+          --health-interval=3s
+          --health-timeout=5s
+          --health-retries=10
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: MySQL tests
+        run: cd backend && go test -tags=mysql ./tests/mysql/... -v -count=1
+
+  e2e:
+    name: E2E Tests
+    if: inputs.full
+    needs: check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Install Playwright browsers
+        run: cd frontend && bunx playwright install --with-deps chromium
+
+      - name: E2E tests
+        run: cd frontend && bun run test:e2e

.gitignore

@@ -399,9 +399,21 @@ env/
 cython_debug/
 
 # Custom
-.claude
+.claude/*
+!.claude/settings.json
 .opencode
+.codex
 openspec/changes/archive
 temp
 .agents
-skills-lock.json
+skills-lock.json
+.worktrees
+!scripts/build/
+backend/bin
+backend/server
+backend/desktop
+
+# Embedfs generated
+embedfs/assets/
+embedfs/frontend-dist/
+backend/cmd/desktop/rsrc_windows_*.syso

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+    "files.eol": "\n"
+}

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
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Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,520 @@
+.PHONY: \
+	lint test clean hooks-install hooks-check hooks-test \
+	version-sync version-check version-bump \
+	server-run server-build server-lint server-test server-clean \
+	desktop-build-mac desktop-build-win desktop-build-linux \
+	desktop-lint desktop-test desktop-clean \
+	release-assets-check release-assets-web release-assets-linux release-assets-windows release-assets-macos release-assets-checksums \
+	release-assets-server-linux release-assets-server-windows release-assets-server-macos \
+	release-assets-desktop-linux release-assets-desktop-windows release-assets-desktop-macos \
+	_backend-lint _backend-test _backend-clean _backend-build \
+	_versionctl-lint _versionctl-test \
+	_frontend-install _frontend-build _frontend-check _frontend-test _frontend-dev _frontend-clean \
+	_hooks-pre-commit _check-clean-worktree \
+	_desktop-test _desktop-clean _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs _desktop-prepare-windows-resource \
+	_server-run-backend _server-run-frontend \
+	_check-linux-target-arch _check-windows-target-arch _ensure-appimagetool \
+	_package-linux-tar _package-linux-appimage _package-linux-deb _package-linux-rpm \
+	_package-macos-zip _package-macos-dmg
+
+# Delay shell lookups until a target needs them, then cache the result for this make run.
+lazy_shell = $(or $($(1)),$(eval $(1) := $(shell $(2)))$($(1)))
+
+VERSION = $(call lazy_shell,_VERSION,go run ./versionctl print)
+GIT_COMMIT ?= $(call lazy_shell,_GIT_COMMIT,git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || printf 'unknown')
+BUILD_TIME ?= $(call lazy_shell,_BUILD_TIME,date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+TARGET_ARCH ?= $(call lazy_shell,_TARGET_ARCH,go env GOARCH)
+GO_LDFLAGS = -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.version=$(VERSION) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.commit=$(GIT_COMMIT) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.buildTime=$(BUILD_TIME)
+GO_LDFLAGS_WIN = $(GO_LDFLAGS) -H=windowsgui
+RELEASE_DIR ?= build/release
+LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY = build/nex-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH)
+WINDOWS_DESKTOP_BINARY = build/nex-win-$(TARGET_ARCH).exe
+WINDOWS_SERVER_BINARY = build/nex-server-windows-$(TARGET_ARCH).exe
+WINDRES ?= windres
+
+ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm64)
+APPIMAGE_ARCH := aarch64
+DEB_ARCH := arm64
+RPM_ARCH := aarch64
+else
+APPIMAGE_ARCH := x86_64
+DEB_ARCH := amd64
+RPM_ARCH := x86_64
+endif
+
+WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_BFD := pe-x86-64
+WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_LLVM := x86_64-w64-mingw32
+WINDOWS_RESOURCE := rsrc_windows_amd64.syso
+
+APPIMAGETOOL_PATH := build/tools/appimagetool-$(APPIMAGE_ARCH).AppImage
+APPIMAGETOOL_URL ?= https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases/download/continuous/appimagetool-$(APPIMAGE_ARCH).AppImage
+APPIMAGETOOL ?= $(APPIMAGETOOL_PATH)
+
+# ============================================
+# 全局命令
+# ============================================
+
+lint: _backend-lint _frontend-check _versionctl-lint
+	@printf 'Lint complete\n'
+
+test: _backend-test _frontend-test _desktop-test _versionctl-test
+	@printf 'All tests passed\n'
+
+clean: _backend-clean _frontend-clean _desktop-clean
+	@printf 'Clean complete\n'
+
+# ============================================
+# Git hooks
+# ============================================
+
+hooks-install:
+	@hooks_dir=$$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks); \
+	mkdir -p "$$hooks_dir"; \
+	for hook in pre-commit commit-msg prepare-commit-msg; do \
+		src="scripts/git-hooks/$$hook"; \
+		if [ ! -f "$$src" ]; then \
+			printf 'ERROR: source hook not found: %s\n' "$$src" >&2; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+		cp "$$src" "$$hooks_dir/$$hook"; \
+		chmod +x "$$hooks_dir/$$hook"; \
+	done; \
+	printf 'Installed Git hooks to %s\n' "$$hooks_dir"
+
+hooks-check:
+	@hooks_dir=$$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks); \
+	status=0; \
+	for hook in pre-commit commit-msg prepare-commit-msg; do \
+		if [ -x "$$hooks_dir/$$hook" ]; then \
+			printf 'OK: %s\n' "$$hook"; \
+		else \
+			printf 'MISSING: %s (%s/%s)\n' "$$hook" "$$hooks_dir" "$$hook"; \
+			status=1; \
+		fi; \
+	done; \
+	exit $$status
+
+hooks-test:
+	@scripts/git-hooks/test-hooks.sh
+
+_hooks-pre-commit:
+	@set -ef; \
+	staged_files=$$(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACM); \
+	if [ -z "$$staged_files" ]; then \
+		printf 'No staged files to check\n'; \
+		exit 0; \
+	fi; \
+	run_backend_lint=; \
+	run_versionctl_lint=; \
+	run_frontend_check=; \
+	lfs_patterns=$$(grep 'filter=lfs' .gitattributes 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $$1}' || true); \
+	for file in $$staged_files; do \
+		[ -n "$$file" ] || continue; \
+		if git show ":$$file" 2>/dev/null | grep -Eq '^(<<<<<<<|=======|>>>>>>>)'; then \
+			printf 'Found conflict markers in staged file: %s\n' "$$file" >&2; \
+			printf 'Resolve conflict markers before committing.\n' >&2; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+		size=$$(git cat-file -s ":$$file" 2>/dev/null || printf '0'); \
+		if [ "$$size" -gt 512000 ] 2>/dev/null; then \
+			if git show ":$$file" 2>/dev/null | LC_ALL=C grep -Iq .; then \
+				printf 'Warning: large staged text file (%s bytes): %s\n' "$$size" "$$file" >&2; \
+			fi; \
+		fi; \
+		if [ -n "$$lfs_patterns" ]; then \
+			for lfs_pat in $$lfs_patterns; do \
+				case "$$file" in $$lfs_pat) \
+					content=$$(git show ":$$file" 2>/dev/null | head -1); \
+					case "$$content" in \
+						"version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1"*) ;; \
+						*) \
+							printf 'LFS-tracked file not using LFS pointer: %s\n' "$$file" >&2; \
+							printf 'Run "git lfs install" and re-add this file.\n' >&2; \
+							exit 1; \
+							;; \
+					esac; \
+					break; \
+					;; \
+				esac; \
+			done; \
+		fi; \
+		case "$$file" in \
+			backend/*.go) run_backend_lint=1 ;; \
+			versionctl/*.go) run_versionctl_lint=1 ;; \
+			frontend/*.ts|frontend/*.tsx|frontend/*.scss) run_frontend_check=1 ;; \
+		esac; \
+	done; \
+	if [ -n "$$run_backend_lint" ]; then \
+		printf 'Running backend lint...\n'; \
+		$(MAKE) _backend-lint; \
+	fi; \
+	if [ -n "$$run_versionctl_lint" ]; then \
+		printf 'Running versionctl lint...\n'; \
+		$(MAKE) _versionctl-lint; \
+	fi; \
+	if [ -n "$$run_frontend_check" ]; then \
+		printf 'Running frontend check...\n'; \
+		$(MAKE) _frontend-check; \
+	fi; \
+	printf 'Pre-commit checks passed\n'
+
+# ============================================
+# 版本管理
+# ============================================
+
+version-sync:
+	go run ./versionctl sync
+
+version-check:
+	go run ./versionctl check
+
+version-bump: BUMP ?= patch
+version-bump: lint test _check-clean-worktree
+	@set -e; \
+	bump_arg="$(if $(SET_VERSION),$(SET_VERSION),$(BUMP))"; \
+	new_version=$$(go run ./versionctl bump "$$bump_arg"); \
+	git add VERSION frontend/; \
+	git commit -m "chore: 版本升迁 v$$new_version"; \
+	git tag "v$$new_version"; \
+	printf '版本升迁完成: v%s\n' "$$new_version"
+
+_check-clean-worktree:
+	@if [ -n "$$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then \
+		printf '工作区不干净，请先提交或清理改动后再执行版本升迁。\n' >&2; \
+		git status --short; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+# ============================================
+# Server 模式
+# ============================================
+
+server-run:
+	@$(MAKE) -j2 _server-run-backend _server-run-frontend
+
+server-build: version-check _backend-build _frontend-build
+	@printf 'Server build complete\n'
+
+server-lint: _backend-lint _frontend-check
+	@printf 'Server lint complete\n'
+
+server-test: _backend-test _frontend-test
+	@printf 'Server tests passed\n'
+
+server-clean: _backend-clean _frontend-clean
+	@printf 'Server artifacts cleaned\n'
+
+_server-run-backend:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend run
+
+_server-run-frontend: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run dev
+
+# ============================================
+# Desktop 模式
+# ============================================
+
+desktop-build-mac: version-check _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs
+	@printf 'Building macOS desktop...\n'
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-mac-arm64 ./cmd/desktop
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-mac-amd64 ./cmd/desktop
+	lipo -create build/nex-mac-arm64 build/nex-mac-amd64 -output build/nex-mac-universal
+	lipo -info build/nex-mac-universal | grep -q 'x86_64 arm64'
+	rm -f build/nex-mac-arm64 build/nex-mac-amd64
+	@printf 'Packaging macOS app bundle...\n'
+	rm -rf build/Nex.app
+	mkdir -p build/Nex.app/Contents/MacOS build/Nex.app/Contents/Resources
+	cp build/nex-mac-universal build/Nex.app/Contents/MacOS/nex
+	@if [ -f assets/icon.icns ]; then \
+		cp assets/icon.icns build/Nex.app/Contents/Resources/; \
+	else \
+		printf 'Missing assets/icon.icns\n'; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+	@MIN_MACOS_VERSION=$$(vtool -show-build build/nex-mac-universal | awk '/minos / {print $$2; exit}'); \
+	if [ -z "$$MIN_MACOS_VERSION" ]; then \
+		printf 'Unable to read macOS minimum version\n'; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi; \
+	go run ./versionctl macos-plist "$$MIN_MACOS_VERSION" > build/Nex.app/Contents/Info.plist
+	chmod +x build/Nex.app/Contents/MacOS/nex
+	@printf 'macOS desktop build complete\n'
+
+desktop-build-win: version-check _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs _desktop-prepare-windows-resource _check-windows-target-arch
+	@printf 'Building Windows desktop $(TARGET_ARCH)...\n'
+	mkdir -p build
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS_WIN)" -o ../$(WINDOWS_DESKTOP_BINARY) ./cmd/desktop
+	@printf 'Windows desktop build complete\n'
+
+desktop-build-linux: version-check _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs _check-linux-target-arch
+	@printf 'Building Linux desktop $(TARGET_ARCH)...\n'
+	mkdir -p build
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../$(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY) ./cmd/desktop
+	@printf 'Linux desktop build complete\n'
+
+desktop-lint: _backend-lint _frontend-check
+	@printf 'Desktop lint complete\n'
+
+desktop-test: _desktop-test
+	@printf 'Desktop tests passed\n'
+
+desktop-clean: _desktop-clean
+	@printf 'Desktop artifacts cleaned\n'
+
+_desktop-test:
+	cd backend && go test ./cmd/desktop/... -v
+
+_desktop-clean:
+	rm -rf build/ embedfs/assets embedfs/frontend-dist backend/cmd/desktop/rsrc_windows_amd64.syso
+
+_desktop-prepare-frontend: _frontend-install
+	@printf 'Preparing frontend for desktop...\n'
+	cd frontend && cp .env.desktop .env.production.local
+	cd frontend && bun run build
+	rm -f frontend/.env.production.local
+
+_desktop-prepare-embedfs:
+	@printf 'Preparing embedded filesystem...\n'
+	rm -rf embedfs/assets embedfs/frontend-dist
+	cp -r assets embedfs/assets
+	cp -r frontend/dist embedfs/frontend-dist
+
+_desktop-prepare-windows-resource: _check-windows-target-arch
+	@printf 'Preparing Windows $(TARGET_ARCH) executable icon...\n'
+	@WINDRES_CMD="$(WINDRES)"; \
+	WINDRES_FMT="$(WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_BFD)"; \
+	if command -v llvm-windres >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		WINDRES_CMD=llvm-windres; \
+		WINDRES_FMT="$(WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_LLVM)"; \
+	elif "$$WINDRES_CMD" --version 2>&1 | grep -qi LLVM; then \
+		WINDRES_FMT="$(WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_LLVM)"; \
+	fi; \
+	command -v "$$WINDRES_CMD" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { printf 'Missing windres tool: %s\n' "$$WINDRES_CMD"; exit 1; }; \
+	cd backend/cmd/desktop && "$$WINDRES_CMD" -O coff -F "$$WINDRES_FMT" -i icon_windows.rc -o $(WINDOWS_RESOURCE)
+
+# ============================================
+# 发布资产
+# ============================================
+
+release-assets-check:
+	go run ./versionctl release-assets-check
+	@printf 'Release assets check passed\n'
+
+release-assets-web: version-check release-assets-check _frontend-build
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name web tar.gz); \
+	tar -C frontend -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" dist
+
+release-assets-linux: version-check release-assets-check _check-linux-target-arch
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-server-linux TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-desktop-linux TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+
+release-assets-windows: version-check release-assets-check _check-windows-target-arch
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-server-windows TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-desktop-windows TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+
+release-assets-macos: version-check release-assets-check
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-server-macos RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-desktop-macos RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+
+release-assets-server-linux: version-check _check-linux-target-arch
+	mkdir -p build "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-server-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH) ./cmd/server
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server linux $(TARGET_ARCH) tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH)
+
+release-assets-server-windows: version-check _check-windows-target-arch
+	mkdir -p build "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../$(WINDOWS_SERVER_BINARY) ./cmd/server
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server windows $(TARGET_ARCH) zip); \
+	if command -v powershell.exe >/dev/null 2>&1; then POWERSHELL=powershell.exe; else POWERSHELL=powershell; fi; \
+	"$$POWERSHELL" -NoProfile -Command "Compress-Archive -LiteralPath '$(WINDOWS_SERVER_BINARY)' -DestinationPath '$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset' -Force"
+
+release-assets-server-macos: version-check
+	mkdir -p build "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-server-macos-amd64 ./cmd/server
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-server-macos-arm64 ./cmd/server
+	lipo -create build/nex-server-macos-amd64 build/nex-server-macos-arm64 -output build/nex-server-macos-universal
+	lipo -info build/nex-server-macos-universal | grep -q 'x86_64 arm64'
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server macos amd64 tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-macos-amd64
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server macos arm64 tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-macos-arm64
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server macos universal tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-macos-universal
+	rm -f build/nex-server-macos-amd64 build/nex-server-macos-arm64 build/nex-server-macos-universal
+
+release-assets-desktop-linux: version-check release-assets-check desktop-build-linux _package-linux-tar _package-linux-appimage _package-linux-deb _package-linux-rpm
+
+release-assets-desktop-windows: version-check release-assets-check desktop-build-win
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop windows $(TARGET_ARCH) zip); \
+	if command -v powershell.exe >/dev/null 2>&1; then POWERSHELL=powershell.exe; else POWERSHELL=powershell; fi; \
+	"$$POWERSHELL" -NoProfile -Command "Compress-Archive -LiteralPath '$(WINDOWS_DESKTOP_BINARY)' -DestinationPath '$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset' -Force"
+
+release-assets-desktop-macos: version-check release-assets-check desktop-build-mac _package-macos-zip _package-macos-dmg
+	rm -rf build/Nex.app build/dmg
+
+release-assets-checksums:
+	@cd "$(RELEASE_DIR)" && \
+	rm -f SHA256SUMS && \
+	for asset in *; do \
+		[ -f "$$asset" ] || continue; \
+		if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+			sha256sum "$$asset"; \
+		elif command -v shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+			shasum -a 256 "$$asset"; \
+		else \
+			printf 'Missing sha256sum or shasum\n' >&2; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+	done > SHA256SUMS && \
+	test -s SHA256SUMS
+
+_check-linux-target-arch:
+	@if [ "$(TARGET_ARCH)" != "amd64" ] && [ "$(TARGET_ARCH)" != "arm64" ]; then \
+		printf 'Unsupported Linux TARGET_ARCH: %s\n' "$(TARGET_ARCH)"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+_check-windows-target-arch:
+	@if [ "$(TARGET_ARCH)" != "amd64" ]; then \
+		printf 'Unsupported Windows TARGET_ARCH: %s\n' "$(TARGET_ARCH)"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+_ensure-appimagetool:
+	@mkdir -p build/tools
+	@if [ ! -x "$(APPIMAGETOOL)" ]; then \
+		printf 'Downloading appimagetool for %s...\n' "$(APPIMAGE_ARCH)"; \
+		command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1 || { printf 'Missing curl for appimagetool download\n'; exit 1; }; \
+		curl -L "$(APPIMAGETOOL_URL)" -o "$(APPIMAGETOOL)"; \
+		chmod +x "$(APPIMAGETOOL)"; \
+	fi; \
+	printf 'Using appimagetool: %s\n' "$(APPIMAGETOOL)"
+
+_package-linux-tar:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH)
+
+_package-linux-appimage: _ensure-appimagetool
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	appdir="build/appimage/nex-$(TARGET_ARCH).AppDir"; \
+	rm -rf "$$appdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$appdir/usr/bin" "$$appdir/usr/share/applications" "$$appdir/usr/share/icons"; \
+	install -m 0755 "$(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY)" "$$appdir/usr/bin/nex"; \
+	install -m 0644 packaging/linux/nex.desktop "$$appdir/nex.desktop"; \
+	install -m 0644 packaging/linux/nex.desktop "$$appdir/usr/share/applications/nex.desktop"; \
+	install -m 0755 packaging/linux/AppRun "$$appdir/AppRun"; \
+	cp -R assets/icons/hicolor "$$appdir/usr/share/icons/"; \
+	cp assets/icon.png "$$appdir/nex.png"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) AppImage); \
+	ARCH=$(APPIMAGE_ARCH) APPIMAGE_EXTRACT_AND_RUN=1 "$(APPIMAGETOOL)" "$$appdir" "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	chmod +x "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	test -s "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"
+
+_package-linux-deb:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	pkgdir="build/pkg/deb/nex-$(TARGET_ARCH)"; \
+	rm -rf "$$pkgdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$pkgdir/DEBIAN" "$$pkgdir/usr/bin" "$$pkgdir/usr/share/applications" "$$pkgdir/usr/share/icons"; \
+	install -m 0755 "$(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY)" "$$pkgdir/usr/bin/nex"; \
+	install -m 0644 packaging/linux/nex.desktop "$$pkgdir/usr/share/applications/nex.desktop"; \
+	cp -R assets/icons/hicolor "$$pkgdir/usr/share/icons/"; \
+	printf '%s\n' \
+		'Package: nex' \
+		'Version: $(VERSION)' \
+		'Section: utils' \
+		'Priority: optional' \
+		'Architecture: $(DEB_ARCH)' \
+		'Maintainer: Nex Maintainers <noreply@example.com>' \
+		'Depends: libgtk-3-0, libayatana-appindicator3-1, xdg-utils' \
+		'Description: AI Gateway desktop application' \
+		' Nex is an AI Gateway desktop application.' \
+		> "$$pkgdir/DEBIAN/control"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) deb); \
+	dpkg-deb --build --root-owner-group "$$pkgdir" "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	dpkg-deb -I "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" >/dev/null
+
+_package-linux-rpm:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	topdir="$(abspath build/rpmbuild-$(TARGET_ARCH))"; \
+	rm -rf "$$topdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$topdir/BUILD" "$$topdir/BUILDROOT" "$$topdir/RPMS" "$$topdir/SOURCES" "$$topdir/SPECS" "$$topdir/SRPMS"; \
+	rpmbuild -bb --target "$(RPM_ARCH)" \
+		--define "_topdir $$topdir" \
+		--define "nex_version $(VERSION)" \
+		--define "nex_binary $(abspath $(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY))" \
+		--define "nex_desktop_file $(abspath packaging/linux/nex.desktop)" \
+		--define "nex_icons_dir $(abspath assets/icons/hicolor)" \
+		packaging/linux/nex.spec; \
+	rpm_file=$$(find "$$topdir/RPMS" -type f -name '*.rpm' | sort | tail -n 1); \
+	test -n "$$rpm_file"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) rpm); \
+	cp "$$rpm_file" "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	rpm -qip "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" >/dev/null
+
+_package-macos-zip:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop macos universal zip); \
+	ditto -c -k --keepParent build/Nex.app "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"
+
+_package-macos-dmg:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	dmgdir="build/dmg/Nex"; \
+	rm -rf "$$dmgdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$dmgdir"; \
+	cp -R build/Nex.app "$$dmgdir/Nex.app"; \
+	ln -s /Applications "$$dmgdir/Applications"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop macos universal dmg); \
+	hdiutil create -volname Nex -srcfolder "$$dmgdir" -ov -format UDZO "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	hdiutil verify "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" >/dev/null && \
+	rm -rf "$$dmgdir"
+
+# ============================================
+# 共享 helper targets
+# ============================================
+
+_backend-build:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend build
+
+_backend-lint:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend lint
+
+_backend-test:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend test
+
+_backend-clean:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend clean
+
+_versionctl-lint:
+	@$(MAKE) -C versionctl lint
+
+_versionctl-test:
+	@$(MAKE) -C versionctl test
+
+_frontend-install:
+	cd frontend && bun install
+
+_frontend-build: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run build
+
+_frontend-check: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run check
+
+_frontend-test: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run test
+
+_frontend-dev: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run dev
+
+_frontend-clean:
+	rm -rf frontend/dist frontend/.next frontend/coverage frontend/playwright-report frontend/test-results frontend/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo

README.md

@@ -7,13 +7,15 @@
 ```
 nex/
 ├── backend/              # Go 后端服务（分层架构）
-│   ├── cmd/server/       # 主程序入口
+│   ├── cmd/
+│   │   ├── server/       # CLI 主程序入口
+│   │   └── desktop/      # 桌面应用入口
 │   ├── internal/
 │   │   ├── handler/      # HTTP 处理器 + 中间件
 │   │   ├── service/      # 业务逻辑层
 │   │   ├── repository/   # 数据访问层
 │   │   ├── domain/       # 领域模型
-│   │   ├── protocol/     # 协议适配器（OpenAI/Anthropic）
+│   │   ├── conversion/   # 协议转换引擎（OpenAI/Anthropic 适配器）
 │   │   ├── provider/     # 供应商客户端
 │   │   └── config/       # 配置管理
 │   ├── pkg/              # 公共包（logger/errors/validator）
@@ -25,25 +27,37 @@ nex/
 │   │   ├── api/          # API 层（统一请求封装 + 字段转换）
 │   │   ├── hooks/        # TanStack Query hooks
 │   │   ├── components/   # 通用组件（AppLayout）
-│   │   ├── pages/        # 页面（Providers, Stats）
+│   │   ├── pages/        # 页面（Providers, Stats, Settings）
 │   │   ├── routes/       # React Router 路由配置
 │   │   ├── types/        # TypeScript 类型定义
 │   │   └── __tests__/    # 单元测试 + 组件测试
 │   ├── e2e/              # Playwright E2E 测试
 │   └── package.json
 │
+├── assets/               # 应用资源
+│   ├── icon.png          # 托盘图标
+│   ├── icon.icns         # macOS 应用图标
+│   └── icon.ico          # Windows 应用图标
+│
+├── packaging/            # 桌面发布包元数据（Linux desktop entry、RPM spec 等）
+│
 └── README.md             # 本文件
 ```
 
 ## 功能特性
 
 - **双协议支持**：同时支持 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 协议
-- **透明代理**：对 OpenAI 兼容供应商透传请求
-- **流式响应**：完整支持 SSE 流式传输
+- **跨协议转换**：Hub-and-Spoke 架构实现 OpenAI ↔ Anthropic 双向转换
+- **统一模型 ID**：`provider_id/model_name` 格式全局唯一标识模型（如 `openai/gpt-4`）
+- **Smart Passthrough**：同协议请求跳过 Canonical 全量转换，仅在 JSON 层改写 model 字段
+- **流式响应**：完整支持 SSE 流式传输，包括跨协议流式转换
 - **Function Calling**：支持工具调用（Tools）
-- **多供应商管理**：配置和管理多个供应商
+- **Thinking / Reasoning**：支持 OpenAI `reasoning_effort` 和 Anthropic `thinking` 配置
+- **扩展接口**：支持 Embeddings 和 Rerank 接口
+- **多供应商管理**：配置和管理多个供应商（供应商 ID 仅限字母、数字、下划线）
 - **用量统计**：按供应商、模型、日期统计请求数量
 - **Web 配置界面**：提供供应商和模型配置管理
+- **启动参数设置**：通过 Web 界面查看和编辑启动参数（Desktop 可编辑、Server 只读）
 
 ## 技术栈
 
@@ -51,12 +65,26 @@ nex/
 - **语言**: Go 1.26+
 - **HTTP 框架**: Gin
 - **ORM**: GORM
-- **数据库**: SQLite
-- **日志**: zap + lumberjack（结构化日志 + 日志轮转）
-- **配置**: gopkg.in/yaml.v3
+- **数据库**: SQLite / MySQL
+- **日志**: zap + lumberjack（结构化日志 + 日志轮转 + 模块标识）
+- **配置**: Viper + pflag（Server 多层配置，Desktop 配置文件快照）
 - **验证**: go-playground/validator/v10
 - **迁移**: goose
 
+#### 日志模块标识规范
+
+每个模块通过依赖注入获取带模块标识的 logger，日志输出格式为 `[module.name]`：
+
+```
+Console: INFO  [handler.proxy]  处理请求  method=POST path=/v1/chat
+JSON:    {"level":"info","logger":"handler.proxy","msg":"处理请求","method":"POST"}
+```
+
+模块命名规范：
+- 单一职责包：`database`、`config`
+- 多实体包：`handler.proxy`、`service.provider`
+- 子包：`handler.middleware`
+
 ### 前端
 - **运行时**: Bun
 - **构建工具**: Vite
@@ -66,56 +94,144 @@ nex/
 - **图表库**: Recharts
 - **路由**: React Router v7
 - **数据获取**: TanStack Query v5
-- **样式**: SCSS Modules
+- **样式**: TDesign 组件 props 优先，TDesign tokens 次之，SCSS 作为兜底补充
 - **测试**: Vitest + React Testing Library + Playwright
 
 ## 快速开始
 
-### 后端
+### 桌面应用（推荐）
+
+**构建桌面应用**：
 
 ```bash
-cd backend
-go mod download
-go run cmd/server/main.go
+# macOS (arm64 + amd64，并打包为 .app)
+make desktop-build-mac
+
+# Windows
+make desktop-build-win
+
+# Linux
+make desktop-build-linux
+
+# Linux arm64
+make desktop-build-linux TARGET_ARCH=arm64
 ```
 
-后端服务将在 `http://localhost:9826` 启动。首次启动会自动：
-- 创建配置文件 `~/.nex/config.yaml`
+**使用桌面应用**：
+- 双击启动应用（macOS: Nex.app，Windows: nex-win-amd64.exe，Linux: nex-linux-amd64 / nex-linux-arm64）
+- 系统托盘图标出现，浏览器自动打开管理界面
+- 点击托盘图标显示菜单，可打开管理界面或退出
+- 关闭浏览器后服务继续运行，可通过托盘重新打开
+
+**注意事项**：
+- 桌面应用需要 CGO 支持
+- macOS: 自带 Xcode Command Line Tools
+- Linux 构建: 需要 gcc、pkg-config、GTK3 开发包和 Ayatana AppIndicator 开发包（Ubuntu/Debian: `libgtk-3-dev`、`libayatana-appindicator3-dev`）
+- Linux 运行: 需要 GTK3、Ayatana AppIndicator 和 xdg-utils；AppImage 也依赖系统提供 AppImage runtime/FUSE 能力，不承诺完全自包含
+- Windows: 需要对应架构的 MinGW-w64/MSYS2 工具链，desktop 使用 GUI linker flags 隐藏控制台窗口
+- macOS DMG: 发布包暂不签名、不 notarize，首次打开可能出现 Gatekeeper 提示
+
+**Linux 桌面环境兼容性**：
+- GNOME: 需要 AppIndicator 扩展
+- KDE Plasma: 原生支持
+- Xfce: 需要 libappindicator
+- 其他支持 StatusNotifierItem 规范的环境
+
+### Server 模式（前后端分离）
+
+```bash
+make server-run
+```
+
+`make server-run` 会并行启动：
+- 后端服务：`http://localhost:9826`
+- 前端开发服务器：`http://localhost:5173`
+
+前端请求会继续通过 Vite proxy 转发到后端。后端首次启动会自动：
 - 初始化数据库 `~/.nex/config.db`
 - 运行数据库迁移
 - 创建日志目录 `~/.nex/log/`
 
-### 前端
+**构建 server 模式产物**：
 
 ```bash
-cd frontend
-bun install
-bun dev
+make server-build
 ```
 
-前端开发服务器将在 `http://localhost:5173` 启动，API 请求通过 Vite proxy 转发到后端。
+### Release 产物
+
+发布流程由 Git tag `vX.Y.Z` 触发，GitHub Actions 会先通过全流程测试门禁，再构建并创建 Draft Release，上传 server、web 和 desktop 三类产物，同时生成 `SHA256SUMS`。
+
+**server 产物**（不内置 Web 管理界面）：
+
+| 平台 | 产物 |
+|------|------|
+| Linux amd64 | `nex-server_<version>_linux_amd64.tar.gz` |
+| Linux arm64 | `nex-server_<version>_linux_arm64.tar.gz` |
+| macOS amd64 | `nex-server_<version>_macos_amd64.tar.gz` |
+| macOS arm64 | `nex-server_<version>_macos_arm64.tar.gz` |
+| macOS universal | `nex-server_<version>_macos_universal.tar.gz` |
+| Windows amd64 | `nex-server_<version>_windows_amd64.zip` |
+
+**web 产物**：
+
+| 内容 | 产物 |
+|------|------|
+| `frontend/dist` | `nex-web_<version>.tar.gz` |
+
+**desktop 产物**：
+
+| 平台 | 产物 |
+|------|------|
+| Linux amd64 | `nex-desktop_<version>_linux_amd64.tar.gz`、`.AppImage`、`.deb`、`.rpm` |
+| Linux arm64 | `nex-desktop_<version>_linux_arm64.tar.gz`、`.AppImage`、`.deb`、`.rpm` |
+| macOS universal | `nex-desktop_<version>_macos_universal.zip`、`nex-desktop_<version>_macos_universal.dmg` |
+| Windows amd64 | `nex-desktop_<version>_windows_amd64.zip` |
+
+Linux deb 包声明 `libgtk-3-0`、`libayatana-appindicator3-1`、`xdg-utils` 运行依赖；rpm 包声明 `gtk3`、`libayatana-appindicator-gtk3`、`xdg-utils` 运行依赖。Rocky Linux 9 等发行版可能需要启用 EPEL 才能解析 Ayatana AppIndicator 依赖。
+
+server 和 desktop 发布产物自包含运行时数据库迁移资源（通过 `go:embed` 嵌入二进制），安装后首次启动不再依赖仓库源码目录。
 
 ## API 接口
 
 ### 代理接口（对外部应用）
 
-- `POST /v1/chat/completions` - OpenAI Chat Completions API
-- `POST /v1/messages` - Anthropic Messages API
+代理接口统一使用 `/{protocol}/*path` 路由格式，模型 ID 使用 `provider_id/model_name` 格式（如 `openai/gpt-4`）。同协议请求走 Smart Passthrough，最小化 JSON 改写并保持未改写字段的 JSON 内容和类型不变；跨协议请求走完整 decode/encode 转换。
+
+**OpenAI 协议**（`protocol=openai`）：
+- `POST /openai/v1/chat/completions` - 对话补全
+- `GET /openai/v1/models` - 模型列表（本地数据库聚合）
+- `GET /openai/v1/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}` - 模型详情（本地数据库查询）
+- `POST /openai/v1/embeddings` - 嵌入
+- `POST /openai/v1/rerank` - 重排序
+
+**Anthropic 协议**（`protocol=anthropic`）：
+- `POST /anthropic/v1/messages` - 消息对话
+- `GET /anthropic/v1/models` - 模型列表（本地数据库聚合）
+- `GET /anthropic/v1/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}` - 模型详情（本地数据库查询）
+
+路径边界：网关只剥离第一段协议前缀，剩余路径保持协议原生形态交给 adapter。OpenAI adapter 接收 `/v1/chat/completions`、`/v1/models`、`/v1/embeddings`、`/v1/rerank`，并在构建上游 URL 时去掉 `/v1`；Anthropic adapter 接收 `/v1/messages`、`/v1/models`。因此 OpenAI 供应商 `base_url` 配置到版本路径一级（如 `https://api.openai.com/v1`），Anthropic 供应商 `base_url` 配置到域名级（如 `https://api.anthropic.com`）。
+
+代理错误边界：网关层错误统一返回 `{"error":"...","code":"..."}`，例如 `INVALID_JSON`、`MODEL_NOT_FOUND`、`CONVERSION_FAILED`、`UPSTREAM_UNAVAILABLE`。只要上游已经返回 HTTP 响应，非 2xx 的 status、过滤 hop-by-hop header 后的 headers 和 body 会直接透传，不包装为应用错误或协议错误。
+
+模型路由边界：只有 adapter 明确适配的接口会解析请求体中的 `model` 并使用统一模型 ID 路由；未知接口即使包含顶层 `model` 也按无 model 透传处理。
+
+流式边界：同协议无响应 model 改写时原样透传 SSE frame 和 `[DONE]`；同协议需要响应 model 改写时只解析 SSE frame 的 `data` JSON 并改写 `model`；跨协议流式仍走 provider decoder → Canonical stream event → client encoder。
 
 ### 管理接口（对前端）
 
 #### 供应商管理
 - `GET /api/providers` - 列出所有供应商
-- `POST /api/providers` - 创建供应商
+- `POST /api/providers` - 创建供应商（`id` 仅限字母、数字、下划线，长度 1-64）
 - `GET /api/providers/:id` - 获取供应商
-- `PUT /api/providers/:id` - 更新供应商
+- `PUT /api/providers/:id` - 更新供应商（`id` 不可修改）
 - `DELETE /api/providers/:id` - 删除供应商
 
 #### 模型管理
 - `GET /api/models` - 列出模型（支持 `?provider_id=xxx` 过滤）
-- `POST /api/models` - 创建模型
-- `GET /api/models/:id` - 获取模型
-- `PUT /api/models/:id` - 更新模型
+- `POST /api/models` - 创建模型（`id` 由系统自动生成 UUID，`provider_id` + `model_name` 联合唯一）
+- `GET /api/models/:id` - 获取模型（响应含 `unified_id` 字段，格式 `provider_id/model_name`）
+- `PUT /api/models/:id` - 更新模型（不可修改 `id`）
 - `DELETE /api/models/:id` - 删除模型
 
 #### 统计查询
@@ -124,9 +240,29 @@ bun dev
 
 查询参数支持：`provider_id`、`model_name`、`start_date`、`end_date`、`group_by`
 
+#### 启动参数设置
+- `GET /api/settings/startup` - 查询启动参数设置
+- `PUT /api/settings/startup` - 保存启动参数设置（仅 Desktop 模式）
+
+**行为差异**：
+- **Desktop 模式**：查询返回配置文件编辑视图（`~/.nex/config.yaml` + 默认值），允许保存到配置文件，保存后当前运行服务不受影响，需重启 Desktop 生效
+- **Server 模式**：查询返回当前运行有效配置，保存请求始终返回 403
+
+响应包含 `mode`、`editable`、`config_path`、`restart_required` 元数据和完整启动参数配置。Duration 字段使用字符串格式（如 `30s`、`1h`）。
+
+#### 版本信息
+- `GET /api/version` - 获取后端构建版本信息（`version`、`commit`、`build_time`），用于前端 About 页面诊断前后端版本一致性
+
 ## 配置
 
-配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`，首次启动自动生成：
+配置方式取决于启动模式：
+
+- **Server 模式**（`cmd/server`）：支持 CLI 参数 > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值
+- **Desktop 模式**（`cmd/desktop`）：仅支持配置文件 `~/.nex/config.yaml` > 默认值，修改配置文件后需重启 desktop 生效
+
+### 配置文件
+
+配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`。配置文件不存在时使用默认值，不会自动生成；需要自定义时手动创建该文件：
 
 ```yaml
 server:
@@ -135,7 +271,14 @@ server:
   write_timeout: 30s
 
 database:
-  path: ~/.nex/config.db
+  driver: sqlite               # sqlite 或 mysql
+  path: ~/.nex/config.db       # SQLite 数据库文件路径
+  # --- MySQL 配置（driver=mysql 时生效）---
+  # host: localhost
+  # port: 3306
+  # user: nex
+  # password: ""
+  # dbname: nex
   max_idle_conns: 10
   max_open_conns: 100
   conn_max_lifetime: 1h
@@ -149,50 +292,156 @@ log:
   compress: true
 ```
 
-数据文件：
+### 环境变量（仅 Server 模式）
+
+Server 模式下，所有配置项支持环境变量，使用 `NEX_` 前缀：
+
+```bash
+export NEX_SERVER_PORT=9000
+export NEX_DATABASE_PATH=/data/nex.db
+export NEX_LOG_LEVEL=debug
+
+# MySQL 模式
+export NEX_DATABASE_DRIVER=mysql
+export NEX_DATABASE_HOST=db.example.com
+export NEX_DATABASE_PORT=3306
+export NEX_DATABASE_USER=nex
+export NEX_DATABASE_PASSWORD=secret
+export NEX_DATABASE_DBNAME=nex
+```
+
+命名规则：配置路径转大写 + 下划线（如 `server.port` → `NEX_SERVER_PORT`）。
+
+**Desktop 模式不支持环境变量覆盖。**Desktop 仅从 `~/.nex/config.yaml` 和默认值读取配置。
+
+### CLI 参数（仅 Server 模式）
+
+Server 模式下，支持命令行参数：
+
+```bash
+./server --server-port 9000 --log-level debug --database-path /tmp/test.db
+```
+
+命名规则：配置路径转 kebab-case（如 `server.port` → `--server-port`）。
+
+**Desktop 不支持命令行参数覆盖配置。**Desktop 忽略所有 CLI 参数，仅从 `~/.nex/config.yaml` 读取。
+
+### 数据文件
+
 - `~/.nex/config.yaml` - 配置文件
-- `~/.nex/config.db` - SQLite 数据库
+- `~/.nex/config.db` - SQLite 数据库（MySQL 模式下不使用本地数据库文件）
 - `~/.nex/log/` - 日志目录
 
 ## 测试
 
-### 后端测试
-
 ```bash
-cd backend
-make test              # 运行所有测试
-make test-coverage     # 生成覆盖率报告
+# 全局默认测试（不含 MySQL 和前端 E2E）
+make test
+
+# 产品级测试
+make server-test
+make desktop-test
 ```
 
-### 前端测试
-
-```bash
-cd frontend
-bun run test            # 单元测试 + 组件测试
-bun run test:watch      # 监听模式
-bun run test:coverage   # 生成覆盖率报告
-bun run test:e2e        # E2E 测试
-```
+backend 分类测试、MySQL 专项测试和前端 E2E 测试请分别查看 `backend/README.md` 与 `frontend/README.md`。
 
 ## 开发
 
-### 后端开发
-
 ```bash
-cd backend
-make build              # 构建
-make lint               # 代码检查
-make migrate-up         # 数据库迁移
+# 首次克隆后安装 Git hooks
+make hooks-install
+
+# 检查 Git hooks 安装状态
+make hooks-check
+
+# 运行 Git hooks 回归测试
+make hooks-test
+
+# 全局命令
+make lint                       # 前后端共享检查
+make test                       # 默认全量测试（不含 MySQL/E2E）
+make clean                      # 清理所有构建产物和测试报告
+
+# server 模式
+make server-run                 # 并行启动后端和前端开发服务
+make server-build               # 构建 backend/bin/server 和 frontend/dist
+make server-lint                # server 模式检查
+make server-test                # server 模式测试
+make server-clean               # 清理 server 模式产物
+
+# desktop 模式
+make desktop-build-mac          # 构建 macOS 桌面应用
+make desktop-build-win          # 构建 Windows 桌面应用
+make desktop-build-linux        # 构建 Linux 桌面应用
+make desktop-lint               # desktop 模式检查
+make desktop-test               # desktop 专属测试
+make desktop-clean              # 清理 desktop 产物
 ```
 
-### 前端开发
+Git hooks 使用仓库内 `scripts/git-hooks/` 的原生脚本，不依赖额外 hook 框架。当前 hooks 包含：
+
+- pre-commit：检查 staged files 的冲突标记、大文件告警和 LFS 指针，并按文件类型委托后端、versionctl、前端检查
+- prepare-commit-msg：在编辑器打开时提供提交信息模板，辅助填写 `类型: 简短描述` 和多行说明
+- commit-msg：校验提交信息格式为 `类型: 简短描述`，多行说明需在首行后保留空行；提交描述按项目规范使用中文，hook 不做字符集检测
+
+## 版本与发布
+
+### 统一版本源
+
+- 仓库根目录 `VERSION` 是全仓唯一版本源，格式固定为 `x.y.z`
+- `frontend/package.json` 和前端 `.env.*` 中的 `VITE_APP_VERSION` 由仓库工具同步，不能手工漂移
+
+### 本地版本演进
 
 ```bash
-cd frontend
-bun run build           # 构建生产版本
-bun run lint            # 代码检查
+# 递增版本（自动 lint + test + 工作区检查 + sync/check + commit + tag）
+make version-bump BUMP=minor
+
+# 或指定具体版本号
+make version-bump SET_VERSION=1.0.0
+
+# 推送到远程
+git push --follow-tags
 ```
 
+手动同步和校验：
+
+```bash
+make version-sync
+make version-check
+```
+
+### 本地生成发布资产
+
+```bash
+# Linux: server + desktop
+make release-assets-linux
+
+# Windows: server + desktop（需在 Windows 环境执行）
+make release-assets-windows
+
+# macOS: darwin-amd64 server、darwin-arm64 server、desktop universal
+make release-assets-macos
+```
+
+生成的版本化发布资产位于 `build/release/`。
+
+### GitHub Draft Release
+
+- 推送 `vX.Y.Z` tag 后，`.github/workflows/release.yml` 会自动执行发布流水线
+- 流水线会先校验 tag 与 `VERSION` 一致，再执行全流程测试门禁（lint、默认测试、MySQL 测试、E2E 测试），测试不通过则阻止构建
+- 测试通过后，三个平台 job 并行构建，各 job 会在正式构建前先检查 `go`、`bun` 和各自的平台打包工具链，缺失时快速失败并在日志中输出诊断信息
+- Windows 发布 job 在 `MSYS2 / MINGW64` shell 中执行，并继承 `setup-go` / `setup-bun` 准备好的工具链路径
+- 构建以下资产并上传到 GitHub Draft Release：
+  - Linux server
+  - Windows server
+  - darwin-amd64 server
+  - darwin-arm64 server
+  - Linux desktop
+  - Windows desktop
+  - macOS desktop universal
+- Release 默认以 Draft 形式创建，需人工检查后再公开发布
+
 ## 开发规范
 
 详见各子项目的 README.md：
@@ -201,4 +450,4 @@ bun run lint            # 代码检查
 
 ## 许可证
 
-MIT
+Apache License 2.0

VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0.1.7

backend/.golangci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+run:
+  timeout: 5m
+  tests: true
+
+linters:
+  disable-all: true
+  enable:
+    - forbidigo
+    - errorlint
+    - errcheck
+    - staticcheck
+    - revive
+    - gocritic
+    - gosec
+    - bodyclose
+    - noctx
+    - nilerr
+    - goimports
+    - gocyclo
+
+linters-settings:
+  errcheck:
+    check-blank: true
+    check-type-assertions: true
+    exclude-functions:
+      - fmt.Fprintf
+  forbidigo:
+    analyze-types: true
+    forbid:
+      - p: '^fmt\.Print.*$'
+        msg: 使用 zap logger，不要直接输出到 stdout/stderr
+      - p: '^fmt\.Fprint.*$'
+        msg: 使用 zap logger，不要直接输出到 stdout/stderr
+      - p: '^log\.(Print|Println|Printf|Fatal|Fatalln|Fatalf|Panic|Panicln|Panicf)$'
+        msg: 使用 zap logger，不要使用标准库 log
+      - p: '^zap\.L$'
+        msg: 通过依赖注入传递 *zap.Logger，不要使用全局 logger
+      - p: '^zap\.S$'
+        msg: 不使用 Sugar logger
+  revive:
+    rules:
+      - name: exported
+      - name: var-naming
+      - name: indent-error-flow
+      - name: error-strings
+      - name: error-return
+      - name: blank-imports
+      - name: context-as-argument
+      - name: unexported-return
+  goimports:
+    local-prefixes: nex/backend
+  gocyclo:
+    min-complexity: 10
+
+issues:
+  exclude-dirs:
+    - tests/mocks
+  exclude-generated: true
+  exclude-rules:
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - forbidigo
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - errcheck
+      source: '(^\s*_\s*=|,\s*_)'
+    - path: 'tests/integration/e2e_conversion_test\.go'
+      linters:
+        - errcheck
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - revive
+      text: '^exported:'
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - gosec
+      text: 'G(101|401|501)'
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - gocyclo
+      text: 'cyclomatic complexity (1[1-9]|20) of .* is high \(> 10\)'
+    - linters:
+        - revive
+      text: '(that stutters|BuildUrl should be BuildURL|ConvertHttpRequest should be ConvertHTTPRequest|ConvertHttpResponse should be ConvertHTTPResponse)'
+    - path: 'internal/conversion/.*\.go'
+      linters:
+        - gocyclo
+        - gocritic
+    - path: '(internal/provider/client\.go|internal/service/model_service_impl\.go|internal/service/stats_buffer\.go|internal/handler/proxy_handler\.go|cmd/(desktop|server)/main\.go)'
+      linters:
+        - gocyclo

backend/Makefile

@@ -1,45 +1,97 @@
-.PHONY: build run test test-coverage clean migrate-up migrate-down migrate-status migrate-create lint
+.PHONY: \
+	build run \
+	test test-unit test-integration test-coverage \
+	lint clean \
+	migrate-up migrate-down migrate-status migrate-create \
+	mysql-up mysql-down mysql-test mysql-test-quick
+
+VERSION := $(shell go run ../versionctl print)
+GIT_COMMIT ?= $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || printf 'unknown')
+BUILD_TIME ?= $(shell date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+GO_LDFLAGS := -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.version=$(VERSION) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.commit=$(GIT_COMMIT) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.buildTime=$(BUILD_TIME)
+
+DB_DRIVER ?= sqlite3
+DB_DSN ?= $(HOME)/.nex/config.db
+
+ifeq ($(DB_DRIVER),mysql)
+GOOSE_DIR := migrations/mysql
+GOOSE_DRIVER := mysql
+else ifeq ($(DB_DRIVER),sqlite3)
+GOOSE_DIR := migrations/sqlite
+GOOSE_DRIVER := sqlite3
+else
+$(error unsupported DB_DRIVER '$(DB_DRIVER)', use sqlite3 or mysql)
+endif
 
-# 构建
 build:
-	go build -o bin/server ./cmd/server
+	go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o bin/server ./cmd/server
 
-# 运行
 run:
-	go run ./cmd/server
+	go run -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" ./cmd/server
 
-# 测试
 test:
-	go test ./... -v
+	go test ./internal/... ./pkg/... ./tests/... ./cmd/server/... -v
+
+test-unit:
+	go test ./internal/... ./pkg/... -v
+
+test-integration:
+	go test ./tests/... -v
 
-# 测试覆盖率
 test-coverage:
 	go test ./... -coverprofile=coverage.out
 	go tool cover -html=coverage.out -o coverage.html
-	@echo "Coverage report generated: coverage.html"
+	@printf 'Coverage report generated: backend/coverage.html\n'
+
+lint:
+	go tool golangci-lint run ./...
 
-# 清理
 clean:
 	rm -rf bin/ coverage.out coverage.html
 
-# 数据库迁移
 migrate-up:
-	goose -dir migrations sqlite3 $(DB_PATH) up
+	@printf 'Running database migration up...\n'
+	goose -dir $(GOOSE_DIR) $(GOOSE_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" up
 
 migrate-down:
-	goose -dir migrations sqlite3 $(DB_PATH) down
+	@printf 'Running database migration down...\n'
+	goose -dir $(GOOSE_DIR) $(GOOSE_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" down
 
 migrate-status:
-	goose -dir migrations sqlite3 $(DB_PATH) status
+	@printf 'Checking database migration status...\n'
+	goose -dir $(GOOSE_DIR) $(GOOSE_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" status
 
 migrate-create:
-	@read -p "Migration name: " name; \
-	goose -dir migrations create $$name sql
+	@printf 'Migration name: '; \
+	read name; \
+	goose -dir migrations/sqlite create $$name sql; \
+	goose -dir migrations/mysql create $$name sql
 
-# 代码检查
-lint:
-	golangci-lint run ./...
+mysql-up:
+	@printf 'Starting MySQL test container...\n'
+	cd tests/mysql && docker-compose up -d
+	@printf 'Waiting for MySQL to be ready...\n'
+	@for i in $$(seq 1 30); do \
+		if docker exec nex-mysql-test mysqladmin ping -h localhost -u root -ptestpass --silent 2>/dev/null; then \
+			printf 'MySQL is ready\n'; \
+			exit 0; \
+		fi; \
+		printf 'Waiting... (%s/30)\n' $$i; \
+		sleep 1; \
+	done; \
+	printf 'MySQL failed to start\n'; \
+	exit 1
 
-# 安装依赖
-deps:
-	go mod tidy
+mysql-down:
+	@printf 'Stopping MySQL test container...\n'
+	cd tests/mysql && docker-compose down -v
+
+mysql-test:
+	@set -e; \
+	$(MAKE) mysql-up; \
+	trap '$(MAKE) mysql-down' EXIT; \
+	go test -tags=mysql ./tests/mysql/... -v -count=1
+
+mysql-test-quick:
+	@printf 'Running MySQL tests without container management...\n'
+	go test -tags=mysql ./tests/mysql/... -v -count=1

backend/README.md

@@ -4,29 +4,75 @@ AI 网关后端服务，提供统一的大模型 API 代理接口。
 
 ## 功能特性
 
-- 支持 OpenAI 协议（`/openai/v1/...`）
+- 支持 OpenAI 协议（`/openai/v1/...`，例如 `/openai/v1/chat/completions`）
 - 支持 Anthropic 协议（`/anthropic/v1/...`）
 - 支持 Hub-and-Spoke 跨协议双向转换（OpenAI ↔ Anthropic）
-- 同协议透传（零语义损失、零序列化开销）
+- 同协议透传（跳过 Canonical 全量转换，保持协议语义）
 - 支持流式响应（SSE）
 - 支持 Function Calling / Tools
 - 支持 Thinking / Reasoning
 - 支持扩展层接口（Models、Embeddings、Rerank）
 - 多供应商配置和路由
 - 用量统计
-- 结构化日志（zap + lumberjack）
+- 结构化日志（zap + lumberjack + 模块标识）
 - YAML 配置管理
 - 请求验证
 - 中间件支持（请求 ID、日志、恢复、CORS）
 
+## 日志规范
+
+### 模块标识
+
+每个模块通过依赖注入获取带模块标识的 logger：
+
+```go
+func NewProxyHandler(..., logger *zap.Logger) *ProxyHandler {
+    return &ProxyHandler{
+        logger: pkglogger.WithModule(logger, "handler.proxy"),
+    }
+}
+```
+
+输出格式：
+- Console: `INFO  [handler.proxy]  处理请求  method=POST path=/v1/chat`
+- JSON: `{"level":"info","logger":"handler.proxy","msg":"处理请求"}`
+
+### 模块命名规范
+
+| 模块 | 命名 |
+|------|------|
+| ProxyHandler | `handler.proxy` |
+| ProviderHandler | `handler.provider` |
+| Provider Client | `provider.client` |
+| ConversionEngine | `conversion.engine` |
+| RoutingCache | `service.routing_cache` |
+| StatsBuffer | `service.stats_buffer` |
+| Database | `database` |
+
+### 标准字段
+
+使用 `pkg/logger/field.go` 中定义的字段构造函数：
+
+```go
+logger.Debug("请求开始",
+    pkglogger.Method("POST"),
+    pkglogger.Path("/v1/chat"),
+    pkglogger.RequestID("xxx"),
+)
+```
+
+### GORM 日志
+
+GORM 日志自动桥接到 zap，SQL 查询映射到 Debug 级别。
+
 ## 技术栈
 
 - **语言**: Go 1.26+
 - **HTTP 框架**: Gin
 - **ORM**: GORM
-- **数据库**: SQLite
+- **数据库**: SQLite / MySQL
 - **日志**: zap + lumberjack
-- **配置**: Viper + pflag（多层配置：CLI > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值）
+- **配置**: Viper + pflag（Server 多层配置，Desktop 配置文件快照）
 - **验证**: go-playground/validator/v10
 - **迁移**: goose
 
@@ -105,18 +151,30 @@ backend/
 │   │   ├── errors.go
 │   │   └── wrap.go
 │   ├── logger/                  # 日志系统
-│   │   ├── logger.go
-│   │   ├── rotate.go
-│   │   └── context.go
+│   │   ├── logger.go            # 核心初始化
+│   │   ├── field.go             # 标准字段定义
+│   │   ├── module.go            # 模块日志器
+│   │   ├── context.go           # Context 辅助函数
+│   │   ├── gorm.go              # GORM 适配器
+│   │   ├── minimal.go           # 最小化 logger
+│   │   └── rotate.go            # 日志轮转
+│   ├── modelid/                 # 统一模型 ID 工具包
+│   │   ├── model_id.go
+│   │   └── model_id_test.go
 │   └── validator/               # 验证器
 │       └── validator.go
 ├── migrations/                  # 数据库迁移
-│   ├── 20260401000001_initial_schema.sql
-│   ├── 20260401000002_add_indexes.sql
-│   └── 20260419000001_add_provider_protocol.sql
+│   ├── embed.go                 # go:embed 迁移资源入口
+│   ├── sqlite/
+│   │   └── 20260421000001_initial_schema.sql
+│   └── mysql/
+│       └── 20260421000001_initial_schema.sql
 ├── tests/                       # 集成测试
-│   ├── helpers.go
-│   └── integration/
+│   ├── helpers.go               # 测试辅助函数
+│   ├── config/                  # 测试配置
+│   ├── integration/             # 集成测试
+│   │   └── e2e_conversion_test.go  # E2E 协议转换测试
+│   └── mocks/                   # Mock 实现
 ├── Makefile
 ├── go.mod
 └── README.md
@@ -145,6 +203,123 @@ Client Request (clientProtocol)
 
 同协议时自动透传，跳过序列化开销。
 
+## 协议转换架构
+
+### Canonical Model 中间表示
+
+所有协议转换都经过 Canonical Model 中间表示层，实现 Hub-and-Spoke 架构：
+
+```
+OpenAI Request → Canonical Request → Anthropic Request
+                  (中间表示)
+OpenAI Response ← Canonical Response ← Anthropic Response
+```
+
+**CanonicalRequest 核心字段**：
+- `Model` - 统一模型 ID
+- `Messages` - 消息列表（支持 text、tool_use、tool_result、thinking 类型）
+- `Tools` - 工具定义
+- `Thinking` - 推理配置（`budget_tokens`、`effort`）
+- `Parameters` - 通用参数（`max_tokens`、`temperature`、`top_p` 等）
+
+### Smart Passthrough 机制
+
+同协议请求走 Smart Passthrough 路径，不进入 Canonical 全量转换：
+
+```
+1. 检测 clientProtocol == providerProtocol
+2. 仅改写请求体中的 model 字段：unified_id → upstream_model_name
+3. 直接转发请求到上游
+4. 响应中仅改写 model 字段：upstream_model_name → unified_id
+```
+
+Smart Passthrough 保持未改写 JSON 字段的内容和类型不变，不承诺保留原始字节顺序、空白或对象字段顺序。
+
+### 流式转换器层次
+
+```
+StreamConverter (接口)
+├── PassthroughStreamConverter      # 直接透传，无任何处理
+├── SmartPassthroughStreamConverter # 同协议 + 按 SSE frame 改写 data JSON model
+└── CanonicalStreamConverter        # 跨协议完整转换（decode → encode）
+```
+
+### InterfaceType 枚举
+
+| 类型 | 说明 |
+|------|------|
+| `CHAT` | 对话补全（chat/completions、messages） |
+| `MODELS` | 模型列表 |
+| `MODEL_INFO` | 模型详情 |
+| `EMBEDDINGS` | 嵌入接口 |
+| `RERANK` | 重排序接口 |
+| `PASSTHROUGH` | 未知接口，直接透传 |
+
+## 协议适配器特性
+
+### OpenAI 适配器
+
+**特有字段支持**：
+- `reasoning_effort` - 映射到 Canonical Thinking 配置（`none` → 禁用，其他 → `effort`）
+- `reasoning_content` - 非标准字段，映射到 Canonical thinking 块
+- `max_completion_tokens` - 新字段，优先于 `max_tokens`
+- `refusal` - 非标准字段，作为 text 块处理
+
+**废弃字段兼容**：
+- `functions` / `function_call` - 自动转换为 `tools` / `tool_choice`
+
+**消息处理**：
+- 合并连续同角色消息（Anthropic 不支持连续同角色）
+- 工具选择映射：`any` → `required`
+
+### Anthropic 适配器
+
+**特有字段支持**：
+- `thinking` - 推理配置（`type: enabled`、`budget_tokens`、`effort`）
+- `output_config` - 结构化输出配置
+- `disable_parallel_tool_use` - 禁用并行工具调用
+- `container` - 工具容器字段
+
+**不支持的功能**：
+- Embeddings 接口（返回 `INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED` 错误）
+
+### 跨协议转换注意事项
+
+| 源协议 | 目标协议 | 转换说明 |
+|--------|----------|----------|
+| OpenAI | Anthropic | `reasoning_effort` → `thinking`，消息角色合并 |
+| Anthropic | OpenAI | `thinking` 块 → `reasoning_content`，工具选择转换 |
+
+## 错误码
+
+### ConversionError 错误码
+
+| 错误码 | 说明 |
+|--------|------|
+| `INVALID_INPUT` | 输入数据无效 |
+| `MISSING_REQUIRED_FIELD` | 缺少必填字段 |
+| `INCOMPATIBLE_FEATURE` | 功能不兼容（如跨协议不支持某特性） |
+| `FIELD_MAPPING_FAILURE` | 字段映射失败 |
+| `TOOL_CALL_PARSE_ERROR` | 工具调用解析错误 |
+| `JSON_PARSE_ERROR` | JSON 解析错误 |
+| `STREAM_STATE_ERROR` | 流式状态错误 |
+| `UTF8_DECODE_ERROR` | UTF-8 解码错误（流式 chunk 截断） |
+| `PROTOCOL_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION` | 协议约束违反 |
+| `ENCODING_FAILURE` | 编码失败 |
+| `INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED` | 接口不支持（如 Anthropic Embeddings） |
+| `UNSUPPORTED_MULTIMODAL` | 跨协议暂不支持多模态内容 |
+
+### AppError 预定义错误
+
+| 错误 | HTTP 状态码 | 说明 |
+|------|-------------|------|
+| `ErrModelNotFound` | 404 | 模型未找到 |
+| `ErrModelDisabled` | 404 | 模型已禁用 |
+| `ErrProviderNotFound` | 404 | 供应商未找到 |
+| `ErrInvalidProviderID` | 400 | 供应商 ID 格式无效 |
+| `ErrDuplicateModel` | 409 | 同一供应商下模型名称重复 |
+| `ErrImmutableField` | 400 | 不可修改字段（如供应商 ID） |
+
 ## 运行方式
 
 ### 安装依赖
@@ -159,15 +334,18 @@ go mod download
 go run cmd/server/main.go
 ```
 
-服务将在端口 9826 启动。首次启动会自动创建配置文件和运行数据库迁移。
+服务将在端口 9826 启动。首次启动会自动运行数据库迁移。
 
 ## 配置
 
-配置支持多种方式：配置文件、环境变量、命令行参数，优先级为：**CLI 参数 > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值**
+配置方式取决于启动入口：
+
+- **Server 入口**（`cmd/server`）：支持 CLI 参数 > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值
+- **Desktop 入口**（`cmd/desktop`）：仅支持 `~/.nex/config.yaml` > 默认值，不支持 CLI 参数和 `NEX_*` 环境变量覆盖，修改配置文件后需重启生效
 
 ### 配置文件
 
-配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`，首次启动自动生成。
+配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`。配置文件不存在时使用默认值，不会自动生成；需要自定义时手动创建该文件：
 
 ```yaml
 server:
@@ -176,7 +354,14 @@ server:
   write_timeout: 30s
 
 database:
-  path: ~/.nex/config.db
+  driver: sqlite               # sqlite 或 mysql
+  path: ~/.nex/config.db       # SQLite 数据库文件路径
+  # --- MySQL 配置（driver=mysql 时生效）---
+  # host: localhost
+  # port: 3306
+  # user: nex
+  # password: ""
+  # dbname: nex
   max_idle_conns: 10
   max_open_conns: 100
   conn_max_lifetime: 1h
@@ -190,19 +375,27 @@ log:
   compress: true
 ```
 
-### 环境变量
+### 环境变量（仅 Server 入口）
 
-所有配置项都支持环境变量，使用 `NEX_` 前缀：
+Server 入口下，所有配置项都支持环境变量，使用 `NEX_` 前缀：
 
 ```bash
 export NEX_SERVER_PORT=9000
 export NEX_DATABASE_PATH=/data/nex.db
 export NEX_LOG_LEVEL=debug
+
+# MySQL 模式
+export NEX_DATABASE_DRIVER=mysql
+export NEX_DATABASE_HOST=db.example.com
+export NEX_DATABASE_PORT=3306
+export NEX_DATABASE_USER=nex
+export NEX_DATABASE_PASSWORD=secret
+export NEX_DATABASE_DBNAME=nex
 ```
 
 命名规则：配置路径转大写 + 下划线 + `NEX_` 前缀（如 `server.port` → `NEX_SERVER_PORT`）。
 
-### 命令行参数
+### 命令行参数（仅 Server 入口）
 
 ```bash
 ./server --server-port 9000 --log-level debug --database-path /tmp/test.db
@@ -214,7 +407,7 @@ export NEX_LOG_LEVEL=debug
 
 ```
 服务器:   --server-port, --server-read-timeout, --server-write-timeout
-数据库:   --database-path, --database-max-idle-conns, --database-max-open-conns, --database-conn-max-lifetime
+数据库:   --database-driver, --database-path, --database-host, --database-port, --database-user, --database-password, --database-dbname, --database-max-idle-conns, --database-max-open-conns, --database-conn-max-lifetime
 日志:     --log-level, --log-path, --log-max-size, --log-max-backups, --log-max-age, --log-compress
 通用:     --config (指定配置文件路径)
 ```
@@ -234,36 +427,56 @@ export NEX_LOG_LEVEL=debug
 # Docker 部署
 docker run -d -e NEX_SERVER_PORT=9000 -e NEX_LOG_LEVEL=info nex-server
 
+# MySQL 模式
+./server --database-driver mysql --database-host db.example.com --database-user nex --database-password secret --database-dbname nex
+
 # 自定义配置文件
 ./server --config /path/to/custom.yaml
 ```
 
 数据文件：
 - `~/.nex/config.yaml` - 配置文件
-- `~/.nex/config.db` - SQLite 数据库
+- `~/.nex/config.db` - SQLite 数据库（MySQL 模式下不使用本地数据库文件）
 - `~/.nex/log/` - 日志目录
 
+**MySQL 连接说明**：MySQL 连接使用 DSN 格式: `user:password@tcp(host:port)/dbname?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local`，最低支持 MySQL 8.0+。
+
 ## 测试
 
 ```bash
-# 运行所有测试
+# 运行 backend 默认测试
 make test
 
+# 分类测试
+make test-unit
+make test-integration
+
 # 生成覆盖率报告
 make test-coverage
+
+# MySQL 专项测试
+make mysql-up
+make mysql-down
+make mysql-test
+make mysql-test-quick
 ```
 
 ## 数据库迁移
 
+应用启动时使用随二进制打包的迁移资源（`go:embed`）自动执行迁移，server 和 desktop 发布产物均自包含，不依赖源码目录。开发时可继续通过 Makefile goose CLI 操作文件系统中的 `migrations/<dialect>/` 目录，运行时嵌入资源与文件系统目录共享同一批 SQL 文件。
+
 ```bash
 # 使用 Makefile
-make migrate-up DB_PATH=~/.nex/config.db
-make migrate-down DB_PATH=~/.nex/config.db
-make migrate-status DB_PATH=~/.nex/config.db
+make migrate-up DB_DSN=~/.nex/config.db
+make migrate-down DB_DSN=~/.nex/config.db
+make migrate-status DB_DSN=~/.nex/config.db
 
 # 创建新迁移
 make migrate-create
 
+# MySQL 迁移
+make migrate-up DB_DRIVER=mysql DB_DSN='user:pass@tcp(localhost:3306)/nex'
+
 # 或直接使用 goose
 goose -dir migrations sqlite3 ~/.nex/config.db up
 ```
@@ -272,7 +485,7 @@ goose -dir migrations sqlite3 ~/.nex/config.db up
 
 ### 代理接口
 
-使用 `/{protocol}/v1/{path}` URL 前缀路由：
+使用 `/{protocol}/*path` URL 前缀路由。网关只剥离第一段协议前缀，不在 Handler 中统一添加或移除 `/v1`；剩余 path 是协议原生 nativePath，由对应 adapter 识别和组合上游 URL。
 
 #### OpenAI 协议
 
@@ -290,7 +503,19 @@ POST /anthropic/v1/messages
 GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 ```
 
-**协议转换**：网关支持任意协议间的双向转换。客户端使用 OpenAI 协议请求，上游供应商可以是 Anthropic 协议（反之亦然）。同协议时自动透传，零序列化开销。
+**协议转换**：网关支持任意协议间的双向转换。客户端使用 OpenAI 协议请求，上游供应商可以是 Anthropic 协议（反之亦然）。同协议时自动透传或 Smart Passthrough，跳过 Canonical 全量转换。
+
+**统一模型 ID**：代理请求中的 `model` 字段使用 `provider_id/model_name` 格式（如 `openai/gpt-4`），网关据此路由到对应供应商。同协议时自动改写为上游 `model_name`，跨协议时通过全量转换处理。
+
+**base_url 约定**：
+- OpenAI 供应商配置到版本路径一级，例如 `https://api.openai.com/v1`；当客户端请求 `/openai/v1/chat/completions` 时，OpenAI adapter 会把 nativePath `/v1/chat/completions` 映射为上游 path `/chat/completions`，最终 URL 为 `https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions`。
+- Anthropic 供应商配置到域名级，例如 `https://api.anthropic.com`。
+
+**模型提取边界**：只有 adapter 明确适配的 Chat、Embeddings、Rerank 等接口会提取 `model` 并尝试统一模型 ID 路由。未知接口不做顶层 `model` 猜测，直接按无 model 透传。
+
+**流式透传边界**：同协议无响应 model 改写时 raw passthrough，保留 SSE frame 边界和 `[DONE]`；同协议需要改写时按 SSE frame 解析 `data` JSON，仅改写 `model`；跨协议继续使用 StreamDecoder → CanonicalStreamConverter → StreamEncoder。
+
+**错误边界**：网关层代理错误返回 `{"error":"...","code":"..."}`。已收到上游 HTTP 响应时，非 2xx status、过滤 hop-by-hop header 后的 headers 和 body 直接透传；没有收到上游响应的连接/DNS/TLS/超时错误返回 `UPSTREAM_UNAVAILABLE`。
 
 ### 管理接口
 
@@ -314,7 +539,13 @@ GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 
 **Protocol 字段**：标识上游供应商使用的协议类型，可选值 `"openai"`（默认）、`"anthropic"`。
 
-**base_url 说明**：应配置到 API 版本路径，不包含具体端点（如 OpenAI: `https://api.openai.com/v1`，GLM: `https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`）。
+**base_url 说明**：
+- OpenAI 协议：配置到 API 版本路径，如 `https://api.openai.com/v1`、`https://open.bigmodel.cn/api/paas/v4`
+- Anthropic 协议：配置到域名，不包含版本路径，如 `https://api.anthropic.com`
+
+**对外 URL 格式**：
+- OpenAI 协议：`/{protocol}/v1/{endpoint}`，如 `/openai/v1/chat/completions`、`/openai/v1/models`、`/openai/v1/embeddings`
+- Anthropic 协议：`/{protocol}/v1/{endpoint}`，如 `/anthropic/v1/messages`、`/anthropic/v1/models`
 
 #### 模型管理
 
@@ -324,14 +555,30 @@ GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 - `PUT /api/models/:id` - 更新模型
 - `DELETE /api/models/:id` - 删除模型
 
+**创建请求**（id 由系统自动生成 UUID）：
+
 ```json
 {
-  "id": "gpt-4",
   "provider_id": "openai",
   "model_name": "gpt-4"
 }
 ```
 
+**响应示例**：
+
+```json
+{
+  "id": "550e8400-e29b-41d4-a716-446655440000",
+  "provider_id": "openai",
+  "model_name": "gpt-4",
+  "unified_id": "openai/gpt-4",
+  "enabled": true,
+  "created_at": "2026-04-21T00:00:00Z"
+}
+```
+
+**统一模型 ID**：`unified_id` 字段为 `provider_id/model_name` 格式，用于代理请求的 `model` 参数。
+
 #### 统计查询
 
 - `GET /api/stats` - 查询统计
@@ -339,6 +586,20 @@ GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 
 查询参数：`provider_id`、`model_name`、`start_date`（YYYY-MM-DD）、`end_date`、`group_by`（provider/model/date）
 
+#### 版本信息
+
+- `GET /api/version` - 获取后端构建版本信息
+
+响应字段来源于构建阶段注入的 `buildinfo` 元数据：
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "commit": "abc1234",
+  "build_time": "2026-05-05T00:00:00Z"
+}
+```
+
 #### 健康检查
 
 - `GET /health` - 返回 `{"status": "ok"}`
@@ -346,9 +607,12 @@ GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 ## 开发
 
 ```bash
-make build    # 构建
-make lint     # 代码检查
-make deps     # 整理依赖
+make build           # 构建 backend/bin/server
+make run             # 运行后端服务
+make lint            # 代码检查
+make clean           # 清理 backend 构建产物
+go mod tidy          # 整理依赖
+go generate ./...    # 刷新 mock 等生成代码
 ```
 
 环境要求：Go 1.26 或更高版本
@@ -397,6 +661,7 @@ err := v.Validate(myStruct)
 
 - **JSON 解析**：使用 `encoding/json` 标准库，不手动扫描字节
 - **字符串拼接**：使用 `strings.Join`，不手写循环拼接
-- **错误判断**：使用 `errors.Is` / `errors.As`，不使用字符串匹配
+- **错误判断**：使用 `errors.Is` / `errors.As`，不使用字符串匹配（lint 强约束：errorlint 禁止 `err ==` 直接比较和 `err.(*T)` 直接断言）
 - **日志使用**：通过依赖注入 `*zap.Logger`，不直接调用 `zap.L()`
+- **日志 error 字段**：使用 `zap.Error(err)`，不使用 `zap.String("error", err.Error())` 手工字符串化
 - **字符串分割**：使用 `strings.SplitN` 等精确分割，不使用索引切片

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func showError(title, message string) {
+	script := fmt.Sprintf(`display dialog "%s" buttons {"OK"} default button "OK" with title "%s"`,
+		escapeAppleScript(message), escapeAppleScript(title))
+	if err := exec.Command("osascript", "-e", script).Run(); err != nil {
+		dialogLogger().Warn("显示错误对话框失败", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+}
+
+func escapeAppleScript(s string) string {
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\\", "\\\\")
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\"", "\\\"")
+	return s
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type dialogToolType int
+
+const (
+	toolNone dialogToolType = iota
+	toolZenity
+	toolKdialog
+	toolNotifySend
+	toolXmessage
+)
+
+var (
+	dialogTool     dialogToolType
+	dialogToolOnce sync.Once
+)
+
+func init() {
+	dialogToolOnce.Do(detectDialogTool)
+}
+
+func detectDialogTool() {
+	tools := []struct {
+		name string
+		typ  dialogToolType
+	}{
+		{"zenity", toolZenity},
+		{"kdialog", toolKdialog},
+		{"notify-send", toolNotifySend},
+		{"xmessage", toolXmessage},
+	}
+
+	for _, tool := range tools {
+		if _, err := exec.LookPath(tool.name); err == nil {
+			dialogTool = tool.typ
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	dialogTool = toolNone
+}
+
+func showError(title, message string) {
+	switch dialogTool {
+	case toolZenity:
+		exec.Command("zenity", "--error",
+			fmt.Sprintf("--title=%s", title),
+			fmt.Sprintf("--text=%s", message)).Run()
+	case toolKdialog:
+		exec.Command("kdialog", "--error", message, "--title", title).Run()
+	case toolNotifySend:
+		exec.Command("notify-send", "-u", "critical", title, message).Run()
+	case toolXmessage:
+		exec.Command("xmessage", "-center",
+			fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", title, message)).Run()
+	default:
+		dialogLogger().Error("无法显示错误对话框")
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+func dialogLogger() *zap.Logger {
+	if zapLogger != nil {
+		return zapLogger
+	}
+
+	return pkgLogger.NewMinimal()
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+const (
+	mbIconError       = 0x10
+	mbIconInformation = 0x40
+)
+
+var (
+	user32          = syscall.NewLazyDLL("user32.dll")
+	procMessageBoxW = user32.NewProc("MessageBoxW")
+	callMessageBoxW = func(hwnd, text, caption, flags uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		ret, _, err := procMessageBoxW.Call(hwnd, text, caption, flags)
+		return ret, err
+	}
+)
+
+func showError(title, message string) {
+	if err := messageBox(title, message, mbIconError); err != nil {
+		if zapLogger != nil {
+			zapLogger.Warn("显示错误对话框失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func messageBox(title, message string, flags uint) error {
+	titlePtr, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	messagePtr, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(message)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ret, callErr := callMessageBoxW(
+		0,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(messagePtr)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(titlePtr)),
+		uintptr(flags),
+	)
+	if ret != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if callErr != nil && !errors.Is(callErr, syscall.Errno(0)) {
+		return callErr
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("MessageBoxW 调用失败")
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/icon_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/embedfs"
+)
+
+func TestIconSelection_Windows(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		t.Skip("图标格式选择测试仅在 Windows 上运行")
+	}
+
+	if err := testIconLoad("assets/icon.ico"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Windows 应加载 .ico 文件: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIconSelection_NonWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("图标格式选择测试在非 Windows 平台运行")
+	}
+
+	if err := testIconLoad("assets/icon.png"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("非 Windows 平台应加载 .png 文件: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func testIconLoad(path string) error {
+	_, err := embedfs.Assets.ReadFile(path)
+	return err
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/icon_windows.rc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1 ICON "../../../assets/icon.ico"

backend/cmd/desktop/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,442 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"nex/embedfs"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/anthropic"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/openai"
+	"nex/backend/internal/database"
+	"nex/backend/internal/handler"
+	"nex/backend/internal/handler/middleware"
+	"nex/backend/internal/provider"
+	"nex/backend/internal/repository"
+	"nex/backend/internal/service"
+	"nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo"
+
+	"github.com/getlantern/systray"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gofrs/flock"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+var (
+	server         *http.Server
+	zapLogger      *zap.Logger
+	shutdownCtx    context.Context
+	shutdownCancel context.CancelFunc
+)
+
+func main() {
+	minimalLogger := pkgLogger.NewMinimal()
+
+	cfg, cfgMeta, err := config.LoadDesktopConfigWithMetadata()
+	if err != nil {
+		minimalLogger.Error("加载配置失败", zap.Error(err))
+		showError(appName, desktopConfigErrorMessage(getDesktopConfigPath(), err))
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	port := cfg.Server.Port
+
+	if err := checkPortAvailable(port); err != nil {
+		minimalLogger.Error("端口不可用", zap.Error(err))
+		showError(appName, err.Error())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	singleLock := NewSingletonLock(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway.lock"))
+	if err := singleLock.Lock(); err != nil {
+		minimalLogger.Error("已有 Nex 实例运行")
+		showError(appName, "已有 Nex 实例运行")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := singleLock.Unlock(); err != nil {
+			minimalLogger.Warn("释放实例锁失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	zapLogger, err = pkgLogger.Upgrade(minimalLogger, pkgLogger.Config{
+		Level:      cfg.Log.Level,
+		Path:       cfg.Log.Path,
+		MaxSize:    cfg.Log.MaxSize,
+		MaxBackups: cfg.Log.MaxBackups,
+		MaxAge:     cfg.Log.MaxAge,
+		Compress:   cfg.Log.Compress,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		minimalLogger.Fatal("初始化日志失败", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := zapLogger.Sync(); err != nil {
+			minimalLogger.Warn("同步日志失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	cfg.PrintSummary(zapLogger)
+
+	db, err := database.Init(&cfg.Database, zapLogger)
+	if err != nil {
+		zapLogger.Fatal("初始化数据库失败", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	defer database.Close(db)
+
+	providerRepo := repository.NewProviderRepository(db)
+	modelRepo := repository.NewModelRepository(db)
+	statsRepo := repository.NewStatsRepository(db)
+
+	routingCache := service.NewRoutingCache(modelRepo, providerRepo, zapLogger)
+	if err := routingCache.Preload(); err != nil {
+		zapLogger.Warn("缓存预热失败，将使用懒加载", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+
+	statsBuffer := service.NewStatsBuffer(statsRepo, zapLogger,
+		service.WithFlushInterval(5*time.Second),
+		service.WithFlushThreshold(100))
+	statsBuffer.Start()
+	defer statsBuffer.Stop()
+
+	providerService := service.NewProviderService(providerRepo, modelRepo, routingCache)
+	modelService := service.NewModelService(modelRepo, providerRepo, routingCache)
+	routingService := service.NewRoutingService(routingCache)
+	statsService := service.NewStatsService(statsRepo, statsBuffer)
+
+	registry := conversion.NewMemoryRegistry()
+	if err := registry.Register(openai.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
+		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 OpenAI 适配器失败", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	if err := registry.Register(anthropic.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
+		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 Anthropic 适配器失败", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	engine := conversion.NewConversionEngine(registry, zapLogger)
+
+	providerClient := provider.NewClient(zapLogger)
+
+	proxyHandler := handler.NewProxyHandler(engine, providerClient, routingService, providerService, statsService, zapLogger)
+	providerHandler := handler.NewProviderHandler(providerService)
+	modelHandler := handler.NewModelHandler(modelService)
+	statsHandler := handler.NewStatsHandler(statsService)
+	versionHandler := handler.NewVersionHandler()
+	settingsHandler := handler.NewSettingsHandler(cfg, "desktop", true, cfgMeta.ConfigPath)
+
+	gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	r.Use(middleware.RequestID())
+	r.Use(middleware.Recovery(zapLogger))
+	r.Use(middleware.Logging(zapLogger))
+	r.Use(middleware.CORS())
+
+	setupRoutes(r, proxyHandler, providerHandler, modelHandler, statsHandler, versionHandler, settingsHandler)
+	setupStaticFiles(r)
+
+	server = &http.Server{
+		Addr:         desktopListenAddr(port),
+		Handler:      r,
+		ReadTimeout:  cfg.Server.ReadTimeout,
+		WriteTimeout: cfg.Server.WriteTimeout,
+	}
+
+	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	go func() {
+		zapLogger.Info("AI Gateway 启动",
+			zap.String("addr", server.Addr),
+			zap.String("version", buildinfo.Version()),
+			zap.String("commit", buildinfo.Commit()),
+			zap.String("build_time", buildinfo.BuildTime()))
+		if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			zapLogger.Fatal("服务器启动失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
+		if err := openBrowser(desktopURL(port)); err != nil {
+			zapLogger.Warn("无法打开浏览器", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	setupSystray(port)
+}
+
+func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHandler *handler.ProviderHandler, modelHandler *handler.ModelHandler, statsHandler *handler.StatsHandler, versionHandler *handler.VersionHandler, settingsHandler *handler.SettingsHandler) {
+	r.Any("/openai/*path", withProtocol("openai", proxyHandler.HandleProxy))
+	r.Any("/anthropic/*path", withProtocol("anthropic", proxyHandler.HandleProxy))
+	r.GET("/api/version", versionHandler.GetVersion)
+
+	providers := r.Group("/api/providers")
+	{
+		providers.GET("", providerHandler.ListProviders)
+		providers.POST("", providerHandler.CreateProvider)
+		providers.GET("/:id", providerHandler.GetProvider)
+		providers.PUT("/:id", providerHandler.UpdateProvider)
+		providers.DELETE("/:id", providerHandler.DeleteProvider)
+	}
+
+	models := r.Group("/api/models")
+	{
+		models.GET("", modelHandler.ListModels)
+		models.POST("", modelHandler.CreateModel)
+		models.GET("/:id", modelHandler.GetModel)
+		models.PUT("/:id", modelHandler.UpdateModel)
+		models.DELETE("/:id", modelHandler.DeleteModel)
+	}
+
+	stats := r.Group("/api/stats")
+	{
+		stats.GET("", statsHandler.GetStats)
+		stats.GET("/aggregate", statsHandler.AggregateStats)
+	}
+
+	settings := r.Group("/api/settings")
+	{
+		settings.GET("/startup", settingsHandler.GetStartupSettings)
+		settings.PUT("/startup", settingsHandler.SaveStartupSettings)
+	}
+
+	r.GET("/health", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
+	})
+}
+
+func withProtocol(protocol string, next gin.HandlerFunc) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Params = append(c.Params, gin.Param{Key: "protocol", Value: protocol})
+		next(c)
+	}
+}
+
+func setupStaticFiles(r *gin.Engine) {
+	distFS, err := frontendDistFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		zapLogger.Fatal("无法加载前端资源", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, distFS)
+}
+
+func frontendDistFS() (fs.FS, error) {
+	return fs.Sub(embedfs.FrontendDist, "frontend-dist")
+}
+
+func setupStaticFilesWithFS(r *gin.Engine, distFS fs.FS) {
+	getContentType := func(path string) string {
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".js") {
+			return "application/javascript"
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".css") {
+			return "text/css"
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".svg") {
+			return "image/svg+xml"
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".png") {
+			return "image/png"
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".ico") {
+			return "image/x-icon"
+		}
+		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".woff") || strings.HasSuffix(path, ".woff2") {
+			return "font/woff2"
+		}
+		return "application/octet-stream"
+	}
+
+	r.GET("/assets/*filepath", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		filepath := c.Param("filepath")
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "assets"+filepath)
+		if err != nil {
+			c.Status(404)
+			return
+		}
+		c.Data(200, getContentType(filepath), data)
+	})
+
+	r.GET("/icon.png", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "icon.png")
+		if err != nil {
+			c.Status(404)
+			return
+		}
+		c.Data(200, "image/png", data)
+	})
+
+	r.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
+		path := c.Request.URL.Path
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/api/") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/openai/") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/anthropic/") ||
+			path == "/openai" ||
+			path == "/anthropic" ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/health") {
+			c.JSON(404, gin.H{"error": "not found"})
+			return
+		}
+
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "index.html")
+		if err != nil {
+			c.Status(500)
+			return
+		}
+		c.Data(200, "text/html; charset=utf-8", data)
+	})
+}
+
+func setupSystray(port int) {
+	systray.Run(func() {
+		var icon []byte
+		var err error
+		if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+			icon, err = embedfs.Assets.ReadFile("assets/icon.ico")
+		} else {
+			icon, err = embedfs.Assets.ReadFile("assets/icon.png")
+		}
+		if err != nil {
+			zapLogger.Error("无法加载托盘图标", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+		systray.SetIcon(icon)
+		systray.SetTooltip(appTooltip)
+
+		mOpen := systray.AddMenuItem("打开管理界面", "在浏览器中打开")
+		systray.AddSeparator()
+		mStatus := systray.AddMenuItem("状态: 运行中", "")
+		mStatus.Disable()
+		mPort := systray.AddMenuItem(desktopPortMenuTitle(port), "")
+		mPort.Disable()
+		systray.AddSeparator()
+		mQuit := systray.AddMenuItem("退出", "停止服务并退出")
+
+		go func() {
+			for {
+				select {
+				case <-mOpen.ClickedCh:
+					if err := openBrowser(desktopURL(port)); err != nil {
+						zapLogger.Warn("打开浏览器失败", zap.Error(err))
+					}
+				case <-mQuit.ClickedCh:
+					doShutdown()
+					systray.Quit()
+					return
+				}
+			}
+		}()
+	}, nil)
+}
+
+func doShutdown() {
+	if zapLogger != nil {
+		zapLogger.Info("正在关闭服务器...")
+	}
+
+	if server != nil {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil && zapLogger != nil {
+			zapLogger.Warn("关闭服务器失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	if shutdownCancel != nil {
+		shutdownCancel()
+	}
+}
+
+func getDesktopConfigPath() string {
+	configDir, err := config.GetConfigDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return "~/.nex/config.yaml"
+	}
+	return filepath.Join(configDir, "config.yaml")
+}
+
+func desktopConfigErrorMessage(configPath string, err error) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("加载配置失败\n\n配置文件: %s\n\n%v", configPath, err)
+}
+
+func desktopListenAddr(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port)
+}
+
+func desktopURL(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", port)
+}
+
+func desktopPortMenuTitle(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("端口: %d", port)
+}
+
+func checkPortAvailable(port int) error {
+	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port))
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("端口 %d 已被占用\n\n可能原因:\n- 已有 Nex 实例运行\n- 其他程序占用了该端口\n\n请检查并关闭占用端口的程序", port)
+	}
+	ln.Close()
+	return nil
+}
+
+type SingletonLock struct {
+	flock *flock.Flock
+}
+
+func NewSingletonLock(lockPath string) *SingletonLock {
+	return &SingletonLock{
+		flock: flock.New(lockPath),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *SingletonLock) Lock() error {
+	locked, err := s.flock.TryLock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !locked {
+		return fmt.Errorf("已有实例运行")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *SingletonLock) Unlock() error {
+	return s.flock.Unlock()
+}
+
+func openBrowser(url string) error {
+	var cmd *exec.Cmd
+
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		cmd = exec.Command("open", url)
+	case "windows":
+		cmd = exec.Command("rundll32", "url.dll,FileProtocolHandler", url)
+	case "linux":
+		browsers := []string{"xdg-open", "google-chrome", "firefox"}
+		for _, browser := range browsers {
+			if _, err := exec.LookPath(browser); err == nil {
+				cmd = exec.Command(browser, url)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if cmd == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("无法打开浏览器")
+	}
+
+	return cmd.Start()
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/messagebox_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func withMessageBoxW(t *testing.T, fn func(hwnd, text, caption, flags uintptr) (uintptr, error)) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	old := callMessageBoxW
+	callMessageBoxW = fn
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		callMessageBoxW = old
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMessageBoxW_WindowsOnly_InvalidUTF16(t *testing.T) {
+	err := messageBox("bad\x00title", "测试消息", mbIconInformation)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("包含 NUL 字符时应该返回错误")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMessageBoxW_WindowsOnly_SuccessIgnoresLastError(t *testing.T) {
+	withMessageBoxW(t, func(_, _, _, _ uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		return 1, syscall.Errno(123)
+	})
+
+	if err := messageBox("测试标题", "测试消息", mbIconInformation); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MessageBoxW 返回成功时应忽略 last error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMessageBoxW_WindowsOnly_FailureUsesReturnValue(t *testing.T) {
+	withMessageBoxW(t, func(_, _, _, _ uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		return 0, syscall.Errno(5)
+	})
+
+	err := messageBox("测试标题", "测试消息", mbIconInformation)
+	if !errors.Is(err, syscall.Errno(5)) {
+		t.Fatalf("MessageBoxW 返回 0 时应返回调用错误: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShowError_WindowsBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	withMessageBoxW(t, func(_, _, _, _ uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		return 0, syscall.Errno(5)
+	})
+
+	defer func() {
+		if recovered := recover(); recovered != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("showError 不应因 MessageBoxW 失败而 panic: %v", recovered)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	showError("测试错误", "这是一条测试错误消息")
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/metadata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package main
+
+const (
+	appName        = "Nex"
+	appTooltip     = appName
+	appDescription = "AI Gateway - 统一的大模型 API 网关"
+	// #nosec G101 -- 项目官网地址不是凭据
+	appWebsite = "https://github.com/nex/gateway"
+)

backend/cmd/desktop/metadata_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestDesktopMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	if appName != "Nex" {
+		t.Fatalf("appName = %q, want %q", appName, "Nex")
+	}
+
+	if appTooltip != appName {
+		t.Fatalf("appTooltip = %q, want %q", appTooltip, appName)
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/migration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/internal/database"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func TestDesktop_InitMigrationsWithoutSourceTree(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	origDir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err == nil {
+		defer func() {
+			if chdirErr := os.Chdir(origDir); chdirErr != nil {
+				t.Logf("无法恢复工作目录: %v", chdirErr)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	if chdirErr := os.Chdir(tmpDir); chdirErr != nil {
+		t.Skipf("无法切换到临时目录: %v", chdirErr)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "sqlite",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nex-test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := database.Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("在无源码目录环境下数据库初始化应成功，但返回错误: %v", err)
+	}
+	database.Close(db)
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/port_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestCheckPortAvailable(t *testing.T) {
+	port := 19826
+
+	err := checkPortAvailable(port)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("端口 %d 应该可用: %v", port, err)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("端口可用测试通过")
+}
+
+func TestCheckPortOccupied(t *testing.T) {
+	port := 19827
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":19827") //nolint:gosec // 需要验证 checkPortAvailable 对通配地址占用的检测行为
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("无法启动测试服务器: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer listener.Close()
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	err = checkPortAvailable(port)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("端口被占用时应该返回错误")
+	}
+
+	t.Log("端口占用检测测试通过")
+}
+
+func TestCheckPortAvailableAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
+	port := 19828
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:19828")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("无法启动测试服务器: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	server := &http.Server{ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second}
+	defer server.Close()
+	go func() {
+		err := server.Serve(listener)
+		if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed && !errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+			t.Errorf("serve failed: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	listener.Close()
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	err = checkPortAvailable(port)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("端口关闭后应该可用: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("端口关闭后可用测试通过")
+}
+
+func TestCheckPortAvailableErrorContainsPort(t *testing.T) {
+	port := 19829
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":19829") //nolint:gosec
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("无法启动测试服务器: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer listener.Close()
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	err = checkPortAvailable(port)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("端口被占用时应该返回错误")
+	}
+
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "19829") {
+		t.Fatalf("错误信息应包含端口号 19829，实际: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Log("端口错误信息包含端口号测试通过")
+}
+
+func TestGetDesktopConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
+	path := getDesktopConfigPath()
+	if path == "" {
+		t.Fatal("getDesktopConfigPath 应返回非空路径")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(path, "config.yaml") {
+		t.Fatalf("路径应包含 config.yaml，实际: %s", path)
+	}
+	t.Log("getDesktopConfigPath 测试通过")
+}
+
+func TestDesktopConfiguredPortHelpers(t *testing.T) {
+	port := 19830
+
+	if got := desktopListenAddr(port); got != ":19830" {
+		t.Fatalf("HTTP 监听地址应使用配置端口，实际: %s", got)
+	}
+	if got := desktopURL(port); got != "http://localhost:19830" {
+		t.Fatalf("浏览器 URL 应使用配置端口，实际: %s", got)
+	}
+	if got := desktopPortMenuTitle(port); got != "端口: 19830" {
+		t.Fatalf("托盘端口显示应使用配置端口，实际: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDesktopConfigErrorMessageContainsPathAndReason(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := desktopConfigErrorMessage("/tmp/nex/config.yaml", errors.New("yaml parse failed"))
+
+	if !strings.Contains(msg, "/tmp/nex/config.yaml") {
+		t.Fatalf("配置错误提示应包含配置路径，实际: %s", msg)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(msg, "yaml parse failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("配置错误提示应包含失败原因，实际: %s", msg)
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/routes_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/handler"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestSetupRoutes_VersionDoesNotFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	setupRoutes(r, &handler.ProxyHandler{}, &handler.ProviderHandler{}, &handler.ModelHandler{}, &handler.StatsHandler{}, handler.NewVersionHandler(), handler.NewSettingsHandler(nil, "desktop", true, ""))
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, fstest.MapFS{
+		"index.html": {Data: []byte("<html>fallback</html>")},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/version", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+	if contentType := w.Header().Get("Content-Type"); contentType == "text/html; charset=utf-8" {
+		t.Fatalf("版本接口不应返回 SPA fallback HTML")
+	}
+
+	var result map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解析响应失败: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"version", "commit", "build_time"} {
+		if result[key] == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("响应缺少 %s 字段: %#v", key, result)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/singleton_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestSingletonLock_FirstLockSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	lockPath := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway-test-first.lock")
+	defer os.Remove(lockPath)
+
+	lock := NewSingletonLock(lockPath)
+	if err := lock.Lock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("首次加锁应成功，但返回错误: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := lock.Unlock(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func TestSingletonLock_DuplicateLockFails(t *testing.T) {
+	lockPath := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway-test-dup.lock")
+	defer os.Remove(lockPath)
+
+	lock1 := NewSingletonLock(lockPath)
+	if err := lock1.Lock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("首次加锁应成功: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := lock1.Unlock(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	lock2 := NewSingletonLock(lockPath)
+	err := lock2.Lock()
+	if err == nil {
+		if unlockErr := lock2.Unlock(); unlockErr != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", unlockErr)
+		}
+		t.Fatal("重复加锁应失败，但返回 nil")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSingletonLock_UnlockThenRelock(t *testing.T) {
+	lockPath := filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway-test-relock.lock")
+	defer os.Remove(lockPath)
+
+	lock1 := NewSingletonLock(lockPath)
+	if err := lock1.Lock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("首次加锁应成功: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := lock1.Unlock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	lock2 := NewSingletonLock(lockPath)
+	if err := lock2.Lock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("释放后重新加锁应成功: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := lock2.Unlock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSingletonLock_UnlockWithoutLock(t *testing.T) {
+	lock := NewSingletonLock(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway-test-nil.lock"))
+	if err := lock.Unlock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("未加锁时解锁失败: %v", err)
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/static_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestSetupStaticFiles(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	distFS, err := frontendDistFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("跳过测试: 前端资源未构建: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, distFS)
+
+	t.Run("API 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/test", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != 404 {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 404, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("OpenAI proxy prefix 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/openai/", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 404, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "not found") {
+			t.Errorf("期望返回 API 风格错误，实际 %s", w.Body.String())
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Anthropic proxy prefix 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/anthropic/", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 404, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "not found") {
+			t.Errorf("期望返回 API 风格错误，实际 %s", w.Body.String())
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SPA fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/providers", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != 200 {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("MIME type for JS", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/assets/test.js", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code == 200 {
+			expected := "application/javascript"
+			if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != expected {
+				t.Errorf("期望 Content-Type %s, 实际 %s", expected, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+			}
+		} else {
+			t.Log("文件不存在，跳过 MIME 类型验证")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("MIME type for CSS", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/assets/test.css", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code == 200 {
+			expected := "text/css"
+			if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != expected {
+				t.Errorf("期望 Content-Type %s, 实际 %s", expected, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+			}
+		} else {
+			t.Log("文件不存在，跳过 MIME 类型验证")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Log("静态文件服务测试通过")
+}
+
+func TestSetupStaticFilesWithFS_IconPNG(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, fstest.MapFS{
+		"icon.png":   {Data: []byte("png")},
+		"index.html": {Data: []byte("<html>fallback</html>")},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/icon.png", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+	}
+	if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != "image/png" {
+		t.Fatalf("期望 Content-Type image/png, 实际 %s", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	}
+	if w.Body.String() != "png" {
+		t.Fatalf("期望返回 PNG 内容，实际 %q", w.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWithProtocolAndStaticRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	distFS, err := frontendDistFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Skipf("跳过测试: 前端资源未构建: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	var gotProtocol string
+	var gotPath string
+	r.Any("/openai/*path", withProtocol("openai", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		gotProtocol = c.Param("protocol")
+		gotPath = c.Param("path")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"protocol": gotProtocol, "path": gotPath})
+	}))
+	r.Any("/anthropic/*path", withProtocol("anthropic", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		gotProtocol = c.Param("protocol")
+		gotPath = c.Param("path")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"protocol": gotProtocol, "path": gotPath})
+	}))
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, distFS)
+
+	t.Run("OpenAI route enters proxy handler wrapper", func(t *testing.T) {
+		gotProtocol = ""
+		gotPath = ""
+
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/openai/v1/chat/completions", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if gotProtocol != "openai" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 protocol=openai, 实际 %s", gotProtocol)
+		}
+		if gotPath != "/v1/chat/completions" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 path=/v1/chat/completions, 实际 %s", gotPath)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Anthropic route enters proxy handler wrapper", func(t *testing.T) {
+		gotProtocol = ""
+		gotPath = ""
+
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/anthropic/v1/messages", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if gotProtocol != "anthropic" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 protocol=anthropic, 实际 %s", gotProtocol)
+		}
+		if gotPath != "/v1/messages" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 path=/v1/messages, 实际 %s", gotPath)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Static assets are not hijacked", func(t *testing.T) {
+		gotProtocol = ""
+		gotPath = ""
+
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/assets/test.js", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if gotProtocol != "" || gotPath != "" {
+			t.Errorf("静态资源不应进入代理包装器，实际 protocol=%s path=%s", gotProtocol, gotPath)
+		}
+		if w.Code == http.StatusOK {
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(w.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "application/javascript") {
+				t.Errorf("期望 JS Content-Type, 实际 %s", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Errorf("期望静态资源返回 200 或 404, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SPA path keeps fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/providers", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(w.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "text/html") {
+			t.Errorf("期望返回 HTML，实际 %s", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Unknown proxy-like path does not return index html", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/openai/unknown", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("显式代理路由应进入代理包装器，实际状态码 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if gotProtocol != "openai" || gotPath != "/unknown" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 unknown 代理路径进入 openai 包装器，实际 protocol=%s path=%s", gotProtocol, gotPath)
+		}
+	})
+}

backend/cmd/server/main.go

@@ -3,46 +3,38 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/pressly/goose/v3"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
-	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/config"
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/anthropic"
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/openai"
+	"nex/backend/internal/database"
 	"nex/backend/internal/handler"
 	"nex/backend/internal/handler/middleware"
 	"nex/backend/internal/provider"
 	"nex/backend/internal/repository"
 	"nex/backend/internal/service"
+	"nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo"
 	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	// 1. 加载配置（已包含 CLI 参数解析、环境变量绑定、配置文件读取和验证）
-	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig()
+	minimalLogger := pkgLogger.NewMinimal()
+
+	cfg, cfgMeta, err := config.LoadServerConfigWithMetadata()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("加载配置失败: %v", err)
+		minimalLogger.Fatal("加载配置失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 
-	// 2. 打印配置摘要
-	cfg.PrintSummary()
-
-	// 3. 初始化日志
-	zapLogger, err := pkgLogger.New(pkgLogger.Config{
+	zapLogger, err := pkgLogger.Upgrade(minimalLogger, pkgLogger.Config{
 		Level:      cfg.Log.Level,
 		Path:       cfg.Log.Path,
 		MaxSize:    cfg.Log.MaxSize,
@@ -51,48 +43,59 @@ func main() {
 		Compress:   cfg.Log.Compress,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("初始化日志失败: %v", err)
+		minimalLogger.Fatal("初始化日志失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
-	defer zapLogger.Sync()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := zapLogger.Sync(); err != nil {
+			minimalLogger.Warn("同步日志失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
 
-	// 3. 初始化数据库
-	db, err := initDatabase(cfg)
+	cfg.PrintSummary(zapLogger)
+
+	db, err := database.Init(&cfg.Database, zapLogger)
 	if err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("初始化数据库失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("初始化数据库失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
-	defer closeDB(db)
+	defer database.Close(db)
 
-	// 4. 初始化 repository 层
 	providerRepo := repository.NewProviderRepository(db)
 	modelRepo := repository.NewModelRepository(db)
 	statsRepo := repository.NewStatsRepository(db)
 
-	// 5. 初始化 service 层
-	providerService := service.NewProviderService(providerRepo)
-	modelService := service.NewModelService(modelRepo, providerRepo)
-	routingService := service.NewRoutingService(modelRepo, providerRepo)
-	statsService := service.NewStatsService(statsRepo)
+	routingCache := service.NewRoutingCache(modelRepo, providerRepo, zapLogger)
+	if err := routingCache.Preload(); err != nil {
+		zapLogger.Warn("缓存预热失败，将使用懒加载", zap.Error(err))
+	}
+
+	statsBuffer := service.NewStatsBuffer(statsRepo, zapLogger,
+		service.WithFlushInterval(5*time.Second),
+		service.WithFlushThreshold(100))
+	statsBuffer.Start()
+
+	providerService := service.NewProviderService(providerRepo, modelRepo, routingCache)
+	modelService := service.NewModelService(modelRepo, providerRepo, routingCache)
+	routingService := service.NewRoutingService(routingCache)
+	statsService := service.NewStatsService(statsRepo, statsBuffer)
 
-	// 6. 创建 ConversionEngine
 	registry := conversion.NewMemoryRegistry()
 	if err := registry.Register(openai.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 OpenAI 适配器失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 OpenAI 适配器失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 	if err := registry.Register(anthropic.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 Anthropic 适配器失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 Anthropic 适配器失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 	engine := conversion.NewConversionEngine(registry, zapLogger)
 
-	// 7. 初始化 provider client
-	providerClient := provider.NewClient()
+	providerClient := provider.NewClient(zapLogger)
 
-	// 8. 初始化 handler 层
-	proxyHandler := handler.NewProxyHandler(engine, providerClient, routingService, providerService, statsService)
+	proxyHandler := handler.NewProxyHandler(engine, providerClient, routingService, providerService, statsService, zapLogger)
 	providerHandler := handler.NewProviderHandler(providerService)
 	modelHandler := handler.NewModelHandler(modelService)
 	statsHandler := handler.NewStatsHandler(statsService)
+	versionHandler := handler.NewVersionHandler()
+	settingsHandler := handler.NewSettingsHandler(cfg, "server", false, cfgMeta.ConfigPath)
 
-	// 9. 创建 Gin 引擎
 	gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
 	r := gin.New()
 
@@ -101,20 +104,23 @@ func main() {
 	r.Use(middleware.Logging(zapLogger))
 	r.Use(middleware.CORS())
 
-	setupRoutes(r, proxyHandler, providerHandler, modelHandler, statsHandler)
+	setupRoutes(r, proxyHandler, providerHandler, modelHandler, statsHandler, versionHandler, settingsHandler)
 
-	// 10. 启动服务器
 	srv := &http.Server{
-		Addr:         formatAddr(cfg.Server.Port),
+		Addr:         fmt.Sprintf(":%d", cfg.Server.Port),
 		Handler:      r,
 		ReadTimeout:  cfg.Server.ReadTimeout,
 		WriteTimeout: cfg.Server.WriteTimeout,
 	}
 
 	go func() {
-		zapLogger.Info("AI Gateway 启动", zap.String("addr", srv.Addr))
+		zapLogger.Info("AI Gateway 启动",
+			zap.String("addr", srv.Addr),
+			zap.String("version", buildinfo.Version()),
+			zap.String("commit", buildinfo.Commit()),
+			zap.String("build_time", buildinfo.BuildTime()))
 		if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-			zapLogger.Fatal("服务器启动失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+			zapLogger.Fatal("服务器启动失败", zap.Error(err))
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -128,89 +134,18 @@ func main() {
 	defer cancel()
 
 	if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("服务器强制关闭", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("服务器强制关闭", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 
+	statsBuffer.Stop()
+
 	zapLogger.Info("服务器已关闭")
 }
 
-func initDatabase(cfg *config.Config) (*gorm.DB, error) {
-	db, err := gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(cfg.Database.Path), &gorm.Config{
-		Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info),
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
+func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHandler *handler.ProviderHandler, modelHandler *handler.ModelHandler, statsHandler *handler.StatsHandler, versionHandler *handler.VersionHandler, settingsHandler *handler.SettingsHandler) {
+	r.Any("/:protocol/*path", proxyHandler.HandleProxy)
+	r.GET("/api/version", versionHandler.GetVersion)
 
-	if err := db.Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL").Error; err != nil {
-		log.Printf("警告: 启用 WAL 模式失败: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	if err := runMigrations(db); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("数据库迁移失败: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(cfg.Database.MaxIdleConns)
-	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(cfg.Database.MaxOpenConns)
-	sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime)
-
-	log.Printf("数据库连接池配置: MaxIdle=%d, MaxOpen=%d, MaxLifetime=%v",
-		cfg.Database.MaxIdleConns, cfg.Database.MaxOpenConns, cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime)
-
-	return db, nil
-}
-
-func runMigrations(db *gorm.DB) error {
-	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	migrationsDir := getMigrationsDir()
-	if _, err := os.Stat(migrationsDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("迁移目录不存在: %s", migrationsDir)
-	}
-
-	goose.SetDialect("sqlite3")
-	if err := goose.Up(sqlDB, migrationsDir); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	return nil
-}
-
-func getMigrationsDir() string {
-	_, filename, _, ok := runtime.Caller(0)
-	if ok {
-		dir := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), "..", "..", "migrations")
-		if abs, err := filepath.Abs(dir); err == nil {
-			return abs
-		}
-	}
-	return "./migrations"
-}
-
-func closeDB(db *gorm.DB) {
-	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	sqlDB.Close()
-}
-
-func formatAddr(port int) string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port)
-}
-
-func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHandler *handler.ProviderHandler, modelHandler *handler.ModelHandler, statsHandler *handler.StatsHandler) {
-	// 统一代理入口: /{protocol}/v1/{path}
-	r.Any("/:protocol/v1/*path", proxyHandler.HandleProxy)
-
-	// 供应商管理 API
 	providers := r.Group("/api/providers")
 	{
 		providers.GET("", providerHandler.ListProviders)
@@ -220,7 +155,6 @@ func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHand
 		providers.DELETE("/:id", providerHandler.DeleteProvider)
 	}
 
-	// 模型管理 API
 	models := r.Group("/api/models")
 	{
 		models.GET("", modelHandler.ListModels)
@@ -230,14 +164,18 @@ func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHand
 		models.DELETE("/:id", modelHandler.DeleteModel)
 	}
 
-	// 统计查询 API
 	stats := r.Group("/api/stats")
 	{
 		stats.GET("", statsHandler.GetStats)
 		stats.GET("/aggregate", statsHandler.AggregateStats)
 	}
 
-	// 健康检查
+	settings := r.Group("/api/settings")
+	{
+		settings.GET("/startup", settingsHandler.GetStartupSettings)
+		settings.PUT("/startup", settingsHandler.SaveStartupSettings)
+	}
+
 	r.GET("/health", func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
 	})

backend/cmd/server/routes_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/handler"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestSetupRoutes_Version(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	setupRoutes(r, &handler.ProxyHandler{}, &handler.ProviderHandler{}, &handler.ModelHandler{}, &handler.StatsHandler{}, handler.NewVersionHandler(), handler.NewSettingsHandler(nil, "server", false, ""))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/version", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+
+	var result map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解析响应失败: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"version", "commit", "build_time"} {
+		if result[key] == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("响应缺少 %s 字段: %#v", key, result)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/go.mod

@@ -2,69 +2,249 @@ module nex/backend
 
 go 1.26.2
 
+replace nex/embedfs => ../embedfs
+
+tool (
+	github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/cmd/golangci-lint
+	go.uber.org/mock/mockgen
+)
+
 require (
+	github.com/getlantern/systray v1.2.2
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.12.0
 	github.com/go-playground/validator/v10 v10.30.2
+	github.com/gofrs/flock v0.13.0
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0
 	github.com/pressly/goose/v3 v3.27.0
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10
 	github.com/spf13/viper v1.21.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
+	go.uber.org/mock v0.6.0
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.1
 	gopkg.in/lumberjack.v2 v2.0.0
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
+	gorm.io/driver/mysql v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/driver/sqlite v1.6.0
 	gorm.io/gorm v1.31.1
+	nex/embedfs v0.0.0-00010101000000-000000000000
 )
 
 require (
+	4d63.com/gocheckcompilerdirectives v1.3.0 // indirect
+	4d63.com/gochecknoglobals v0.2.2 // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/4meepo/tagalign v1.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/Abirdcfly/dupword v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/errname v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/nilnil v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Antonboom/testifylint v1.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/BurntSushi/toml v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/Crocmagnon/fatcontext v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Djarvur/go-err113 v0.0.0-20210108212216-aea10b59be24 // indirect
+	github.com/GaijinEntertainment/go-exhaustruct/v3 v3.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/Masterminds/semver/v3 v3.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/OpenPeeDeeP/depguard/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/alecthomas/go-check-sumtype v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/alexkohler/nakedret/v2 v2.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/alexkohler/prealloc v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/alingse/asasalint v0.0.11 // indirect
+	github.com/alingse/nilnesserr v0.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ashanbrown/forbidigo v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ashanbrown/makezero v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bkielbasa/cyclop v1.2.3 // indirect
+	github.com/blizzy78/varnamelen v0.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/bombsimon/wsl/v4 v4.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/breml/bidichk v0.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/breml/errchkjson v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/butuzov/ireturn v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/butuzov/mirror v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/gopkg v0.1.3 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/catenacyber/perfsprint v0.8.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ccojocar/zxcvbn-go v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/charithe/durationcheck v0.0.10 // indirect
+	github.com/chavacava/garif v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ckaznocha/intrange v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.6 // indirect
+	github.com/curioswitch/go-reassign v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/daixiang0/gci v0.13.5 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
+	github.com/denis-tingaikin/go-header v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ettle/strcase v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/structtag v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/firefart/nonamedreturns v1.0.5 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fzipp/gocyclo v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.13 // indirect
+	github.com/getlantern/context v0.0.0-20190109183933-c447772a6520 // indirect
+	github.com/getlantern/errors v0.0.0-20190325191628-abdb3e3e36f7 // indirect
+	github.com/getlantern/golog v0.0.0-20190830074920-4ef2e798c2d7 // indirect
+	github.com/getlantern/hex v0.0.0-20190417191902-c6586a6fe0b7 // indirect
+	github.com/getlantern/hidden v0.0.0-20190325191715-f02dbb02be55 // indirect
+	github.com/getlantern/ops v0.0.0-20190325191751-d70cb0d6f85f // indirect
+	github.com/ghostiam/protogetter v0.3.9 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-critic/go-critic v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/locales v0.14.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-playground/universal-translator v0.18.1 // indirect
+	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/go-stack/stack v1.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcast v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-toolsmith/astcopy v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-toolsmith/astequal v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-toolsmith/astfmt v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-toolsmith/astp v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-toolsmith/strparse v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-toolsmith/typep v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-xmlfmt/xmlfmt v1.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/gobwas/glob v0.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5 // indirect
 	github.com/goccy/go-yaml v1.19.2 // indirect
+	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.3 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/dupl v0.0.0-20250308024227-f665c8d69b32 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/go-printf-func-name v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/gofmt v0.0.0-20250106114630-d62b90e6713d // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/golangci-lint v1.64.8 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/misspell v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/plugin-module-register v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/revgrep v0.8.0 // indirect
+	github.com/golangci/unconvert v0.0.0-20240309020433-c5143eacb3ed // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gordonklaus/ineffassign v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/analysisutil v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/comment v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/forcetypeassert v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/gostaticanalysis/nilerr v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
+	github.com/hexops/gotextdiff v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/jgautheron/goconst v1.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/jingyugao/rowserrcheck v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/inflection v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jinzhu/now v1.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/jjti/go-spancheck v0.6.4 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
+	github.com/julz/importas v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/karamaru-alpha/copyloopvar v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/kisielk/errcheck v1.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/kkHAIKE/contextcheck v1.1.6 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/kulti/thelper v0.6.3 // indirect
+	github.com/kunwardeep/paralleltest v1.0.10 // indirect
+	github.com/lasiar/canonicalheader v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/exptostd v0.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/gomoddirectives v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/grignotin v0.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/tagliatelle v0.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ldez/usetesting v0.4.2 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/leonklingele/grouper v1.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/macabu/inamedparam v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/maratori/testableexamples v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/maratori/testpackage v1.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/matoous/godox v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.22 // indirect
+	github.com/matttproud/golang_protobuf_extensions v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/mfridman/interpolate v0.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mgechev/revive v1.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/go-homedir v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/moricho/tparallel v0.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/nakabonne/nestif v0.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/nishanths/exhaustive v0.12.0 // indirect
+	github.com/nishanths/predeclared v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/nunnatsa/ginkgolinter v0.19.1 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v0.0.5 // indirect
+	github.com/oxtoacart/bpool v0.0.0-20190530202638-03653db5a59c // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.4 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
+	github.com/polyfloyd/go-errorlint v1.7.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.32.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.19.2 // indirect
+	github.com/quasilyte/go-ruleguard v0.4.3-0.20240823090925-0fe6f58b47b1 // indirect
+	github.com/quasilyte/go-ruleguard/dsl v0.3.22 // indirect
+	github.com/quasilyte/gogrep v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/quasilyte/regex/syntax v0.0.0-20210819130434-b3f0c404a727 // indirect
+	github.com/quasilyte/stdinfo v0.0.0-20220114132959-f7386bf02567 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/qpack v0.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/quic-go/quic-go v0.59.0 // indirect
+	github.com/raeperd/recvcheck v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
+	github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ryancurrah/gomodguard v1.3.5 // indirect
+	github.com/ryanrolds/sqlclosecheck v0.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sagikazarmark/locafero v0.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sanposhiho/wastedassign/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sashamelentyev/interfacebloat v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sashamelentyev/usestdlibvars v1.28.0 // indirect
+	github.com/securego/gosec/v2 v2.22.2 // indirect
 	github.com/sethvargo/go-retry v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/sivchari/containedctx v1.0.3 // indirect
+	github.com/sivchari/tenv v1.12.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sonatard/noctx v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sourcegraph/conc v0.3.1-0.20240121214520-5f936abd7ae8 // indirect
+	github.com/sourcegraph/go-diff v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/cast v1.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ssgreg/nlreturn/v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/stbenjam/no-sprintf-host-port v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/subosito/gotenv v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tdakkota/asciicheck v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tetafro/godot v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/timakin/bodyclose v0.0.0-20241017074812-ed6a65f985e3 // indirect
+	github.com/timonwong/loggercheck v0.10.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tomarrell/wrapcheck/v2 v2.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tommy-muehle/go-mnd/v2 v2.5.1 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/ultraware/funlen v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ultraware/whitespace v0.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/uudashr/gocognit v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/uudashr/iface v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/xen0n/gosmopolitan v1.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/yagipy/maintidx v1.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/yeya24/promlinter v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/ykadowak/zerologlint v0.1.5 // indirect
+	gitlab.com/bosi/decorder v0.4.2 // indirect
+	go-simpler.org/musttag v0.13.0 // indirect
+	go-simpler.org/sloglint v0.9.0 // indirect
 	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/automaxprocs v1.6.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.22.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/exp/typeparams v0.0.0-20250210185358-939b2ce775ac // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.33.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/net v0.51.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.42.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools/go/expect v0.1.1-deprecated // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools/go/packages/packagestest v0.1.1-deprecated // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/natefinch/lumberjack.v2 v2.2.1 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
+	honnef.co/go/tools v0.6.1 // indirect
+	mvdan.cc/gofumpt v0.7.0 // indirect
+	mvdan.cc/unparam v0.0.0-20240528143540-8a5130ca722f // indirect
 )

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
 	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
@@ -32,7 +33,13 @@ type ServerConfig struct {
 
 // DatabaseConfig 数据库配置
 type DatabaseConfig struct {
-	Path            string        `yaml:"path" mapstructure:"path" validate:"required"`
+	Driver          string        `yaml:"driver" mapstructure:"driver" validate:"required,oneof=sqlite mysql"`
+	Path            string        `yaml:"path" mapstructure:"path" validate:"required_if=Driver sqlite"`
+	Host            string        `yaml:"host" mapstructure:"host" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql"`
+	Port            int           `yaml:"port" mapstructure:"port" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql,omitempty,min=1,max=65535"`
+	User            string        `yaml:"user" mapstructure:"user" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql"`
+	Password        string        `yaml:"password" mapstructure:"password"`
+	DBName          string        `yaml:"dbname" mapstructure:"dbname" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql"`
 	MaxIdleConns    int           `yaml:"max_idle_conns" mapstructure:"max_idle_conns" validate:"required,min=1"`
 	MaxOpenConns    int           `yaml:"max_open_conns" mapstructure:"max_open_conns" validate:"required,min=1"`
 	ConnMaxLifetime time.Duration `yaml:"conn_max_lifetime" mapstructure:"conn_max_lifetime" validate:"required"`
@@ -51,7 +58,10 @@ type LogConfig struct {
 // DefaultConfig returns default config values
 func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 	// Use home dir for default paths
-	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		homeDir = "."
+	}
 	nexDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".nex")
 
 	return &Config{
@@ -61,7 +71,13 @@ func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 			WriteTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
 		},
 		Database: DatabaseConfig{
+			Driver:          "sqlite",
 			Path:            filepath.Join(nexDir, "config.db"),
+			Host:            "",
+			Port:            3306,
+			User:            "",
+			Password:        "",
+			DBName:          "nex",
 			MaxIdleConns:    10,
 			MaxOpenConns:    100,
 			ConnMaxLifetime: 1 * time.Hour,
@@ -84,7 +100,7 @@ func GetConfigDir() (string, error) {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	configDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".nex")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	return configDir, nil
@@ -110,14 +126,23 @@ func GetConfigPath() (string, error) {
 
 // setupDefaults 设置默认配置值
 func setupDefaults(v *viper.Viper) {
-	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		homeDir = "."
+	}
 	nexDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".nex")
 
 	v.SetDefault("server.port", 9826)
 	v.SetDefault("server.read_timeout", "30s")
 	v.SetDefault("server.write_timeout", "30s")
 
+	v.SetDefault("database.driver", "sqlite")
 	v.SetDefault("database.path", filepath.Join(nexDir, "config.db"))
+	v.SetDefault("database.host", "")
+	v.SetDefault("database.port", 3306)
+	v.SetDefault("database.user", "")
+	v.SetDefault("database.password", "")
+	v.SetDefault("database.dbname", "nex")
 	v.SetDefault("database.max_idle_conns", 10)
 	v.SetDefault("database.max_open_conns", 100)
 	v.SetDefault("database.conn_max_lifetime", "1h")
@@ -138,7 +163,13 @@ func setupFlags(v *viper.Viper, flagSet *pflag.FlagSet) {
 	flagSet.Duration("server-read-timeout", 0, "读超时")
 	flagSet.Duration("server-write-timeout", 0, "写超时")
 
+	flagSet.String("database-driver", "", "数据库驱动：sqlite/mysql")
 	flagSet.String("database-path", "", "数据库文件路径")
+	flagSet.String("database-host", "", "MySQL 主机地址")
+	flagSet.Int("database-port", 0, "MySQL 端口")
+	flagSet.String("database-user", "", "MySQL 用户名")
+	flagSet.String("database-password", "", "MySQL 密码")
+	flagSet.String("database-dbname", "", "MySQL 数据库名")
 	flagSet.Int("database-max-idle-conns", 0, "最大空闲连接数")
 	flagSet.Int("database-max-open-conns", 0, "最大打开连接数")
 	flagSet.Duration("database-conn-max-lifetime", 0, "连接最大生命周期")
@@ -152,21 +183,33 @@ func setupFlags(v *viper.Viper, flagSet *pflag.FlagSet) {
 
 	// 绑定所有 flag 到 viper
 	// 注意：必须在设置默认值之后绑定
-	v.BindPFlag("server.port", flagSet.Lookup("server-port"))
-	v.BindPFlag("server.read_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-read-timeout"))
-	v.BindPFlag("server.write_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-write-timeout"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "server.port", flagSet.Lookup("server-port"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "server.read_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-read-timeout"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "server.write_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-write-timeout"))
 
-	v.BindPFlag("database.path", flagSet.Lookup("database-path"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.max_idle_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-idle-conns"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.max_open_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-open-conns"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.conn_max_lifetime", flagSet.Lookup("database-conn-max-lifetime"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.driver", flagSet.Lookup("database-driver"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.path", flagSet.Lookup("database-path"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.host", flagSet.Lookup("database-host"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.port", flagSet.Lookup("database-port"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.user", flagSet.Lookup("database-user"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.password", flagSet.Lookup("database-password"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.dbname", flagSet.Lookup("database-dbname"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.max_idle_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-idle-conns"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.max_open_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-open-conns"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.conn_max_lifetime", flagSet.Lookup("database-conn-max-lifetime"))
 
-	v.BindPFlag("log.level", flagSet.Lookup("log-level"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.path", flagSet.Lookup("log-path"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.max_size", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-size"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.max_backups", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-backups"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.max_age", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-age"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.compress", flagSet.Lookup("log-compress"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.level", flagSet.Lookup("log-level"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.path", flagSet.Lookup("log-path"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.max_size", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-size"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.max_backups", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-backups"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.max_age", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-age"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.compress", flagSet.Lookup("log-compress"))
+}
+
+func bindPFlag(v *viper.Viper, key string, flag *pflag.Flag) {
+	if err := v.BindPFlag(key, flag); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("绑定 flag %s 失败: %v", key, err))
+	}
 }
 
 // setupEnv 绑定环境变量
@@ -181,73 +224,156 @@ func setupConfigFile(v *viper.Viper, configPath string) error {
 	v.SetConfigFile(configPath)
 	v.SetConfigType("yaml")
 
-	// 尝试读取配置文件，如果不存在则忽略
 	if err := v.ReadInConfig(); err != nil {
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
-		}
-		// 配置文件不存在，创建默认配置文件
-		if err := v.SafeWriteConfig(); err != nil {
-			// 忽略写入错误（可能目录已存在等）
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return nil
 		}
+		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// LoadConfig loads config from YAML file, creates default if not exists
-func LoadConfig() (*Config, error) {
-	configPath, err := GetConfigPath()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
-	}
-	return LoadConfigFromPath(configPath)
+type ConfigMetadata struct {
+	ConfigPath string
 }
 
-// LoadConfigFromPath 从指定路径加载配置
-func LoadConfigFromPath(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
-	// 1. 创建 Viper 实例
+type loadOptions struct {
+	configPathOverride string
+	useCLI             bool
+	useEnv             bool
+	useConfigFlag      bool
+}
+
+// resolveConfigPath 根据 loadOptions 解析 CLI 参数并返回最终配置文件路径
+func resolveConfigPath(v *viper.Viper, opts loadOptions) (string, error) {
+	configPath := opts.configPathOverride
+
+	if !opts.useCLI && !opts.useConfigFlag {
+		return configPath, nil
+	}
+
+	flagSet := pflag.NewFlagSet("config", pflag.ContinueOnError)
+	if opts.useConfigFlag {
+		flagSet.String("config", opts.configPathOverride, "配置文件路径")
+	}
+	if opts.useCLI {
+		setupFlags(v, flagSet)
+	}
+
+	if err := flagSet.Parse(os.Args[1:]); err != nil {
+		return "", appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInvalidRequest, err)
+	}
+
+	if opts.useConfigFlag {
+		if f, err := flagSet.GetString("config"); err == nil && f != "" {
+			configPath = f
+		}
+	}
+
+	return configPath, nil
+}
+
+func loadConfig(opts loadOptions) (*Config, error) {
+	cfg, _, err := loadConfigWithMetadata(opts)
+	return cfg, err
+}
+
+func loadConfigWithMetadata(opts loadOptions) (*Config, ConfigMetadata, error) {
 	v := viper.New()
 
-	// 2. 定义 CLI 参数
-	flagSet := pflag.NewFlagSet("config", pflag.ContinueOnError)
-	flagSet.String("config", configPath, "配置文件路径")
-	setupFlags(v, flagSet)
-
-	// 3. 解析 CLI 参数（忽略错误，因为可能没有参数）
-	flagSet.Parse(os.Args[1:])
-
-	// 4. 获取配置文件路径（可能被 --config 参数覆盖）
-	if configPathFlag, err := flagSet.GetString("config"); err == nil && configPathFlag != "" {
-		configPath = configPathFlag
-	}
-
-	// 5. 设置默认值
 	setupDefaults(v)
 
-	// 6. 绑定环境变量
-	setupEnv(v)
-
-	// 7. 读取配置文件
-	if err := setupConfigFile(v, configPath); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	configPath, err := resolveConfigPath(v, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, err
+	}
+
+	if opts.useEnv {
+		setupEnv(v)
+	}
+
+	if err := setupConfigFile(v, configPath); err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, err
 	}
 
-	// 8. 反序列化到结构体
 	cfg := &Config{}
 	if err := v.Unmarshal(cfg, viper.DecodeHook(mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
 		mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
 		mapstructure.StringToSliceHookFunc(","),
 	))); err != nil {
-		return nil, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 
-	// 9. 验证配置
 	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, err
 	}
 
-	return cfg, nil
+	return cfg, ConfigMetadata{ConfigPath: configPath}, nil
+}
+
+// LoadServerConfig 为 server 入口加载配置，支持 CLI 参数、环境变量和 --config
+func LoadServerConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	cfg, _, err := LoadServerConfigWithMetadata()
+	return cfg, err
+}
+
+func LoadServerConfigWithMetadata() (*Config, ConfigMetadata, error) {
+	configPath, err := GetConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
+	}
+	return loadConfigWithMetadata(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             true,
+		useEnv:             true,
+		useConfigFlag:      true,
+	})
+}
+
+// LoadDesktopConfig 为 desktop 入口加载配置，固定使用默认配置文件，不支持 CLI、环境变量和 --config
+func LoadDesktopConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	cfg, _, err := LoadDesktopConfigWithMetadata()
+	return cfg, err
+}
+
+func LoadDesktopConfigWithMetadata() (*Config, ConfigMetadata, error) {
+	configPath, err := GetConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
+	}
+	return loadConfigWithMetadata(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             false,
+		useEnv:             false,
+		useConfigFlag:      false,
+	})
+}
+
+// LoadConfig loads config from YAML file.
+// 向后兼容，等同于 LoadServerConfig。
+func LoadConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	return LoadServerConfig()
+}
+
+// LoadConfigFromPath 从指定路径加载配置。
+// 保留向后兼容，沿用 server 语义（支持 CLI、env 和 --config 覆盖）。
+func LoadConfigFromPath(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
+	return loadConfig(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             true,
+		useEnv:             true,
+		useConfigFlag:      true,
+	})
+}
+
+// LoadDesktopConfigAtPath 从指定路径以 desktop 语义加载配置（仅配置文件和默认值），用于测试场景。
+func LoadDesktopConfigAtPath(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
+	return loadConfig(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             false,
+		useEnv:             false,
+		useConfigFlag:      false,
+	})
 }
 
 // SaveConfig saves config to YAML file
@@ -256,19 +382,21 @@ func SaveConfig(cfg *Config) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
+	return SaveConfigToPath(cfg, configPath)
+}
 
+func SaveConfigToPath(cfg *Config, configPath string) error {
 	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 
-	// Ensure directory exists
 	dir := filepath.Dir(configPath)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
 		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 
-	return os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0644)
+	return os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o600)
 }
 
 // Validate validates the config
@@ -281,16 +409,24 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 }
 
 // PrintSummary 打印配置摘要
-func (c *Config) PrintSummary() {
-	fmt.Println("\nAI Gateway 启动配置")
-	fmt.Println("==================")
-	fmt.Printf("服务器端口:     %d\n", c.Server.Port)
-	fmt.Printf("数据库路径:     %s\n", c.Database.Path)
-	fmt.Printf("日志级别:       %s\n", c.Log.Level)
-	fmt.Println("\n配置来源:")
-	configPath, _ := GetConfigPath()
-	fmt.Printf("  配置文件:     %s\n", configPath)
-	fmt.Println("  环境变量:     待统计")
-	fmt.Println("  CLI 参数:     待统计")
-	fmt.Println()
+func (c *Config) PrintSummary(logger *zap.Logger) {
+	logger.Info("AI Gateway 启动配置",
+		zap.Int("server_port", c.Server.Port),
+		zap.String("database_driver", c.Database.Driver),
+		zap.String("log_level", c.Log.Level),
+	)
+
+	if c.Database.Driver == "mysql" {
+		logger.Info("数据库配置",
+			zap.String("driver", "mysql"),
+			zap.String("host", c.Database.Host),
+			zap.Int("port", c.Database.Port),
+			zap.String("database", c.Database.DBName),
+		)
+	} else {
+		logger.Info("数据库配置",
+			zap.String("driver", "sqlite"),
+			zap.String("path", c.Database.Path),
+		)
+	}
 }

backend/internal/config/config_metadata_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+func TestLoadDesktopConfigAtPath_WithMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
+
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Server.Port = 8888
+	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o600))
+
+	loaded, meta, err := loadConfigWithMetadata(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             false,
+		useEnv:             false,
+		useConfigFlag:      false,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8888, loaded.Server.Port)
+	assert.Equal(t, configPath, meta.ConfigPath)
+}
+
+func TestSaveConfigToPath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "sub", "config.yaml")
+
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Server.Port = 7777
+
+	err := SaveConfigToPath(cfg, configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(data), "7777")
+}
+
+func TestSaveConfigToPath_InvalidDir(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	err := SaveConfigToPath(cfg, "/dev/null/impossible/config.yaml")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestDurationConversion(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	dto := configToDTO(cfg)
+
+	parsed, err := time.ParseDuration(dto.Server.ReadTimeout)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, cfg.Server.ReadTimeout, parsed)
+
+	parsed, err = time.ParseDuration(dto.Database.ConnMaxLifetime)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime, parsed)
+}
+
+func configToDTO(c *Config) struct {
+	Server struct {
+		Port         int    `json:"port"`
+		ReadTimeout  string `json:"read_timeout"`
+		WriteTimeout string `json:"write_timeout"`
+	}
+	Database struct {
+		ConnMaxLifetime string `json:"conn_max_lifetime"`
+	}
+} {
+	var result struct {
+		Server struct {
+			Port         int    `json:"port"`
+			ReadTimeout  string `json:"read_timeout"`
+			WriteTimeout string `json:"write_timeout"`
+		}
+		Database struct {
+			ConnMaxLifetime string `json:"conn_max_lifetime"`
+		}
+	}
+	result.Server.Port = c.Server.Port
+	result.Server.ReadTimeout = c.Server.ReadTimeout.String()
+	result.Server.WriteTimeout = c.Server.WriteTimeout.String()
+	result.Database.ConnMaxLifetime = c.Database.ConnMaxLifetime.String()
+	return result
+}

backend/internal/config/config_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
@@ -19,6 +20,12 @@ func TestDefaultConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 30*time.Second, cfg.Server.ReadTimeout)
 	assert.Equal(t, 30*time.Second, cfg.Server.WriteTimeout)
 
+	assert.Equal(t, "sqlite", cfg.Database.Driver)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", cfg.Database.Host)
+	assert.Equal(t, 3306, cfg.Database.Port)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", cfg.Database.User)
+	assert.Equal(t, "", cfg.Database.Password)
+	assert.Equal(t, "nex", cfg.Database.DBName)
 	assert.Equal(t, 10, cfg.Database.MaxIdleConns)
 	assert.Equal(t, 100, cfg.Database.MaxOpenConns)
 	assert.Equal(t, 1*time.Hour, cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime)
@@ -86,11 +93,76 @@ func TestConfig_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 			wantErr: false,
 		},
 		{
-			name:    "数据库路径为空无效",
+			name:    "SQLite模式路径为空无效",
 			modify:  func(c *Config) { c.Database.Path = "" },
 			wantErr: true,
 			errMsg:  "配置验证失败",
 		},
+		{
+			name:    "driver值不合法",
+			modify:  func(c *Config) { c.Database.Driver = "postgres" },
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "配置验证失败",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "MySQL配置有效",
+			modify: func(c *Config) {
+				c.Database.Driver = "mysql"
+				c.Database.Host = "localhost"
+				c.Database.Port = 3306
+				c.Database.User = "root"
+				c.Database.DBName = "nex"
+				c.Database.Path = ""
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "MySQL模式host为空无效",
+			modify: func(c *Config) {
+				c.Database.Driver = "mysql"
+				c.Database.Host = ""
+				c.Database.User = "root"
+				c.Database.DBName = "nex"
+				c.Database.Path = ""
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "配置验证失败",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "MySQL模式user为空无效",
+			modify: func(c *Config) {
+				c.Database.Driver = "mysql"
+				c.Database.Host = "localhost"
+				c.Database.User = ""
+				c.Database.DBName = "nex"
+				c.Database.Path = ""
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "配置验证失败",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "MySQL模式dbname为空无效",
+			modify: func(c *Config) {
+				c.Database.Driver = "mysql"
+				c.Database.Host = "localhost"
+				c.Database.User = "root"
+				c.Database.DBName = ""
+				c.Database.Path = ""
+			},
+			wantErr: true,
+			errMsg:  "配置验证失败",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "MySQL模式忽略path字段",
+			modify: func(c *Config) {
+				c.Database.Driver = "mysql"
+				c.Database.Host = "localhost"
+				c.Database.User = "root"
+				c.Database.DBName = "nex"
+				c.Database.Path = ""
+			},
+			wantErr: false,
+		},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -100,7 +172,9 @@ func TestConfig_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 			err := cfg.Validate()
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
-				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+				if err != nil {
+					assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+				}
 			} else {
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
 			}
@@ -140,7 +214,10 @@ func TestSaveAndLoadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			WriteTimeout: 20 * time.Second,
 		},
 		Database: DatabaseConfig{
+			Driver:          "sqlite",
 			Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+			Port:            3306,
+			DBName:          "nex",
 			MaxIdleConns:    5,
 			MaxOpenConns:    50,
 			ConnMaxLifetime: 30 * time.Minute,
@@ -159,7 +236,7 @@ func TestSaveAndLoadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
 	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0644)
+	err = os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o600)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// 加载配置
@@ -210,6 +287,9 @@ func TestConfigPriority(t *testing.T) {
 		assert.Equal(t, 9826, cfg.Server.Port)
 		assert.Equal(t, 30*time.Second, cfg.Server.ReadTimeout)
 		assert.Equal(t, 30*time.Second, cfg.Server.WriteTimeout)
+		assert.Equal(t, "sqlite", cfg.Database.Driver)
+		assert.Equal(t, 3306, cfg.Database.Port)
+		assert.Equal(t, "nex", cfg.Database.DBName)
 		assert.Equal(t, 10, cfg.Database.MaxIdleConns)
 		assert.Equal(t, 100, cfg.Database.MaxOpenConns)
 		assert.Equal(t, 1*time.Hour, cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime)
@@ -222,13 +302,21 @@ func TestConfigPriority(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestPrintSummary(t *testing.T) {
-	// 测试配置摘要输出
-	t.Run("打印配置摘要", func(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("SQLite模式摘要", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg := DefaultConfig()
-		// PrintSummary 只是打印，不会返回错误
-		// 这里主要验证不会 panic
 		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
-			cfg.PrintSummary()
+			cfg.PrintSummary(zap.NewNop())
+		})
+	})
+	t.Run("MySQL模式摘要", func(t *testing.T) {
+		cfg := DefaultConfig()
+		cfg.Database.Driver = "mysql"
+		cfg.Database.Host = "db.example.com"
+		cfg.Database.Port = 3306
+		cfg.Database.User = "nex"
+		cfg.Database.DBName = "nex"
+		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
+			cfg.PrintSummary(zap.NewNop())
 		})
 	})
 }

backend/internal/config/models.go

@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ import (
 
 // Provider 供应商模型
 type Provider struct {
-	ID        string         `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
-	Name      string         `gorm:"not null" json:"name"`
-	APIKey    string         `gorm:"not null" json:"api_key"`
-	BaseURL   string         `gorm:"not null" json:"base_url"`
-	Protocol  string         `gorm:"column:protocol;default:'openai'" json:"protocol"`
-	Enabled   bool           `gorm:"default:true" json:"enabled"`
-	CreatedAt time.Time      `json:"created_at"`
-	UpdatedAt time.Time      `json:"updated_at"`
-	Models    []Model        `gorm:"foreignKey:ProviderID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"models,omitempty"`
+	ID        string    `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
+	Name      string    `gorm:"not null" json:"name"`
+	APIKey    string    `gorm:"not null" json:"api_key"`
+	BaseURL   string    `gorm:"not null" json:"base_url"`
+	Protocol  string    `gorm:"column:protocol;default:'openai'" json:"protocol"`
+	Enabled   bool      `gorm:"default:true" json:"enabled"`
+	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
+	Models    []Model   `gorm:"foreignKey:ProviderID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"models,omitempty"`
 }
 
-// Model 模型配置
+// Model 模型配置（id 为 UUID 自动生成，UNIQUE(provider_id, model_name)）
 type Model struct {
 	ID         string    `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
-	ProviderID string    `gorm:"not null;index" json:"provider_id"`
-	ModelName  string    `gorm:"not null;index" json:"model_name"`
+	ProviderID string    `gorm:"not null;index;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model" json:"provider_id"`
+	ModelName  string    `gorm:"not null;index;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model" json:"model_name"`
 	Enabled    bool      `gorm:"default:true" json:"enabled"`
 	CreatedAt  time.Time `json:"created_at"`
 }
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ type Model struct {
 // UsageStats 用量统计
 type UsageStats struct {
 	ID           uint      `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement" json:"id"`
-	ProviderID   string    `gorm:"not null;index" json:"provider_id"`
-	ModelName    string    `gorm:"not null;index" json:"model_name"`
+	ProviderID   string    `gorm:"not null;index;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model_date" json:"provider_id"`
+	ModelName    string    `gorm:"not null;index;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model_date" json:"model_name"`
 	RequestCount int       `gorm:"default:0" json:"request_count"`
 	Date         time.Time `gorm:"type:date;not null;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model_date" json:"date"`
 }
@@ -47,12 +47,3 @@ func (Model) TableName() string {
 func (UsageStats) TableName() string {
 	return "usage_stats"
 }
-
-// MaskAPIKey 掩码 API Key（仅显示最后 4 个字符）
-func (p *Provider) MaskAPIKey() {
-	if len(p.APIKey) > 4 {
-		p.APIKey = "***" + p.APIKey[len(p.APIKey)-4:]
-	} else {
-		p.APIKey = "***"
-	}
-}

backend/internal/conversion/adapter.go

@@ -40,6 +40,12 @@ type ProtocolAdapter interface {
 	EncodeRerankRequest(req *canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest, provider *TargetProvider) ([]byte, error)
 	DecodeRerankResponse(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRerankResponse, error)
 	EncodeRerankResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalRerankResponse) ([]byte, error)
+
+	// 统一模型 ID 相关方法
+	ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath string) (string, error)
+	ExtractModelName(body []byte, ifaceType InterfaceType) (string, error)
+	RewriteRequestModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error)
+	RewriteResponseModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error)
 }
 
 // AdapterRegistry 适配器注册表接口

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/adapter.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package anthropic
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
@@ -39,13 +40,13 @@ func (a *Adapter) DetectInterfaceType(nativePath string) conversion.InterfaceTyp
 	}
 }
 
-// isModelInfoPath 判断是否为模型详情路径（/v1/models/{id}）
+// isModelInfoPath 判断是否为模型详情路径（/v1/models/{id}，允许 id 含 /）
 func isModelInfoPath(path string) bool {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v1/models/") {
 		return false
 	}
 	suffix := path[len("/v1/models/"):]
-	return suffix != "" && !strings.Contains(suffix, "/")
+	return suffix != ""
 }
 
 // BuildUrl 根据接口类型构建 URL
@@ -140,7 +141,10 @@ func (a *Adapter) EncodeError(err *conversion.ConversionError) ([]byte, int) {
 			Message: err.Message,
 		},
 	}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	body, marshalErr := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	if marshalErr != nil {
+		return []byte(`{"type":"error","error":{"type":"internal_error","message":"internal error"}}`), statusCode
+	}
 	return body, statusCode
 }
 
@@ -203,3 +207,82 @@ func (a *Adapter) DecodeRerankResponse(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRerankRe
 func (a *Adapter) EncodeRerankResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalRerankResponse) ([]byte, error) {
 	return nil, conversion.NewConversionError(conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, "Anthropic 不支持 Rerank 接口")
 }
+
+// ExtractUnifiedModelID 从路径中提取统一模型 ID（/v1/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}）
+func (a *Adapter) ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath string) (string, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(nativePath, "/v1/models/") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("不是模型详情路径: %s", nativePath)
+	}
+	suffix := nativePath[len("/v1/models/"):]
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("路径缺少模型 ID")
+	}
+	return suffix, nil
+}
+
+// locateModelFieldInRequest 定位请求体中 model 字段的值并提供改写函数
+func locateModelFieldInRequest(body []byte, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) (string, func(string) ([]byte, error), error) {
+	var m map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &m); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch ifaceType {
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat:
+		raw, exists := m["model"]
+		if !exists {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("请求体中缺少 model 字段")
+		}
+		var current string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &current); err != nil {
+			return "", nil, err
+		}
+		rewriteFunc := func(newModel string) ([]byte, error) {
+			encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			m["model"] = encodedModel
+			return json.Marshal(m)
+		}
+		return current, rewriteFunc, nil
+	default:
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("不支持的接口类型: %s", ifaceType)
+	}
+}
+
+// ExtractModelName 从请求体中提取 model 值
+func (a *Adapter) ExtractModelName(body []byte, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) (string, error) {
+	model, _, err := locateModelFieldInRequest(body, ifaceType)
+	return model, err
+}
+
+// RewriteRequestModelName 最小化改写请求体中的 model 字段
+func (a *Adapter) RewriteRequestModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+	_, rewriteFunc, err := locateModelFieldInRequest(body, ifaceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return rewriteFunc(newModel)
+}
+
+// RewriteResponseModelName 最小化改写响应体中的 model 字段
+func (a *Adapter) RewriteResponseModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+	var m map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch ifaceType {
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat:
+		// Chat 响应必须有 model 字段，存在则改写，不存在则添加
+		encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		m["model"] = encodedModel
+		return json.Marshal(m)
+	default:
+		return body, nil
+	}
+}

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/adapter_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package anthropic
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
@@ -48,14 +49,36 @@ func TestAdapter_DetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAdapter_APIReferenceNativePaths(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	// docs/api_reference/anthropic defines messages and models under /v1.
+	tests := []struct {
+		path     string
+		expected conversion.InterfaceType
+	}{
+		{"/v1/messages", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat},
+		{"/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels},
+		{"/v1/models/claude-sonnet-4-5", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo},
+		{"/messages", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/models", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, a.DetectInterfaceType(tt.path))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAdapter_BuildUrl(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		nativePath   string
+		name          string
+		nativePath    string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     string
+		expected      string
 	}{
 		{"聊天", "/v1/messages", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, "/v1/messages"},
 		{"模型", "/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, "/v1/models"},
@@ -102,9 +125,9 @@ func TestAdapter_SupportsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
+		name          string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     bool
+		expected      bool
 	}{
 		{"聊天", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, true},
 		{"模型", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, true},
@@ -141,8 +164,8 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedEmbedding(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("解码嵌入请求", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeEmbeddingRequest([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
@@ -150,24 +173,24 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedEmbedding(t *testing.T) {
 		provider := conversion.NewTargetProvider("https://api.anthropic.com", "key", "claude-3")
 		_, err := a.EncodeEmbeddingRequest(&canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingRequest{}, provider)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.True(t, errors.As(err, &convErr))
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("解码嵌入响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeEmbeddingResponse([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("编码嵌入响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.EncodeEmbeddingResponse(&canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingResponse{})
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 }
@@ -178,8 +201,8 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedRerank(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("解码重排序请求", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeRerankRequest([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
@@ -187,24 +210,24 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedRerank(t *testing.T) {
 		provider := conversion.NewTargetProvider("https://api.anthropic.com", "key", "claude-3")
 		_, err := a.EncodeRerankRequest(&canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest{}, provider)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("解码重排序响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeRerankResponse([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("编码重排序响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.EncodeRerankResponse(&canonical.CanonicalRerankResponse{})
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 }

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/adapter_unified_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+package anthropic
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ExtractUnifiedModelID
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractUnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("standard_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/anthropic/claude-3")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic/claude-3", id)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multi_segment_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/some/deep/nested/model")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "some/deep/nested/model", id)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single_segment", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/claude-3")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "claude-3", id)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non_model_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/messages")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty_suffix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("models_list_no_slash", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unrelated_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/other")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ExtractModelName (Chat only for Anthropic)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractModelName(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3","messages":[]}`)
+		model, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic/claude-3", model)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chat_with_max_tokens", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3-opus","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":1024}`)
+		model, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic/claude-3-opus", model)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no_model_field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"messages":[]}`)
+		_, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{invalid}`)
+		_, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported_interface_type_embedding", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3"}`)
+		_, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported_interface_type_rerank", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3"}`)
+		_, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RewriteRequestModelName (Chat only for Anthropic)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestRewriteRequestModelName(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3","messages":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "claude-3", m["model"])
+
+		msgs, ok := m["messages"]
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		msgsArr, ok := msgs.([]interface{})
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Len(t, msgsArr, 0)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves_unknown_fields", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3","max_tokens":1024,"temperature":0.7}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "claude-3", m["model"])
+		assert.Equal(t, 0.7, m["temperature"])
+
+		// max_tokens is encoded as float in JSON numbers
+		maxTokens, ok := m["max_tokens"]
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Equal(t, float64(1024), maxTokens)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no_model_field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"messages":[]}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{invalid}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported_interface_type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3"}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RewriteResponseModelName (Chat only for Anthropic)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestRewriteResponseModelName(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat_existing_model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-3","content":[],"stop_reason":"end_turn"}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "anthropic/claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic/claude-3", m["model"])
+
+		// other fields preserved
+		_, hasContent := m["content"]
+		assert.True(t, hasContent)
+		assert.Equal(t, "end_turn", m["stop_reason"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chat_without_model_field_adds_it", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"content":[],"stop_reason":"end_turn"}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "anthropic/claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic/claude-3", m["model"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("passthrough_returns_body_unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"claude-3"}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "anthropic/claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, string(body), string(rewritten))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{invalid}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "anthropic/claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ExtractModelName and RewriteRequest consistency
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractModelNameAndRewriteRequestConsistency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat_round_trip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := []byte(`{"model":"anthropic/claude-3","messages":[],"max_tokens":1024}`)
+
+		// Extract the unified model ID from the body
+		extracted, err := a.ExtractModelName(original, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "anthropic/claude-3", extracted)
+
+		// Rewrite to the native model name
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(original, "claude-3", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Extract again from the rewritten body to verify the same location was targeted
+		afterRewrite, err := a.ExtractModelName(rewritten, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "claude-3", afterRewrite)
+
+		// Verify other fields are preserved
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, float64(1024), m["max_tokens"])
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// isModelInfoPath (additional unified model ID cases)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestIsModelInfoPath_UnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		path     string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"simple_model_id", "/v1/models/claude-3", true},
+		{"unified_model_id_with_slash", "/v1/models/anthropic/claude-3", true},
+		{"models_list", "/v1/models", false},
+		{"models_list_trailing_slash", "/v1/models/", false},
+		{"messages_path", "/v1/messages", false},
+		{"deeply_nested", "/v1/models/org/workspace/claude-3-opus", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, isModelInfoPath(tt.path))
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/decoder.go

@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ func decodeRequest(body []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
 
 	var canonicalMsgs []canonical.CanonicalMessage
 	for _, msg := range req.Messages {
-		decoded := decodeMessage(msg)
+		decoded, err := decodeMessage(msg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, conversion.NewConversionError(conversion.ErrorCodeJSONParseError, "解析消息内容失败").WithCause(err)
+		}
 		canonicalMsgs = append(canonicalMsgs, decoded...)
 	}
 
@@ -94,10 +97,13 @@ func decodeSystem(system any) any {
 }
 
 // decodeMessage 解码 Anthropic 消息
-func decodeMessage(msg Message) []canonical.CanonicalMessage {
+func decodeMessage(msg Message) ([]canonical.CanonicalMessage, error) {
 	switch msg.Role {
 	case "user":
-		blocks := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		var toolResults []canonical.ContentBlock
 		var others []canonical.ContentBlock
 		for _, b := range blocks {
@@ -117,58 +123,83 @@ func decodeMessage(msg Message) []canonical.CanonicalMessage {
 		if len(result) == 0 {
 			result = append(result, canonical.CanonicalMessage{Role: canonical.RoleUser, Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}})
 		}
-		return result
+		return result, nil
 
 	case "assistant":
-		blocks := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		if len(blocks) == 0 {
 			blocks = append(blocks, canonical.NewTextBlock(""))
 		}
-		return []canonical.CanonicalMessage{{Role: canonical.RoleAssistant, Content: blocks}}
+		return []canonical.CanonicalMessage{{Role: canonical.RoleAssistant, Content: blocks}}, nil
 	}
-	return nil
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // decodeContentBlocks 解码内容块列表
-func decodeContentBlocks(content any) []canonical.ContentBlock {
+func decodeContentBlocks(content any) ([]canonical.ContentBlock, error) {
 	switch v := content.(type) {
 	case string:
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(v)}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(v)}, nil
 	case []any:
 		var blocks []canonical.ContentBlock
 		for _, item := range v {
 			if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
-				block := decodeSingleContentBlock(m)
+				block, err := decodeSingleContentBlock(m)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
 				if block != nil {
 					blocks = append(blocks, *block)
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		if len(blocks) > 0 {
-			return blocks
+			return blocks, nil
 		}
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}, nil
 	case nil:
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}, nil
 	default:
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v))}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v))}, nil
 	}
 }
 
 // decodeSingleContentBlock 解码单个内容块
-func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) *canonical.ContentBlock {
-	t, _ := m["type"].(string)
+func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) (*canonical.ContentBlock, error) {
+	t, ok := m["type"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
 	switch t {
 	case "text":
-		text, _ := m["text"].(string)
-		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "text", Text: text}
+		text, ok := m["text"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			text = ""
+		}
+		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "text", Text: text}, nil
 	case "tool_use":
-		id, _ := m["id"].(string)
-		name, _ := m["name"].(string)
-		input, _ := json.Marshal(m["input"])
-		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "tool_use", ID: id, Name: name, Input: input}
+		id, ok := m["id"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			id = ""
+		}
+		name, ok := m["name"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			name = ""
+		}
+		input, err := json.Marshal(m["input"])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "tool_use", ID: id, Name: name, Input: input}, nil
 	case "tool_result":
-		toolUseID, _ := m["tool_use_id"].(string)
+		toolUseID, ok := m["tool_use_id"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			toolUseID = ""
+		}
 		isErr := false
 		if ie, ok := m["is_error"].(bool); ok {
 			isErr = ie
@@ -179,7 +210,11 @@ func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) *canonical.ContentBlock {
 			case string:
 				content = json.RawMessage(fmt.Sprintf("%q", cv))
 			default:
-				content, _ = json.Marshal(cv)
+				encoded, err := json.Marshal(cv)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				content = encoded
 			}
 		} else {
 			content = json.RawMessage(`""`)
@@ -189,15 +224,18 @@ func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) *canonical.ContentBlock {
 			ToolUseID: toolUseID,
 			Content:   content,
 			IsError:   &isErr,
-		}
+		}, nil
 	case "thinking":
-		thinking, _ := m["thinking"].(string)
-		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "thinking", Thinking: thinking}
+		thinking, ok := m["thinking"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			thinking = ""
+		}
+		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "thinking", Thinking: thinking}, nil
 	case "redacted_thinking":
 		// 丢弃
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	return nil
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // decodeTools 解码工具定义
@@ -232,7 +270,10 @@ func decodeToolChoice(toolChoice any) *canonical.ToolChoice {
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 		}
 	case map[string]any:
-		t, _ := v["type"].(string)
+		t, ok := v["type"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
 		switch t {
 		case "auto":
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAuto()
@@ -241,7 +282,10 @@ func decodeToolChoice(toolChoice any) *canonical.ToolChoice {
 		case "any":
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 		case "tool":
-			name, _ := v["name"].(string)
+			name, ok := v["name"].(string)
+			if !ok {
+				name = ""
+			}
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceNamed(name)
 		}
 	}

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/encoder.go

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func encodeContentBlocks(blocks []canonical.ContentBlock) []map[string]any {
 			result = append(result, m)
 		case "tool_result":
 			m := map[string]any{
-				"type":       "tool_result",
+				"type":        "tool_result",
 				"tool_use_id": b.ToolUseID,
 			}
 			if b.Content != nil {
@@ -335,11 +335,11 @@ func encodeResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	result := map[string]any{
-		"id":      resp.ID,
-		"type":    "message",
-		"role":    "assistant",
-		"model":   resp.Model,
-		"content": blocks,
+		"id":            resp.ID,
+		"type":          "message",
+		"role":          "assistant",
+		"model":         resp.Model,
+		"content":       blocks,
 		"stop_reason":   sr,
 		"stop_sequence": nil,
 		"usage":         usage,

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/encoder_test.go

@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, true, result["stream"])
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(1024), result["max_tokens"])
 
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, msgs, 1)
 }
 
@@ -55,17 +56,20 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_ToolMergeIntoUser(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 
 	// tool 消息应被合并到相邻 user 消息
 	foundToolResult := false
 	for _, m := range msgs {
-		msgMap := m.(map[string]any)
+		msgMap, ok := m.(map[string]any)
+		require.True(t, ok)
 		if msgMap["role"] == "user" {
 			content, ok := msgMap["content"].([]any)
 			if ok {
 				for _, c := range content {
-					block := c.(map[string]any)
+					block, ok := c.(map[string]any)
+					require.True(t, ok)
 					if block["type"] == "tool_result" {
 						foundToolResult = true
 					}
@@ -93,8 +97,10 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_FirstUserGuarantee(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
-	firstMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	firstMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "user", firstMsg["role"])
 }
 
@@ -140,9 +146,11 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", result["role"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "end_turn", result["stop_reason"])
 
-	content := result["content"].([]any)
+	content, ok := result["content"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
-	block := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	block, ok := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "text", block["type"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "你好", block["text"])
 }
@@ -160,10 +168,12 @@ func TestEncodeModelsResponse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	data := result["data"].([]any)
+	data, ok := result["data"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, data, 1)
 
-	model := data[0].(map[string]any)
+	model, ok := data[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "claude-3-opus", model["id"])
 	// created 应为 RFC3339 格式
 	createdAt, ok := model["created_at"].(string)
@@ -280,11 +290,14 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_ConsecutiveRoleMerge(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, msgs, 1)
-	userMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	userMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "user", userMsg["role"])
-	content := userMsg["content"].([]any)
+	content, ok := userMsg["content"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, content, 2)
 }
 
@@ -321,7 +334,8 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ReasoningTokens(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	usage := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	usage, ok := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	_, hasReasoning := usage["reasoning_tokens"]
 	assert.False(t, hasReasoning)
 }
@@ -341,9 +355,11 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	content := result["content"].([]any)
+	content, ok := result["content"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
-	block := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	block, ok := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "tool_use", block["type"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "tool_1", block["id"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "search", block["name"])

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_decoder.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func NewStreamDecoder() *StreamDecoder {
 func (d *StreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
 	data := rawChunk
 	if len(d.utf8Remainder) > 0 {
-		data = append(d.utf8Remainder, rawChunk...)
+		data = append(append([]byte{}, d.utf8Remainder...), rawChunk...)
 		d.utf8Remainder = nil
 	}
 
@@ -50,9 +50,10 @@ func (d *StreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStrea
 
 	for _, line := range strings.Split(text, "\n") {
 		line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r")
-		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: ") {
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: "):
 			eventType = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "event: ")
-		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: "):
 			eventData = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
 			if eventType != "" && eventData != "" {
 				chunkEvents := d.processEvent(eventType, []byte(eventData))
@@ -60,8 +61,8 @@ func (d *StreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStrea
 			}
 			eventType = ""
 			eventData = ""
-		} else if line == "" {
-			// SSE 事件分隔符
+		case line == "":
+			continue
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ func (d *StreamDecoder) processMessageStart(data []byte) []canonical.CanonicalSt
 // processContentBlockStart 处理内容块开始事件
 func (d *StreamDecoder) processContentBlockStart(data []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
 	var raw struct {
-		Index        int    `json:"index"`
+		Index        int `json:"index"`
 		ContentBlock struct {
 			Type     string `json:"type"`
 			Text     string `json:"text"`

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_decoder_test.go

@@ -47,23 +47,23 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ContentBlockDelta(t *testing.T) {
 		checkValue string
 	}{
 		{
-			name:      "text_delta",
-			deltaType: "text_delta",
-			deltaData: map[string]any{"type": "text_delta", "text": "你好"},
+			name:       "text_delta",
+			deltaType:  "text_delta",
+			deltaData:  map[string]any{"type": "text_delta", "text": "你好"},
 			checkField: "text",
 			checkValue: "你好",
 		},
 		{
-			name:      "input_json_delta",
-			deltaType: "input_json_delta",
-			deltaData: map[string]any{"type": "input_json_delta", "partial_json": "{\"key\":"},
+			name:       "input_json_delta",
+			deltaType:  "input_json_delta",
+			deltaData:  map[string]any{"type": "input_json_delta", "partial_json": "{\"key\":"},
 			checkField: "partial_json",
 			checkValue: "{\"key\":",
 		},
 		{
-			name:      "thinking_delta",
-			deltaType: "thinking_delta",
-			deltaData: map[string]any{"type": "thinking_delta", "thinking": "思考中"},
+			name:       "thinking_delta",
+			deltaType:  "thinking_delta",
+			deltaData:  map[string]any{"type": "thinking_delta", "thinking": "思考中"},
 			checkField: "thinking",
 			checkValue: "思考中",
 		},
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ContentBlockDelta(t *testing.T) {
 			payload := map[string]any{
 				"type":  "content_block_delta",
 				"index": 0,
-				"delta":  tt.deltaData,
+				"delta": tt.deltaData,
 			}
 			raw := makeAnthropicEvent("content_block_delta", payload)
 
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_WebSearchToolResult_Suppressed(t *testing.T) {
 		"type":  "content_block_start",
 		"index": 3,
 		"content_block": map[string]any{
-			"type": "web_search_tool_result",
+			"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
 			"tool_use_id": "search_1",
 		},
 	}
@@ -331,8 +331,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_CitationsDelta_Discarded(t *testing.T) {
 		"type":  "content_block_delta",
 		"index": 0,
 		"delta": map[string]any{
-			"type":        "citations_delta",
-			"citation":    map[string]any{"title": "ref1"},
+			"type":     "citations_delta",
+			"citation": map[string]any{"title": "ref1"},
 		},
 	}
 	raw := makeAnthropicEvent("content_block_delta", payload)
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MessageDelta_UsageNotAccumulated(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	deltaPayload1 := map[string]any{
-		"type": "message_delta",
+		"type":  "message_delta",
 		"delta": map[string]any{"stop_reason": "end_turn"},
 		"usage": map[string]any{"output_tokens": 25},
 	}
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MessageDelta_UsageNotAccumulated(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 25, events[0].Usage.OutputTokens)
 
 	deltaPayload2 := map[string]any{
-		"type": "message_delta",
+		"type":  "message_delta",
 		"delta": map[string]any{"stop_reason": "end_turn"},
 		"usage": map[string]any{"output_tokens": 30},
 	}

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_encoder.go

@@ -50,16 +50,24 @@ func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeMessageStart(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent)
 	}
 	if event.Message != nil {
 		msg := map[string]any{
-			"id":    event.Message.ID,
-			"model": event.Message.Model,
-			"role":  "assistant",
+			"id":            event.Message.ID,
+			"type":          "message",
+			"role":          "assistant",
+			"content":       []any{},
+			"model":         event.Message.Model,
+			"stop_reason":   nil,
+			"stop_sequence": nil,
 		}
 		if event.Message.Usage != nil {
-			usage := map[string]any{
+			msg["usage"] = map[string]any{
 				"input_tokens":  event.Message.Usage.InputTokens,
 				"output_tokens": event.Message.Usage.OutputTokens,
 			}
-			msg["usage"] = usage
+		} else {
+			msg["usage"] = map[string]any{
+				"input_tokens":  0,
+				"output_tokens": 0,
+			}
 		}
 		payload["message"] = msg
 	}
@@ -147,6 +155,10 @@ func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeMessageDelta(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent)
 		payload["usage"] = map[string]any{
 			"output_tokens": event.Usage.OutputTokens,
 		}
+	} else {
+		payload["usage"] = map[string]any{
+			"output_tokens": 0,
+		}
 	}
 	return e.marshalEvent("message_delta", payload)
 }

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_encoder_test.go

@@ -21,8 +21,55 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageStart(t *testing.T) {
 	s := string(chunks[0])
 	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(s, "event: message_start\n"))
 	assert.Contains(t, s, "data: ")
-	assert.Contains(t, s, "msg_1")
-	assert.Contains(t, s, "claude-3")
+
+	var payload map[string]any
+	lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
+	for _, l := range lines {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(l, "data: ") {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimPrefix(l, "data: ")), &payload))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg, ok := payload["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "msg_1", msg["id"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "message", msg["type"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", msg["role"])
+	assert.Equal(t, []any{}, msg["content"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-3", msg["model"])
+	assert.Nil(t, msg["stop_reason"])
+	assert.Nil(t, msg["stop_sequence"])
+
+	usage, okU := msg["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okU)
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), usage["input_tokens"])
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), usage["output_tokens"])
+}
+
+func TestStreamEncoder_MessageStart_WithUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	e := NewStreamEncoder()
+	event := canonical.NewMessageStartEventWithUsage("msg_2", "gpt-4", &canonical.CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50})
+
+	chunks := e.EncodeEvent(event)
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
+
+	s := string(chunks[0])
+	var payload map[string]any
+	lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
+	for _, l := range lines {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(l, "data: ") {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimPrefix(l, "data: ")), &payload))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg, ok := payload["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	usage, okU := msg["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okU)
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(100), usage["input_tokens"])
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(50), usage["output_tokens"])
 }
 
 func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockDelta(t *testing.T) {
@@ -80,7 +127,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockStart_Text(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	cb := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	cb, ok := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "text", cb["type"])
 }
 
@@ -107,7 +155,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockStart_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	cb := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	cb, ok := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "tool_use", cb["type"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "toolu_1", cb["id"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "search", cb["name"])
@@ -131,7 +180,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockStart_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	cb := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	cb, ok := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "thinking", cb["type"])
 }
 
@@ -173,8 +223,13 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageDelta_WithStopReason(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	delta := payload["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	delta, okd := payload["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okd)
 	assert.Equal(t, "end_turn", delta["stop_reason"])
+
+	usage, oku := payload["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku, "message_delta SHALL always include usage")
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), usage["output_tokens"])
 }
 
 func TestStreamEncoder_MessageDelta_WithUsage(t *testing.T) {
@@ -199,7 +254,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageDelta_WithUsage(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	u := payload["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	u, oku := payload["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku)
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(88), u["output_tokens"])
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/supplemental_test.go

@@ -173,13 +173,15 @@ func TestDecodeMessage_UserWithOnlyToolResults(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecodeContentBlocks_Nil(t *testing.T) {
-	blocks := decodeContentBlocks(nil)
+	blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, blocks, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "", blocks[0].Text)
 }
 
 func TestDecodeContentBlocks_String(t *testing.T) {
-	blocks := decodeContentBlocks("hello")
+	blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks("hello")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, blocks, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hello", blocks[0].Text)
 }
@@ -217,8 +219,10 @@ func TestEncodeToolChoice(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := encodeToolChoice(tt.choice)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["type"], result.(map[string]any)["type"])
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["name"], result.(map[string]any)["name"])
+			r, ok := result.(map[string]any)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["type"], r["type"])
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["name"], r["name"])
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -315,12 +319,15 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	tools := result["tools"].([]any)
+	tools, okt := result["tools"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okt)
 	assert.Len(t, tools, 1)
-	tool := tools[0].(map[string]any)
+	tool, okt2 := tools[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okt2)
 	assert.Equal(t, "search", tool["name"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "Search things", tool["description"])
-	tc := result["tool_choice"].(map[string]any)
+	tc, oktc := result["tool_choice"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oktc)
 	assert.Equal(t, "auto", tc["type"])
 }
 
@@ -354,9 +361,9 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndCreation(t *testing.T) {
 		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("ok")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
 		Usage: canonical.CanonicalUsage{
-			InputTokens:        100,
-			OutputTokens:       50,
-			CacheReadTokens:    &cacheRead,
+			InputTokens:         100,
+			OutputTokens:        50,
+			CacheReadTokens:     &cacheRead,
 			CacheCreationTokens: &cacheCreation,
 		},
 	}
@@ -366,7 +373,8 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndCreation(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	usage := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	usage, oku := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku)
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(100), usage["input_tokens"])
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(30), usage["cache_read_input_tokens"])
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(10), usage["cache_creation_input_tokens"])

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/types.go

@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ import (
 
 // MessagesRequest Anthropic Messages 请求
 type MessagesRequest struct {
-	Model               string          `json:"model"`
-	Messages            []Message       `json:"messages"`
-	System              any             `json:"system,omitempty"`
-	MaxTokens           int             `json:"max_tokens"`
-	Temperature         *float64        `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
-	TopP                *float64        `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
-	TopK                *int            `json:"top_k,omitempty"`
-	StopSequences       []string        `json:"stop_sequences,omitempty"`
-	Stream              bool            `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	Tools               []Tool          `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	ToolChoice          any             `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
-	Metadata            *RequestMetadata `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
-	Thinking            *ThinkingConfig `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
-	OutputConfig        *OutputConfig   `json:"output_config,omitempty"`
-	DisableParallelToolUse *bool        `json:"disable_parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
-	Container           any             `json:"container,omitempty"`
+	Model                  string           `json:"model"`
+	Messages               []Message        `json:"messages"`
+	System                 any              `json:"system,omitempty"`
+	MaxTokens              int              `json:"max_tokens"`
+	Temperature            *float64         `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
+	TopP                   *float64         `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
+	TopK                   *int             `json:"top_k,omitempty"`
+	StopSequences          []string         `json:"stop_sequences,omitempty"`
+	Stream                 bool             `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Tools                  []Tool           `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice             any              `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	Metadata               *RequestMetadata `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+	Thinking               *ThinkingConfig  `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	OutputConfig           *OutputConfig    `json:"output_config,omitempty"`
+	DisableParallelToolUse *bool            `json:"disable_parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
+	Container              any              `json:"container,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // RequestMetadata 请求元数据
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ type ContentBlock struct {
 
 // ResponseUsage 响应用量
 type ResponseUsage struct {
-	InputTokens              int `json:"input_tokens"`
-	OutputTokens             int `json:"output_tokens"`
+	InputTokens              int  `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens             int  `json:"output_tokens"`
 	CacheReadInputTokens     *int `json:"cache_read_input_tokens,omitempty"`
 	CacheCreationInputTokens *int `json:"cache_creation_input_tokens,omitempty"`
 }

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/extended.go

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ type CanonicalEmbeddingResponse struct {
 
 // EmbeddingData 嵌入数据项
 type EmbeddingData struct {
-	Index     int    `json:"index"`
-	Embedding any    `json:"embedding"` // 根据格式不同可能是 []float64 或 base64 字符串
+	Index     int `json:"index"`
+	Embedding any `json:"embedding"` // 根据格式不同可能是 []float64 或 base64 字符串
 }
 
 // EmbeddingUsage 嵌入用量

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/stream.go

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ const (
 type DeltaType string
 
 const (
-	DeltaTypeText        DeltaType = "text_delta"
-	DeltaTypeInputJSON   DeltaType = "input_json_delta"
-	DeltaTypeThinking    DeltaType = "thinking_delta"
+	DeltaTypeText      DeltaType = "text_delta"
+	DeltaTypeInputJSON DeltaType = "input_json_delta"
+	DeltaTypeThinking  DeltaType = "thinking_delta"
 )
 
 // StreamDelta 流式增量联合体
 type StreamDelta struct {
-	Type         string `json:"type"`
-	Text         string `json:"text,omitempty"`
-	PartialJSON  string `json:"partial_json,omitempty"`
-	Thinking     string `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	Type        string `json:"type"`
+	Text        string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	PartialJSON string `json:"partial_json,omitempty"`
+	Thinking    string `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // StreamContentBlock 流式内容块联合体
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ type CanonicalStreamEvent struct {
 	Message *StreamMessage `json:"message,omitempty"`
 
 	// ContentBlockStartEvent / ContentBlockDeltaEvent / ContentBlockStopEvent
-	Index        *int              `json:"index,omitempty"`
+	Index        *int                `json:"index,omitempty"`
 	ContentBlock *StreamContentBlock `json:"content_block,omitempty"`
-	Delta        *StreamDelta      `json:"delta,omitempty"`
+	Delta        *StreamDelta        `json:"delta,omitempty"`
 
 	// MessageDeltaEvent
-	StopReason *StopReason    `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
+	StopReason *StopReason     `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
 	Usage      *CanonicalUsage `json:"usage,omitempty"`
 
 	// ErrorEvent

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/types.go

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ type ContentBlock struct {
 	Text string `json:"text,omitempty"`
 
 	// ToolUseBlock
-	ID   string          `json:"id,omitempty"`
-	Name string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	ID    string          `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Name  string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
 	Input json.RawMessage `json:"input,omitempty"`
 
 	// ToolResultBlock
@@ -138,43 +138,43 @@ type ThinkingConfig struct {
 
 // OutputFormat 输出格式联合体
 type OutputFormat struct {
-	Type       string          `json:"type"`
-	Name       string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
-	Schema     json.RawMessage `json:"schema,omitempty"`
-	Strict     *bool           `json:"strict,omitempty"`
+	Type   string          `json:"type"`
+	Name   string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Schema json.RawMessage `json:"schema,omitempty"`
+	Strict *bool           `json:"strict,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CanonicalRequest 规范请求
 type CanonicalRequest struct {
-	Model           string            `json:"model"`
-	System          any               `json:"system,omitempty"` // nil, string, or []SystemBlock
+	Model           string             `json:"model"`
+	System          any                `json:"system,omitempty"` // nil, string, or []SystemBlock
 	Messages        []CanonicalMessage `json:"messages"`
-	Tools           []CanonicalTool   `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	ToolChoice      *ToolChoice       `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
-	Parameters      RequestParameters `json:"parameters"`
-	Thinking        *ThinkingConfig   `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
-	Stream          bool              `json:"stream"`
-	UserID          string            `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
-	OutputFormat    *OutputFormat     `json:"output_format,omitempty"`
-	ParallelToolUse *bool             `json:"parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
+	Tools           []CanonicalTool    `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice      *ToolChoice        `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	Parameters      RequestParameters  `json:"parameters"`
+	Thinking        *ThinkingConfig    `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	Stream          bool               `json:"stream"`
+	UserID          string             `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	OutputFormat    *OutputFormat      `json:"output_format,omitempty"`
+	ParallelToolUse *bool              `json:"parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CanonicalUsage 规范用量
 type CanonicalUsage struct {
-	InputTokens        int  `json:"input_tokens"`
-	OutputTokens       int  `json:"output_tokens"`
-	CacheReadTokens    *int `json:"cache_read_tokens,omitempty"`
+	InputTokens         int  `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens        int  `json:"output_tokens"`
+	CacheReadTokens     *int `json:"cache_read_tokens,omitempty"`
 	CacheCreationTokens *int `json:"cache_creation_tokens,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningTokens    *int `json:"reasoning_tokens,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningTokens     *int `json:"reasoning_tokens,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CanonicalResponse 规范响应
 type CanonicalResponse struct {
-	ID         string          `json:"id"`
-	Model      string          `json:"model"`
-	Content    []ContentBlock  `json:"content"`
-	StopReason *StopReason     `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
-	Usage      CanonicalUsage  `json:"usage"`
+	ID         string         `json:"id"`
+	Model      string         `json:"model"`
+	Content    []ContentBlock `json:"content"`
+	StopReason *StopReason    `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
+	Usage      CanonicalUsage `json:"usage"`
 }
 
 // GetSystemString 获取系统消息字符串

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/types_test.go

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import (
 
 func TestGetSystemString(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		system  any
-		want    string
+		name   string
+		system any
+		want   string
 	}{
 		{"string", "hello", "hello"},
 		{"nil", nil, ""},
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ func TestCanonicalRequest_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCanonicalResponse_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	sr := StopReasonEndTurn
 	resp := &CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "resp-1",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []ContentBlock{NewTextBlock("hello")},
+		ID:         "resp-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []ContentBlock{NewTextBlock("hello")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
-		Usage:   CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
+		Usage:      CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
 	}
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(resp)

backend/internal/conversion/engine.go

@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ package conversion
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
+	pkglogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 // HTTPRequestSpec HTTP 请求规格
@@ -33,13 +37,10 @@ type ConversionEngine struct {
 
 // NewConversionEngine 创建转换引擎
 func NewConversionEngine(registry AdapterRegistry, logger *zap.Logger) *ConversionEngine {
-	if logger == nil {
-		logger = zap.L()
-	}
 	return &ConversionEngine{
 		registry:        registry,
 		middlewareChain: NewMiddlewareChain(),
-		logger:          logger,
+		logger:          pkglogger.WithModule(logger, "conversion.engine"),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -72,18 +73,39 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol string
 
 // ConvertHttpRequest 转换 HTTP 请求
 func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpRequest(spec HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, provider *TargetProvider) (*HTTPRequestSpec, error) {
-	nativePath := spec.URL
+	nativePath, rawQuery := splitRequestPath(spec.URL)
 
 	if e.IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol) {
 		providerAdapter, err := e.registry.Get(providerProtocol)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
+
+		// Smart Passthrough: 同协议时最小化改写 model 字段
+		interfaceType := providerAdapter.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath)
+		rewrittenBody := spec.Body
+
+		// 对于 Chat/Embedding/Rerank 接口，改写请求体中的 model 字段
+		if interfaceType == InterfaceTypeChat || interfaceType == InterfaceTypeEmbeddings || interfaceType == InterfaceTypeRerank {
+			if len(spec.Body) > 0 && provider.ModelName != "" {
+				rewrittenBody, err = providerAdapter.RewriteRequestModelName(spec.Body, provider.ModelName, interfaceType)
+				if err != nil {
+					e.logger.Warn("Smart Passthrough 改写请求失败，使用原始请求体",
+						zap.Error(err),
+						zap.String("interface", string(interfaceType)))
+					rewrittenBody = spec.Body
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		providerURL := providerAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+		providerURL = appendRawQuery(providerURL, rawQuery)
+
 		return &HTTPRequestSpec{
-			URL:     provider.BaseURL + nativePath,
+			URL:     joinBaseURL(provider.BaseURL, providerURL),
 			Method:  spec.Method,
 			Headers: providerAdapter.BuildHeaders(provider),
-			Body:    spec.Body,
+			Body:    rewrittenBody,
 		}, nil
 	}
 
@@ -97,7 +119,8 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpRequest(spec HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtoc
 	}
 
 	interfaceType := clientAdapter.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath)
-	providerUrl := providerAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+	providerURL := providerAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+	providerURL = appendRawQuery(providerURL, rawQuery)
 	providerHeaders := providerAdapter.BuildHeaders(provider)
 	providerBody, err := e.convertBody(interfaceType, clientAdapter, providerAdapter, provider, spec.Body)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -105,16 +128,34 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpRequest(spec HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtoc
 	}
 
 	return &HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL:     provider.BaseURL + providerUrl,
+		URL:     joinBaseURL(provider.BaseURL, providerURL),
 		Method:  spec.Method,
 		Headers: providerHeaders,
 		Body:    providerBody,
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// ConvertHttpResponse 转换 HTTP 响应
-func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpResponse(spec HTTPResponseSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, interfaceType InterfaceType) (*HTTPResponseSpec, error) {
+// ConvertHttpResponse 转换 HTTP 响应，modelOverride 用于跨协议场景覆写 model 字段
+func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpResponse(spec HTTPResponseSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, interfaceType InterfaceType, modelOverride string) (*HTTPResponseSpec, error) {
 	if e.IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol) {
+		// Smart Passthrough: 同协议时最小化改写 model 字段
+		if modelOverride != "" && len(spec.Body) > 0 {
+			adapter, getErr := e.registry.Get(clientProtocol)
+			if getErr == nil {
+				rewrittenBody, rewriteErr := adapter.RewriteResponseModelName(spec.Body, modelOverride, interfaceType)
+				if rewriteErr != nil {
+					e.logger.Warn("Smart Passthrough 改写响应失败，使用原始响应体",
+						zap.Error(rewriteErr),
+						zap.String("interface", string(interfaceType)))
+				} else {
+					return &HTTPResponseSpec{
+						StatusCode: spec.StatusCode,
+						Headers:    spec.Headers,
+						Body:       rewrittenBody,
+					}, nil
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		return &spec, nil
 	}
 
@@ -127,7 +168,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpResponse(spec HTTPResponseSpec, clientProt
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	convertedBody, err := e.convertResponseBody(interfaceType, clientAdapter, providerAdapter, spec.Body)
+	convertedBody, err := e.convertResponseBody(interfaceType, clientAdapter, providerAdapter, spec.Body, modelOverride)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -139,9 +180,16 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpResponse(spec HTTPResponseSpec, clientProt
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// CreateStreamConverter 创建流式转换器
-func (e *ConversionEngine) CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtocol string) (StreamConverter, error) {
+// CreateStreamConverter 创建流式转换器，modelOverride 用于跨协议场景覆写 model 字段
+func (e *ConversionEngine) CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, modelOverride string, interfaceType InterfaceType) (StreamConverter, error) {
 	if e.IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol) {
+		// Smart Passthrough: 同协议流式场景需要逐 chunk 改写 model 字段
+		if modelOverride != "" {
+			adapter, getErr := e.registry.Get(clientProtocol)
+			if getErr == nil {
+				return NewSmartPassthroughStreamConverter(adapter, modelOverride, interfaceType), nil
+			}
+		}
 		return NewPassthroughStreamConverter(), nil
 	}
 
@@ -155,9 +203,9 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtoco
 	}
 
 	ctx := ConversionContext{
-		ConversionID:   uuid.New().String(),
-		InterfaceType:  InterfaceTypeChat,
-		Timestamp:      time.Now(),
+		ConversionID:  uuid.New().String(),
+		InterfaceType: interfaceType,
+		Timestamp:     time.Now(),
 	}
 
 	return NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(
@@ -167,6 +215,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtoco
 		ctx,
 		clientProtocol,
 		providerProtocol,
+		modelOverride,
 	), nil
 }
 
@@ -192,11 +241,11 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertBody(interfaceType InterfaceType, clientAdapte
 	}
 }
 
-// convertResponseBody 转换响应体
-func (e *ConversionEngine) convertResponseBody(interfaceType InterfaceType, clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+// convertResponseBody 转换响应体，modelOverride 非空时在 canonical 层面覆写 Model 字段
+func (e *ConversionEngine) convertResponseBody(interfaceType InterfaceType, clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte, modelOverride string) ([]byte, error) {
 	switch interfaceType {
 	case InterfaceTypeChat:
-		return e.convertChatResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, body)
+		return e.convertChatResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, body, modelOverride)
 	case InterfaceTypeModels:
 		if !clientAdapter.SupportsInterface(InterfaceTypeModels) || !providerAdapter.SupportsInterface(InterfaceTypeModels) {
 			return body, nil
@@ -211,12 +260,12 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertResponseBody(interfaceType InterfaceType, clie
 		if !clientAdapter.SupportsInterface(InterfaceTypeEmbeddings) || !providerAdapter.SupportsInterface(InterfaceTypeEmbeddings) {
 			return body, nil
 		}
-		return e.convertEmbeddingResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, body)
+		return e.convertEmbeddingResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, body, modelOverride)
 	case InterfaceTypeRerank:
 		if !clientAdapter.SupportsInterface(InterfaceTypeRerank) || !providerAdapter.SupportsInterface(InterfaceTypeRerank) {
 			return body, nil
 		}
-		return e.convertRerankResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, body)
+		return e.convertRerankResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, body, modelOverride)
 	default:
 		return body, nil
 	}
@@ -225,7 +274,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertResponseBody(interfaceType InterfaceType, clie
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, provider *TargetProvider, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	canonicalReq, err := clientAdapter.DecodeRequest(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, "解码请求失败").WithCause(err)
+		return nil, NewRequestJSONParseError("解码请求失败", err)
 	}
 
 	ctx := NewConversionContext(InterfaceTypeChat)
@@ -233,6 +282,9 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter Protoc
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if containsUnsupportedMultimodal(canonicalReq) {
+		return nil, NewConversionError(ErrorCodeUnsupportedMultimodal, "跨协议暂不支持多模态内容")
+	}
 
 	encoded, err := providerAdapter.EncodeRequest(canonicalReq, provider)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -241,10 +293,13 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter Protoc
 	return encoded, nil
 }
 
-func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte, modelOverride string) ([]byte, error) {
 	canonicalResp, err := providerAdapter.DecodeResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, "解码响应失败").WithCause(err)
+		return nil, NewResponseJSONParseError("解码响应失败", err)
+	}
+	if modelOverride != "" {
+		canonicalResp.Model = modelOverride
 	}
 	encoded, err := clientAdapter.EncodeResponse(canonicalResp)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -256,12 +311,12 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapte
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelsResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	models, err := providerAdapter.DecodeModelsResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	encoded, err := clientAdapter.EncodeModelsResponse(models)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("编码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("编码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return encoded, nil
@@ -270,12 +325,12 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelsResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdap
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelInfoResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	info, err := providerAdapter.DecodeModelInfoResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	encoded, err := clientAdapter.EncodeModelInfoResponse(info)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("编码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("编码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return encoded, nil
@@ -284,36 +339,43 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelInfoResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerA
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertEmbeddingBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, provider *TargetProvider, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	req, err := clientAdapter.DecodeEmbeddingRequest(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return providerAdapter.EncodeEmbeddingRequest(req, provider)
 }
 
-func (e *ConversionEngine) convertEmbeddingResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+func (e *ConversionEngine) convertEmbeddingResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte, modelOverride string) ([]byte, error) {
 	resp, err := providerAdapter.DecodeEmbeddingResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
+	if modelOverride != "" {
+		resp.Model = modelOverride
+	}
 	return clientAdapter.EncodeEmbeddingResponse(resp)
 }
 
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertRerankBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, provider *TargetProvider, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	req, err := clientAdapter.DecodeRerankRequest(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Rerank 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Rerank 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return providerAdapter.EncodeRerankRequest(req, provider)
 }
 
-func (e *ConversionEngine) convertRerankResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	resp, err := providerAdapter.DecodeRerankResponse(body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return body, nil
+func (e *ConversionEngine) convertRerankResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte, modelOverride string) ([]byte, error) {
+	resp, decodeErr := providerAdapter.DecodeRerankResponse(body)
+	if decodeErr == nil {
+		if modelOverride != "" {
+			resp.Model = modelOverride
+		}
+		return clientAdapter.EncodeRerankResponse(resp)
 	}
-	return clientAdapter.EncodeRerankResponse(resp)
+
+	return body, nil
 }
 
 // DetectInterfaceType 检测接口类型
@@ -322,6 +384,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) DetectInterfaceType(nativePath, clientProtocol string
 	if err != nil {
 		return InterfaceTypePassthrough, err
 	}
+	nativePath, _ = splitRequestPath(nativePath)
 	return adapter.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath), nil
 }
 
@@ -335,9 +398,56 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) EncodeError(err *ConversionError, clientProtocol stri
 				"type":    "internal_error",
 			},
 		}
-		body, _ := json.Marshal(fallback)
-		return body, 500, nil
+		body, marshalErr := json.Marshal(fallback)
+		if marshalErr == nil {
+			return body, 500, nil
+		}
+
+		return []byte(`{"error":{"message":"internal error","type":"internal_error"}}`), 500, nil
 	}
 	body, statusCode := adapter.EncodeError(err)
 	return body, statusCode, nil
 }
+
+func splitRequestPath(rawPath string) (string, string) {
+	path, query, found := strings.Cut(rawPath, "?")
+	if !found {
+		return rawPath, ""
+	}
+	return path, query
+}
+
+func appendRawQuery(path, rawQuery string) string {
+	if rawQuery == "" {
+		return path
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(path, "?") {
+		return path + "&" + rawQuery
+	}
+	return path + "?" + rawQuery
+}
+
+func joinBaseURL(baseURL, path string) string {
+	if baseURL == "" {
+		return path
+	}
+	if path == "" {
+		return baseURL
+	}
+	return strings.TrimRight(baseURL, "/") + "/" + strings.TrimLeft(path, "/")
+}
+
+func containsUnsupportedMultimodal(req *canonical.CanonicalRequest) bool {
+	if req == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, msg := range req.Messages {
+		for _, block := range msg.Content {
+			switch block.Type {
+			case "image", "audio", "video", "file":
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

backend/internal/conversion/engine_adapter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package conversion_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/anthropic"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/openai"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func TestConvertHttpRequest_SameProtocolUsesAdapterBuildURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		adapter          conversion.ProtocolAdapter
+		clientProtocol   string
+		providerProtocol string
+		baseURL          string
+		nativePath       string
+		expectedURL      string
+		body             []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name:             "openai base url includes version path",
+			adapter:          openai.NewAdapter(),
+			clientProtocol:   "openai",
+			providerProtocol: "openai",
+			baseURL:          "http://example.com/v1",
+			nativePath:       "/chat/completions",
+			expectedURL:      "http://example.com/v1/chat/completions",
+			body:             []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","messages":[]}`),
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "anthropic native path keeps v1",
+			adapter:          anthropic.NewAdapter(),
+			clientProtocol:   "anthropic",
+			providerProtocol: "anthropic",
+			baseURL:          "http://example.com",
+			nativePath:       "/v1/messages",
+			expectedURL:      "http://example.com/v1/messages",
+			body:             []byte(`{"model":"claude","messages":[]}`),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			registry := conversion.NewMemoryRegistry()
+			engine := conversion.NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+			require.NoError(t, registry.Register(tt.adapter))
+
+			out, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(conversion.HTTPRequestSpec{
+				URL:    tt.nativePath,
+				Method: "POST",
+				Body:   tt.body,
+			}, tt.clientProtocol, tt.providerProtocol, conversion.NewTargetProvider(tt.baseURL, "key", "upstream-model"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedURL, out.URL)
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/conversion/engine_supplemental_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 func TestConversionError_WithProviderProtocol(t *testing.T) {
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func TestConversionError_FullBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestEngine_Use(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	called := false
 	engine.Use(&testMiddleware{fn: func(req *canonical.CanonicalRequest, cp, pp string, ctx *ConversionContext) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
 		called = true
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ func TestEngine_Use(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
 
 	_, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Method: "POST", Body: []byte(`{}`),
+		URL: "/chat/completions", Method: "POST", Body: []byte(`{}`),
 	}, "client", "provider", NewTargetProvider("https://example.com", "key", "model"))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.True(t, called)
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ func TestEngine_Use(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.decodeReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("decode failed")
@@ -75,14 +76,14 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("provider", false))
 
 	_, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Method: "POST", Body: []byte(`{}`),
+		URL: "/chat/completions", Method: "POST", Body: []byte(`{}`),
 	}, "client", "provider", NewTargetProvider("", "", ""))
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_EncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("client", false))
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
 	providerAdapter.encodeReqFn = func(req *canonical.CanonicalRequest, p *TargetProvider) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -91,14 +92,14 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_EncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
 
 	_, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL: "/v1/chat/completions", Method: "POST", Body: []byte(`{}`),
+		URL: "/chat/completions", Method: "POST", Body: []byte(`{}`),
 	}, "client", "provider", NewTargetProvider("", "", ""))
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.encodeRespFn = func(resp *canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -113,7 +114,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(HTTPResponseSpec{
 		StatusCode: 200, Body: []byte(`{"id":"resp-1"}`),
-	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeChat)
+	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeChat, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, result.StatusCode)
 	assert.Contains(t, string(result.Body), "resp-1")
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
 	providerAdapter.decodeRespFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalResponse, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("decode error")
@@ -129,13 +130,13 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("client", false))
 
-	_, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(HTTPResponseSpec{Body: []byte(`{}`)}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeChat)
+	_, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(HTTPResponseSpec{Body: []byte(`{}`)}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeChat, "")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeEmbeddings
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeRerank
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeEmbeddings: true}
@@ -189,14 +190,14 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(HTTPResponseSpec{
 		StatusCode: 200, Body: []byte(`{"object":"list","data":[],"model":"test"}`),
-	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeEmbeddings, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, result)
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeRerank: true}
@@ -207,14 +208,14 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(HTTPResponseSpec{
 		StatusCode: 200, Body: []byte(`{"results":[],"model":"test"}`),
-	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeRerank)
+	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeRerank, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, result)
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_ModelsInterface_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeModels
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_ModelsInterface_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 	body := []byte(`{"object":"list","data":[]}`)
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL: "/v1/models", Method: "GET", Body: body,
+		URL: "/models", Method: "GET", Body: body,
 	}, "client", "provider", NewTargetProvider("https://example.com", "key", ""))
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, body, result.Body)
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_ModelsInterface_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeModels: true}
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
@@ -242,14 +243,14 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(HTTPResponseSpec{
 		StatusCode: 200, Body: []byte(`{"object":"list","data":[]}`),
-	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeModels)
+	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeModels, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, result)
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelInfoInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeModelInfo: true}
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelInfoInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(HTTPResponseSpec{
 		StatusCode: 200, Body: []byte(`{"id":"gpt-4","object":"model"}`),
-	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeModelInfo)
+	}, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeModelInfo, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.NotNil(t, result)
 }
@@ -321,3 +322,58 @@ func (m *testMiddleware) InterceptStreamEvent(event *canonical.CanonicalStreamEv
 }
 
 var _ = json.Marshal
+
+func TestConvertEmbeddingBody_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
+	clientAdapter.decodeEmbeddingReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingRequest, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("decode embedding failed")
+	}
+	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeEmbeddings: true}
+	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
+	providerAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeEmbeddings: true}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(clientAdapter)
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"text-embedding","input":"hello"}`)
+	result, err := engine.convertEmbeddingBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, NewTargetProvider("", "", ""), body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, body, result)
+}
+
+func TestConvertRerankBody_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
+	clientAdapter.decodeRerankReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("decode rerank failed")
+	}
+	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeRerank: true}
+	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
+	providerAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeRerank: true}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(clientAdapter)
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
+
+	body := []byte(`{"model":"rerank","query":"test","documents":["a"]}`)
+	result, err := engine.convertRerankBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter, NewTargetProvider("", "", ""), body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, body, result)
+}
+
+func TestConvertBody_UnknownInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
+	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(clientAdapter)
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
+
+	body := []byte(`{"test":"data"}`)
+	result, err := engine.convertBody(InterfaceType("UNKNOWN"), clientAdapter, providerAdapter, NewTargetProvider("", "", ""), body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, body, result)
+}

backend/internal/conversion/engine_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package conversion
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
@@ -13,16 +14,20 @@ import (
 
 // mockProtocolAdapter 模拟协议适配器
 type mockProtocolAdapter struct {
-	protocolName    string
-	passthrough     bool
-	ifaceType       InterfaceType
-	supportsIface   map[InterfaceType]bool
-	decodeReqFn     func([]byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error)
-	encodeReqFn     func(*canonical.CanonicalRequest, *TargetProvider) ([]byte, error)
-	decodeRespFn    func([]byte) (*canonical.CanonicalResponse, error)
-	encodeRespFn    func(*canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error)
-	streamDecoderFn func() StreamDecoder
-	streamEncoderFn func() StreamEncoder
+	protocolName         string
+	passthrough          bool
+	ifaceType            InterfaceType
+	supportsIface        map[InterfaceType]bool
+	decodeReqFn          func([]byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error)
+	encodeReqFn          func(*canonical.CanonicalRequest, *TargetProvider) ([]byte, error)
+	decodeRespFn         func([]byte) (*canonical.CanonicalResponse, error)
+	encodeRespFn         func(*canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error)
+	streamDecoderFn      func() StreamDecoder
+	streamEncoderFn      func() StreamEncoder
+	rewriteReqFn         func([]byte, string, InterfaceType) ([]byte, error)
+	rewriteRespFn        func([]byte, string, InterfaceType) ([]byte, error)
+	decodeEmbeddingReqFn func([]byte) (*canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingRequest, error)
+	decodeRerankReqFn    func([]byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest, error)
 }
 
 func newMockAdapter(name string, passthrough bool) *mockProtocolAdapter {
@@ -34,8 +39,8 @@ func newMockAdapter(name string, passthrough bool) *mockProtocolAdapter {
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolName() string  { return m.protocolName }
-func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolVersion() string { return "1.0" }
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolName() string      { return m.protocolName }
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolVersion() string   { return "1.0" }
 func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) SupportsPassthrough() bool { return m.passthrough }
 
 func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) DetectInterfaceType(nativePath string) InterfaceType {
@@ -124,6 +129,9 @@ func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) EncodeModelInfoResponse(info *canonical.CanonicalM
 }
 
 func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) DecodeEmbeddingRequest(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingRequest, error) {
+	if m.decodeEmbeddingReqFn != nil {
+		return m.decodeEmbeddingReqFn(raw)
+	}
 	return &canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingRequest{}, nil
 }
 
@@ -140,6 +148,9 @@ func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) EncodeEmbeddingResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalE
 }
 
 func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) DecodeRerankRequest(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest, error) {
+	if m.decodeRerankReqFn != nil {
+		return m.decodeRerankReqFn(raw)
+	}
 	return &canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest{}, nil
 }
 
@@ -155,23 +166,47 @@ func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) EncodeRerankResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalRera
 	return json.Marshal(resp)
 }
 
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath string) (string, error) {
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ExtractModelName(body []byte, ifaceType InterfaceType) (string, error) {
+	return "", nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) RewriteRequestModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+	if m.rewriteReqFn != nil {
+		return m.rewriteReqFn(body, newModel, ifaceType)
+	}
+	return body, nil
+}
+
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) RewriteResponseModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+	if m.rewriteRespFn != nil {
+		return m.rewriteRespFn(body, newModel, ifaceType)
+	}
+	return body, nil
+}
+
 // noopStreamDecoder 空流式解码器
 type noopStreamDecoder struct{}
 
-func (d *noopStreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent { return nil }
-func (d *noopStreamDecoder) Flush() []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent                       { return nil }
+func (d *noopStreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
+	return nil
+}
+func (d *noopStreamDecoder) Flush() []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent { return nil }
 
 // noopStreamEncoder 空流式编码器
 type noopStreamEncoder struct{}
 
 func (e *noopStreamEncoder) EncodeEvent(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent) [][]byte { return nil }
-func (e *noopStreamEncoder) Flush() [][]byte                                          { return nil }
+func (e *noopStreamEncoder) Flush() [][]byte                                           { return nil }
 
 // ============ 测试用例 ============
 
 func TestNewConversionEngine(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	assert.NotNil(t, engine)
 	assert.Equal(t, registry, engine.GetRegistry())
 }
@@ -179,7 +214,7 @@ func TestNewConversionEngine(t *testing.T) {
 func TestNewConversionEngine_LoggerInjection(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("nil_logger_uses_global", func(t *testing.T) {
 		registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-		engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+		engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 		assert.NotNil(t, engine.logger)
 	})
 
@@ -187,13 +222,14 @@ func TestNewConversionEngine_LoggerInjection(t *testing.T) {
 		registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
 		customLogger := zap.NewNop()
 		engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, customLogger)
-		assert.Equal(t, customLogger, engine.logger)
+		assert.NotNil(t, engine.logger)
+		assert.Contains(t, engine.logger.Name(), "conversion.engine")
 	})
 }
 
 func TestRegisterAdapter(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	adapter := newMockAdapter("test-proto", true)
 	err := engine.RegisterAdapter(adapter)
@@ -205,7 +241,7 @@ func TestRegisterAdapter(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIsPassthrough_SameProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	adapter := newMockAdapter("openai", true)
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(adapter)
 
@@ -214,7 +250,7 @@ func TestIsPassthrough_SameProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIsPassthrough_DifferentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("anthropic", true))
 
@@ -223,7 +259,7 @@ func TestIsPassthrough_DifferentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIsPassthrough_NoPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("custom", false))
 
 	assert.False(t, engine.IsPassthrough("custom", "custom"))
@@ -231,19 +267,19 @@ func TestIsPassthrough_NoPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	adapter := newMockAdapter("test", true)
 	adapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(adapter)
 
-	ifaceType, err := engine.DetectInterfaceType("/v1/chat/completions", "test")
+	ifaceType, err := engine.DetectInterfaceType("/chat/completions", "test")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, InterfaceTypeChat, ifaceType)
 }
 
 func TestDetectInterfaceType_NonExistentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	_, err := engine.DetectInterfaceType("/v1/chat", "nonexistent")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -251,25 +287,39 @@ func TestDetectInterfaceType_NonExistentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
-	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+	openaiAdapter := &buildURLMockAdapter{
+		mockProtocolAdapter: newMockAdapter("openai", true),
+		buildURLFn: func(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+			if interfaceType == InterfaceTypeChat {
+				return "/chat/completions"
+			}
+			return nativePath
+		},
+	}
+	openaiAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
+	openaiAdapter.supportsIface[InterfaceTypeChat] = true
+	openaiAdapter.rewriteReqFn = func(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+		return []byte(`{"model":"` + newModel + `","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`), nil
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(openaiAdapter)
 
-	provider := NewTargetProvider("https://api.openai.com", "sk-test", "gpt-4")
+	provider := NewTargetProvider("https://api.openai.com/v1", "sk-test", "gpt-4")
 	spec := HTTPRequestSpec{
 		URL:    "/v1/chat/completions",
 		Method: "POST",
-		Body:   []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		Body:   []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
 	}
 
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(spec, "openai", "openai", provider)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions", result.URL)
-	assert.Equal(t, spec.Body, result.Body)
+	assert.JSONEq(t, `{"model":"gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`, string(result.Body))
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client-proto", false)
 	clientAdapter.decodeReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
@@ -299,9 +349,80 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, result.Body)
 }
 
+func TestConvertHttpRequest_UsesProviderAdapterBuildURL(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+	openaiAdapter := &buildURLMockAdapter{
+		mockProtocolAdapter: newMockAdapter("openai", true),
+		buildURLFn: func(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+			if interfaceType == InterfaceTypeChat {
+				return "/chat/completions"
+			}
+			return nativePath
+		},
+	}
+	openaiAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
+	openaiAdapter.supportsIface[InterfaceTypeChat] = true
+	openaiAdapter.rewriteReqFn = func(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+		return []byte(`{"model":"` + newModel + `"}`), nil
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, registry.Register(openaiAdapter))
+
+	anthropicAdapter := &buildURLMockAdapter{
+		mockProtocolAdapter: newMockAdapter("anthropic", false),
+		buildURLFn: func(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+			if interfaceType == InterfaceTypeChat {
+				return "/v1/messages"
+			}
+			return nativePath
+		},
+	}
+	anthropicAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
+	anthropicAdapter.supportsIface[InterfaceTypeChat] = true
+	require.NoError(t, registry.Register(anthropicAdapter))
+
+	t.Run("OpenAI to Anthropic", func(t *testing.T) {
+		provider := NewTargetProvider("https://api.anthropic.com", "key", "claude-3")
+		spec := HTTPRequestSpec{
+			URL:    "/v1/chat/completions",
+			Method: "POST",
+			Body:   []byte(`{"model":"p1/gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":16}`),
+		}
+
+		result, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(spec, "openai", "anthropic", provider)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages", result.URL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Anthropic to OpenAI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		provider := NewTargetProvider("https://api.openai.com/v1", "key", "gpt-4")
+		spec := HTTPRequestSpec{
+			URL:    "/v1/messages",
+			Method: "POST",
+			Body:   []byte(`{"model":"p1/claude-3","max_tokens":16,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		}
+
+		result, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(spec, "anthropic", "openai", provider)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions", result.URL)
+	})
+}
+
+type buildURLMockAdapter struct {
+	*mockProtocolAdapter
+	buildURLFn func(string, InterfaceType) string
+}
+
+func (m *buildURLMockAdapter) BuildUrl(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+	if m.buildURLFn != nil {
+		return m.buildURLFn(nativePath, interfaceType)
+	}
+	return m.mockProtocolAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+}
+
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 
 	spec := HTTPResponseSpec{
@@ -309,7 +430,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 		Body:       []byte(`{"id":"123"}`),
 	}
 
-	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(spec, "openai", "openai", InterfaceTypeChat)
+	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(spec, "openai", "openai", InterfaceTypeChat, "")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, result.StatusCode)
 	assert.Equal(t, spec.Body, result.Body)
@@ -317,10 +438,10 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateStreamConverter_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 
-	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("openai", "openai")
+	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("openai", "openai", "", InterfaceTypeChat)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	_, ok := converter.(*PassthroughStreamConverter)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
@@ -328,11 +449,11 @@ func TestCreateStreamConverter_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateStreamConverter_Canonical(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("client", false))
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("provider", false))
 
-	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("client", "provider")
+	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("client", "provider", "", InterfaceTypeChat)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	_, ok := converter.(*CanonicalStreamConverter)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
@@ -340,7 +461,7 @@ func TestCreateStreamConverter_Canonical(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestEncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 
 	convErr := NewConversionError(ErrorCodeInvalidInput, "测试错误")
@@ -352,7 +473,7 @@ func TestEncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestEncodeError_NonExistentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	convErr := NewConversionError(ErrorCodeInvalidInput, "测试错误")
 	body, statusCode, err := engine.EncodeError(convErr, "nonexistent")
@@ -380,3 +501,233 @@ func TestRegistry_GetNonExistent(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Error(t, err)
 	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "未找到适配器")
 }
+
+// ============ modelOverride 测试 ============
+
+func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
+	clientAdapter.encodeRespFn = func(resp *canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error) {
+		return json.Marshal(map[string]any{"model": resp.Model})
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(clientAdapter)
+
+	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
+	providerAdapter.decodeRespFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalResponse, error) {
+		return &canonical.CanonicalResponse{ID: "test", Model: "native-model", Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("hi")}}, nil
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
+
+	spec := HTTPResponseSpec{
+		StatusCode: 200,
+		Body:       []byte(`{"model":"native-model"}`),
+	}
+
+	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(spec, "client", "provider", InterfaceTypeChat, "provider/gpt-4")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var resp map[string]interface{}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(result.Body, &resp))
+	assert.Equal(t, "provider/gpt-4", resp["model"])
+}
+
+func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelOverride_SameProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	// 使用真实 OpenAI adapter 验证 Smart Passthrough 改写
+	openaiAdapter := newMockAdapter("openai", true)
+	openaiAdapter.rewriteRespFn = func(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+		var m map[string]json.RawMessage
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		m["model"], _ = json.Marshal(newModel)
+		return json.Marshal(m)
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(openaiAdapter)
+
+	spec := HTTPResponseSpec{
+		StatusCode: 200,
+		Body:       []byte(`{"id":"resp-1","model":"gpt-4"}`),
+	}
+
+	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpResponse(spec, "openai", "openai", InterfaceTypeChat, "openai/gpt-4")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var resp map[string]interface{}
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(result.Body, &resp))
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", resp["model"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "resp-1", resp["id"])
+}
+
+func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_SmartPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	openaiAdapter := newMockAdapter("openai", true)
+	openaiAdapter.rewriteRespFn = func(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+		var m map[string]json.RawMessage
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &m); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		m["model"], _ = json.Marshal(newModel)
+		return json.Marshal(m)
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(openaiAdapter)
+
+	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("openai", "openai", "openai/gpt-4", InterfaceTypeChat)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	_, ok := converter.(*SmartPassthroughStreamConverter)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+
+	// 验证 SSE frame 中的 data JSON 被改写
+	chunks := converter.ProcessChunk([]byte(`data: {"model":"gpt-4","choices":[]}` + "\n\n"))
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
+
+	var resp map[string]interface{}
+	payload := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(string(chunks[0])), "data: ")
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(payload), &resp))
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", resp["model"])
+}
+
+func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	// provider adapter 解码出含 model 的流式事件
+	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
+	providerAdapter.streamDecoderFn = func() StreamDecoder {
+		return &engineTestStreamDecoder{
+			processFn: func(raw []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
+				return []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent{
+					canonical.NewMessageStartEvent("msg-1", "native-model"),
+					canonical.NewContentBlockStartEvent(0, canonical.StreamContentBlock{Type: "text", Text: "hi"}),
+					canonical.NewMessageStopEvent(),
+				}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
+
+	// client adapter 编码时输出 model 字段
+	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
+	clientAdapter.streamEncoderFn = func() StreamEncoder {
+		return &engineTestStreamEncoder{
+			encodeFn: func(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent) [][]byte {
+				if event.Message != nil {
+					data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+						"type":  string(event.Type),
+						"model": event.Message.Model,
+					})
+					return [][]byte{data}
+				}
+				data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"type": string(event.Type)})
+				return [][]byte{data}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(clientAdapter)
+
+	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("client", "provider", "provider/gpt-4", InterfaceTypeChat)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// 验证类型是 CanonicalStreamConverter
+	_, ok := converter.(*CanonicalStreamConverter)
+	assert.True(t, ok)
+
+	// 处理一个 chunk，验证 model 被覆写为统一模型 ID
+	chunks := converter.ProcessChunk([]byte("raw"))
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 3) // message_start + content_block_start + message_stop
+
+	var startEvent map[string]string
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(chunks[0], &startEvent))
+	assert.Equal(t, "provider/gpt-4", startEvent["model"], "跨协议流式中 modelOverride 应覆写 Message.Model")
+}
+
+func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+
+	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
+	providerAdapter.streamDecoderFn = func() StreamDecoder {
+		return &engineTestStreamDecoder{
+			processFn: func(raw []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
+				return []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent{
+					canonical.NewMessageStartEvent("msg-1", "native-model"),
+				}
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(providerAdapter)
+
+	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
+	clientAdapter.streamEncoderFn = func() StreamEncoder {
+		return &engineTestStreamEncoder{
+			encodeFn: func(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent) [][]byte {
+				if event.Message != nil {
+					data, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+						"model": event.Message.Model,
+					})
+					return [][]byte{data}
+				}
+				return nil
+			},
+		}
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(clientAdapter)
+
+	// modelOverride 为空，不应覆写
+	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("client", "provider", "", InterfaceTypeChat)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	chunks := converter.ProcessChunk([]byte("raw"))
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
+
+	var resp map[string]string
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(chunks[0], &resp))
+	assert.Equal(t, "native-model", resp["model"], "modelOverride 为空时不应覆写")
+}
+
+// engineTestStreamDecoder 可控的流式解码器（用于 engine_test）
+type engineTestStreamDecoder struct {
+	processFn func([]byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent
+	flushFn   func() []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent
+}
+
+func (d *engineTestStreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(raw []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
+	if d.processFn != nil {
+		return d.processFn(raw)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (d *engineTestStreamDecoder) Flush() []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
+	if d.flushFn != nil {
+		return d.flushFn()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// engineTestStreamEncoder 可控的流式编码器（用于 engine_test）
+type engineTestStreamEncoder struct {
+	encodeFn func(canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent) [][]byte
+	flushFn  func() [][]byte
+}
+
+func (e *engineTestStreamEncoder) EncodeEvent(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent) [][]byte {
+	if e.encodeFn != nil {
+		return e.encodeFn(event)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (e *engineTestStreamEncoder) Flush() [][]byte {
+	if e.flushFn != nil {
+		return e.flushFn()
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/conversion/errors.go

@@ -6,17 +6,24 @@ import "fmt"
 type ErrorCode string
 
 const (
-	ErrorCodeInvalidInput            ErrorCode = "INVALID_INPUT"
-	ErrorCodeMissingRequiredField    ErrorCode = "MISSING_REQUIRED_FIELD"
-	ErrorCodeIncompatibleFeature     ErrorCode = "INCOMPATIBLE_FEATURE"
-	ErrorCodeFieldMappingFailure     ErrorCode = "FIELD_MAPPING_FAILURE"
-	ErrorCodeToolCallParseError      ErrorCode = "TOOL_CALL_PARSE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeJSONParseError          ErrorCode = "JSON_PARSE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeStreamStateError        ErrorCode = "STREAM_STATE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeUTF8DecodeError         ErrorCode = "UTF8_DECODE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeProtocolConstraint      ErrorCode = "PROTOCOL_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION"
-	ErrorCodeEncodingFailure         ErrorCode = "ENCODING_FAILURE"
-	ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported   ErrorCode = "INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED"
+	ErrorCodeInvalidInput          ErrorCode = "INVALID_INPUT"
+	ErrorCodeMissingRequiredField  ErrorCode = "MISSING_REQUIRED_FIELD"
+	ErrorCodeIncompatibleFeature   ErrorCode = "INCOMPATIBLE_FEATURE"
+	ErrorCodeFieldMappingFailure   ErrorCode = "FIELD_MAPPING_FAILURE"
+	ErrorCodeToolCallParseError    ErrorCode = "TOOL_CALL_PARSE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeJSONParseError        ErrorCode = "JSON_PARSE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeStreamStateError      ErrorCode = "STREAM_STATE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeUTF8DecodeError       ErrorCode = "UTF8_DECODE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeProtocolConstraint    ErrorCode = "PROTOCOL_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION"
+	ErrorCodeEncodingFailure       ErrorCode = "ENCODING_FAILURE"
+	ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported ErrorCode = "INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED"
+	ErrorCodeUnsupportedMultimodal ErrorCode = "UNSUPPORTED_MULTIMODAL"
+)
+
+const (
+	ErrorDetailPhase   = "phase"
+	ErrorPhaseRequest  = "request"
+	ErrorPhaseResponse = "response"
 )
 
 // ConversionError 协议转换错误
@@ -39,6 +46,20 @@ func NewConversionError(code ErrorCode, message string) *ConversionError {
 	}
 }
 
+// NewRequestJSONParseError 创建请求 JSON 解析错误。
+func NewRequestJSONParseError(message string, cause error) *ConversionError {
+	return NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, message).
+		WithDetail(ErrorDetailPhase, ErrorPhaseRequest).
+		WithCause(cause)
+}
+
+// NewResponseJSONParseError 创建响应 JSON 解析错误。
+func NewResponseJSONParseError(message string, cause error) *ConversionError {
+	return NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, message).
+		WithDetail(ErrorDetailPhase, ErrorPhaseResponse).
+		WithCause(cause)
+}
+
 // WithClientProtocol 设置客户端协议
 func (e *ConversionError) WithClientProtocol(protocol string) *ConversionError {
 	e.ClientProtocol = protocol

backend/internal/conversion/interface.go

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ package conversion
 type InterfaceType string
 
 const (
-	InterfaceTypeChat      InterfaceType = "CHAT"
-	InterfaceTypeModels    InterfaceType = "MODELS"
-	InterfaceTypeModelInfo InterfaceType = "MODEL_INFO"
-	InterfaceTypeEmbeddings InterfaceType = "EMBEDDINGS"
-	InterfaceTypeRerank    InterfaceType = "RERANK"
+	InterfaceTypeChat        InterfaceType = "CHAT"
+	InterfaceTypeModels      InterfaceType = "MODELS"
+	InterfaceTypeModelInfo   InterfaceType = "MODEL_INFO"
+	InterfaceTypeEmbeddings  InterfaceType = "EMBEDDINGS"
+	InterfaceTypeRerank      InterfaceType = "RERANK"
 	InterfaceTypePassthrough InterfaceType = "PASSTHROUGH"
 )

backend/internal/conversion/openai/adapter.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package openai
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"strings"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
@@ -43,26 +44,31 @@ func (a *Adapter) DetectInterfaceType(nativePath string) conversion.InterfaceTyp
 	}
 }
 
-// isModelInfoPath 判断是否为模型详情路径（/v1/models/{id}）
+// isModelInfoPath 判断是否为模型详情路径（/v1/models/{id}，允许 id 含 /）
 func isModelInfoPath(path string) bool {
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v1/models/") {
 		return false
 	}
 	suffix := path[len("/v1/models/"):]
-	return suffix != "" && !strings.Contains(suffix, "/")
+	return suffix != ""
 }
 
 // BuildUrl 根据接口类型构建 URL
 func (a *Adapter) BuildUrl(nativePath string, interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType) string {
 	switch interfaceType {
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat:
-		return "/v1/chat/completions"
+		return "/chat/completions"
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeModels:
-		return "/v1/models"
+		return "/models"
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo:
+		if modelID, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath); err == nil {
+			return "/models/" + modelID
+		}
+		return nativePath
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings:
-		return "/v1/embeddings"
+		return "/embeddings"
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank:
-		return "/v1/rerank"
+		return "/rerank"
 	default:
 		return nativePath
 	}
@@ -137,7 +143,10 @@ func (a *Adapter) EncodeError(err *conversion.ConversionError) ([]byte, int) {
 			Code:    string(err.Code),
 		},
 	}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	body, marshalErr := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	if marshalErr != nil {
+		return []byte(`{"error":{"message":"internal error","type":"internal_error","code":"INTERNAL_ERROR"}}`), statusCode
+	}
 	return body, statusCode
 }
 
@@ -216,3 +225,92 @@ func (a *Adapter) DecodeRerankResponse(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRerankRe
 func (a *Adapter) EncodeRerankResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalRerankResponse) ([]byte, error) {
 	return encodeRerankResponse(resp)
 }
+
+// ExtractUnifiedModelID 从路径中提取统一模型 ID（/v1/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}）
+func (a *Adapter) ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath string) (string, error) {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(nativePath, "/v1/models/") {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("不是模型详情路径: %s", nativePath)
+	}
+	suffix := nativePath[len("/v1/models/"):]
+	if suffix == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("路径缺少模型 ID")
+	}
+	return suffix, nil
+}
+
+// locateModelFieldInRequest 定位请求体中 model 字段的值并提供改写函数
+func locateModelFieldInRequest(body []byte, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) (string, func(string) ([]byte, error), error) {
+	var m map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &m); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch ifaceType {
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings, conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank:
+		raw, exists := m["model"]
+		if !exists {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("请求体中缺少 model 字段")
+		}
+		var current string
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &current); err != nil {
+			return "", nil, err
+		}
+		rewriteFunc := func(newModel string) ([]byte, error) {
+			encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			m["model"] = encodedModel
+			return json.Marshal(m)
+		}
+		return current, rewriteFunc, nil
+	default:
+		return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("不支持的接口类型: %s", ifaceType)
+	}
+}
+
+// ExtractModelName 从请求体中提取 model 值
+func (a *Adapter) ExtractModelName(body []byte, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) (string, error) {
+	model, _, err := locateModelFieldInRequest(body, ifaceType)
+	return model, err
+}
+
+// RewriteRequestModelName 最小化改写请求体中的 model 字段
+func (a *Adapter) RewriteRequestModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+	_, rewriteFunc, err := locateModelFieldInRequest(body, ifaceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return rewriteFunc(newModel)
+}
+
+// RewriteResponseModelName 最小化改写响应体中的 model 字段
+func (a *Adapter) RewriteResponseModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+	var m map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	switch ifaceType {
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings:
+		// Chat/Embedding 响应必须有 model 字段（协议要求），存在则改写，不存在则添加
+		encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		m["model"] = encodedModel
+		return json.Marshal(m)
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank:
+		// Rerank 响应：存在 model 字段则改写，不存在则不添加
+		if _, exists := m["model"]; exists {
+			encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			m["model"] = encodedModel
+		}
+		return json.Marshal(m)
+	default:
+		return body, nil
+	}
+}

backend/internal/conversion/openai/adapter_test.go

@@ -30,10 +30,10 @@ func TestAdapter_DetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	}{
 		{"聊天补全", "/v1/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat},
 		{"模型列表", "/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels},
-		{"模型详情", "/v1/models/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo},
+		{"模型详情", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo},
 		{"嵌入接口", "/v1/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings},
 		{"重排序接口", "/v1/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank},
-		{"未知路径", "/v1/unknown", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"未知路径", "/unknown", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -44,20 +44,43 @@ func TestAdapter_DetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAdapter_OldPathsBecomePassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		path     string
+		expected conversion.InterfaceType
+	}{
+		{"/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/models", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/models/gpt-4.1", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, a.DetectInterfaceType(tt.path))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAdapter_BuildUrl(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		nativePath   string
+		name          string
+		nativePath    string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     string
+		expected      string
 	}{
-		{"聊天", "/v1/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, "/v1/chat/completions"},
-		{"模型", "/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, "/v1/models"},
-		{"嵌入", "/v1/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings, "/v1/embeddings"},
-		{"重排序", "/v1/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank, "/v1/rerank"},
-		{"默认透传", "/v1/other", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough, "/v1/other"},
+		{"聊天", "/v1/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, "/chat/completions"},
+		{"模型", "/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, "/models"},
+		{"模型详情", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo, "/models/openai/gpt-4"},
+		{"复杂模型详情", "/v1/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo, "/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4"},
+		{"嵌入", "/v1/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings, "/embeddings"},
+		{"重排序", "/v1/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank, "/rerank"},
+		{"默认透传", "/other", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough, "/other"},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -92,9 +115,9 @@ func TestAdapter_SupportsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
+		name          string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     bool
+		expected      bool
 	}{
 		{"聊天", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, true},
 		{"模型", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, true},
@@ -118,13 +141,13 @@ func TestIsModelInfoPath(t *testing.T) {
 		path     string
 		expected bool
 	}{
-		{"model_info", "/v1/models/gpt-4", true},
-		{"model_info_with_dots", "/v1/models/gpt-4.1-preview", true},
+		{"model_info", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", true},
+		{"model_info_with_dots", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4.1-preview", true},
 		{"models_list", "/v1/models", false},
-		{"nested_path", "/v1/models/gpt-4/versions", false},
+		{"nested_path", "/v1/models/azure/accounts/org-123/models/gpt-4", true},
 		{"empty_suffix", "/v1/models/", false},
 		{"unrelated", "/v1/chat/completions", false},
-		{"partial_prefix", "/v1/model", false},
+		{"partial_prefix", "/model", false},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {
@@ -134,6 +157,27 @@ func TestIsModelInfoPath(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAdapter_ExtractUnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("标准路径", func(t *testing.T) {
+		modelID, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/openai/gpt-4")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("复杂路径", func(t *testing.T) {
+		modelID, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("非模型详情路径报错", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestAdapter_EncodeError_InvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 	convErr := conversion.NewConversionError(conversion.ErrorCodeInvalidInput, "参数无效")

backend/internal/conversion/openai/adapter_unified_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+package openai
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ExtractUnifiedModelID
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractUnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("standard_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/openai/gpt-4")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", id)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multi_segment_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4", id)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("single_segment", func(t *testing.T) {
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/gpt-4")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4", id)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("non_model_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/chat/completions")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("empty_suffix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("models_list_no_slash", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unrelated_path", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/other")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ExtractModelName
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractModelName(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4","messages":[]}`)
+		model, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", model)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("embedding", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/text-embedding","input":"hello"}`)
+		model, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/text-embedding", model)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rerank", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/rerank","query":"test"}`)
+		model, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/rerank", model)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no_model_field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"messages":[]}`)
+		_, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{invalid}`)
+		_, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported_interface_type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4"}`)
+		_, err := a.ExtractModelName(body, conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RewriteRequestModelName
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestRewriteRequestModelName(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4","messages":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4", m["model"])
+
+		// messages field preserved
+		msgs, ok := m["messages"]
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		msgsArr, ok := msgs.([]interface{})
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Len(t, msgsArr, 0)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("preserves_unknown_fields", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4","temperature":0.7}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4", m["model"])
+		assert.Equal(t, 0.7, m["temperature"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("embedding", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/text-embedding","input":"hello"}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "text-embedding", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "text-embedding", m["model"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "hello", m["input"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rerank", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/rerank","query":"test"}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "rerank", m["model"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "test", m["query"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no_model_field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"messages":[]}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{invalid}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("unsupported_interface_type", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4"}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(body, "gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// RewriteResponseModelName
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestRewriteResponseModelName(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat_existing_model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","choices":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", m["model"])
+
+		choices, ok := m["choices"]
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		choicesArr, ok := choices.([]interface{})
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Len(t, choicesArr, 0)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("chat_without_model_field", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"choices":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", m["model"])
+
+		choices, ok := m["choices"]
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		choicesArr, ok := choices.([]interface{})
+		require.True(t, ok)
+		assert.Len(t, choicesArr, 0)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rerank_existing_model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"rerank","results":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/rerank", m["model"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rerank_without_model_field_should_not_add", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"results":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		_, hasModel := m["model"]
+		assert.False(t, hasModel, "rerank response without model field should not have one added")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("embedding_existing_model", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"text-embedding","data":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/text-embedding", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/text-embedding", m["model"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("embedding_without_model_field_adds", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"data":[]}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/text-embedding", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/text-embedding", m["model"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("passthrough_returns_body_unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4"}`)
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, string(body), string(rewritten))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid_json", func(t *testing.T) {
+		body := []byte(`{invalid}`)
+		_, err := a.RewriteResponseModelName(body, "openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ExtractModelName and RewriteRequest consistency
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestExtractModelNameAndRewriteRequestConsistency(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("chat_round_trip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4","messages":[],"temperature":0.7}`)
+
+		// Extract the unified model ID from the body
+		extracted, err := a.ExtractModelName(original, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", extracted)
+
+		// Rewrite to the native model name
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(original, "gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		// Extract again from the rewritten body to verify the same location was targeted
+		afterRewrite, err := a.ExtractModelName(rewritten, conversion.InterfaceTypeChat)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4", afterRewrite)
+
+		// Verify other fields are preserved
+		var m map[string]interface{}
+		require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(rewritten, &m))
+		assert.Equal(t, 0.7, m["temperature"])
+	})
+
+	t.Run("embedding_round_trip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := []byte(`{"model":"openai/text-embedding","input":"hello"}`)
+
+		extracted, err := a.ExtractModelName(original, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/text-embedding", extracted)
+
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(original, "text-embedding", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		afterRewrite, err := a.ExtractModelName(rewritten, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "text-embedding", afterRewrite)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("rerank_round_trip", func(t *testing.T) {
+		original := []byte(`{"model":"openai/rerank","query":"test"}`)
+
+		extracted, err := a.ExtractModelName(original, conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/rerank", extracted)
+
+		rewritten, err := a.RewriteRequestModelName(original, "rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+
+		afterRewrite, err := a.ExtractModelName(rewritten, conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "rerank", afterRewrite)
+	})
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// isModelInfoPath (additional unified model ID cases)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+func TestIsModelInfoPath_UnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		path     string
+		expected bool
+	}{
+		{"simple_model_id", "/v1/models/gpt-4", true},
+		{"unified_model_id_with_slash", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", true},
+		{"models_list", "/v1/models", false},
+		{"models_list_trailing_slash", "/v1/models/", false},
+		{"chat_completions", "/v1/chat/completions", false},
+		{"deeply_nested", "/v1/models/azure/eastus/deployments/my-dept/models/gpt-4", true},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, isModelInfoPath(tt.path))
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/conversion/openai/decoder.go

@@ -215,10 +215,16 @@ func decodeUserContent(content any) []canonical.ContentBlock {
 		var blocks []canonical.ContentBlock
 		for _, item := range v {
 			if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
-				t, _ := m["type"].(string)
+				t, ok := m["type"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					continue
+				}
 				switch t {
 				case "text":
-					text, _ := m["text"].(string)
+					text, ok := m["text"].(string)
+					if !ok {
+						text = ""
+					}
 					blocks = append(blocks, canonical.NewTextBlock(text))
 				case "image_url":
 					blocks = append(blocks, canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "image"})
@@ -242,9 +248,9 @@ func decodeUserContent(content any) []canonical.ContentBlock {
 
 // contentPart 内容部分
 type contentPart struct {
-	Type     string
-	Text     string
-	Refusal  string
+	Type    string
+	Text    string
+	Refusal string
 }
 
 // decodeContentParts 解码内容部分
@@ -256,13 +262,22 @@ func decodeContentParts(content any) []contentPart {
 	var result []contentPart
 	for _, item := range parts {
 		if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
-			t, _ := m["type"].(string)
+			t, ok := m["type"].(string)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
 			switch t {
 			case "text":
-				text, _ := m["text"].(string)
+				text, ok := m["text"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					text = ""
+				}
 				result = append(result, contentPart{Type: "text", Text: text})
 			case "refusal":
-				refusal, _ := m["refusal"].(string)
+				refusal, ok := m["refusal"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					refusal = ""
+				}
 				result = append(result, contentPart{Type: "refusal", Refusal: refusal})
 			}
 		}
@@ -307,21 +322,33 @@ func decodeToolChoice(toolChoice any) *canonical.ToolChoice {
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 		}
 	case map[string]any:
-		t, _ := v["type"].(string)
+		t, ok := v["type"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
 		switch t {
 		case "function":
 			if fn, ok := v["function"].(map[string]any); ok {
-				name, _ := fn["name"].(string)
+				name, ok := fn["name"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					name = ""
+				}
 				return canonical.NewToolChoiceNamed(name)
 			}
 		case "custom":
 			if custom, ok := v["custom"].(map[string]any); ok {
-				name, _ := custom["name"].(string)
+				name, ok := custom["name"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					name = ""
+				}
 				return canonical.NewToolChoiceNamed(name)
 			}
 		case "allowed_tools":
 			if at, ok := v["allowed_tools"].(map[string]any); ok {
-				mode, _ := at["mode"].(string)
+				mode, ok := at["mode"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					mode = ""
+				}
 				if mode == "required" {
 					return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 				}
@@ -443,7 +470,7 @@ func decodeDeprecatedFields(req *ChatCompletionRequest) {
 		case map[string]any:
 			if name, ok := v["name"].(string); ok {
 				req.ToolChoice = map[string]any{
-					"type": "function",
+					"type":     "function",
 					"function": map[string]any{"name": name},
 				}
 			}

backend/internal/conversion/openai/decoder_test.go

@@ -409,3 +409,25 @@ func TestDecodeResponse_Refusal(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 	assert.True(t, found)
 }
+
+func TestDecodeRequest_AssistantContentArray(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{
+		"model": "gpt-4",
+		"messages": [
+			{"role": "user", "content": "hello"},
+			{
+				"role": "assistant",
+				"content": [{"type": "text", "text": "hello back"}]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	req, err := decodeRequest(body)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, req.Messages, 2)
+	assistantMsg := req.Messages[1]
+	assert.Equal(t, canonical.RoleAssistant, assistantMsg.Role)
+	assert.Len(t, assistantMsg.Content, 1)
+	assert.Equal(t, "text", assistantMsg.Content[0].Type)
+	assert.Equal(t, "hello back", assistantMsg.Content[0].Text)
+}

backend/internal/conversion/openai/encoder.go

@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ func encodeEmbeddingResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingResponse) ([]byte
 		"object": "list",
 		"data":   data,
 		"model":  resp.Model,
-		"usage":   resp.Usage,
+		"usage":  resp.Usage,
 	})
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/openai/encoder_test.go

@@ -45,9 +45,11 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_SystemInjection(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, msgs, 2)
-	firstMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	firstMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "system", firstMsg["role"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "你是助手", firstMsg["content"])
 }
@@ -72,12 +74,15 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_ToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
-	assistantMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assistantMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	toolCalls, ok := assistantMsg["tool_calls"].([]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, toolCalls, 1)
-	tc := toolCalls[0].(map[string]any)
+	tc, ok := toolCalls[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "call_1", tc["id"])
 }
 
@@ -100,11 +105,11 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 func TestEncodeResponse_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	sr := canonical.StopReasonEndTurn
 	resp := &canonical.CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "resp-1",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("你好")},
+		ID:         "resp-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("你好")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
-		Usage:   canonical.CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
+		Usage:      canonical.CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
 	}
 
 	body, err := encodeResponse(resp)
@@ -115,9 +120,12 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "resp-1", result["id"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "chat.completion", result["object"])
 
-	choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-	choice := choices[0].(map[string]any)
-	msg := choice["message"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, ok := result["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	choice, ok := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	msg, ok := choice["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "你好", msg["content"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "stop", choice["finish_reason"])
 }
@@ -126,9 +134,9 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 	sr := canonical.StopReasonToolUse
 	input := json.RawMessage(`{"q":"test"}`)
 	resp := &canonical.CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "resp-2",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewToolUseBlock("call_1", "search", input)},
+		ID:         "resp-2",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewToolUseBlock("call_1", "search", input)},
 		StopReason: &sr,
 	}
 
@@ -137,8 +145,12 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-	msg := choices[0].(map[string]any)["message"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, okc := result["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okc)
+	msgMap, okm := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okm)
+	msg, okmsg := msgMap["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmsg)
 	tcs, ok := msg["tool_calls"].([]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, tcs, 1)
@@ -158,7 +170,8 @@ func TestEncodeModelsResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
 	assert.Equal(t, "list", result["object"])
-	data := result["data"].([]any)
+	data, okd := result["data"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okd)
 	assert.Len(t, data, 2)
 }
 
@@ -317,8 +330,12 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-	msg := choices[0].(map[string]any)["message"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, okch := result["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okch)
+	msgMap, okmm := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmm)
+	msg, okmsg := msgMap["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmsg)
 	assert.Equal(t, "回答", msg["content"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "思考过程", msg["reasoning_content"])
 }

backend/internal/conversion/openai/stream_decoder_test.go

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_BasicText(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":      "chatcmpl-1",
-		"object":  "chat.completion.chunk",
-		"model":   "gpt-4",
+		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
+		"object": "chat.completion.chunk",
+		"model":  "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx := 0
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_FinishReason(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index":         0,
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_DoneSignal(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// 先发送一个文本 chunk
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_RefusalReuse(t *testing.T) {
 	// 连续两个 refusal delta chunk
 	for _, text := range []string{"拒绝", "原因"} {
 		chunk := map[string]any{
-			"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-			"model":  "gpt-4",
+			"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+			"model": "gpt-4",
 			"choices": []any{
 				map[string]any{
 					"index": 0,
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx0 := 0
 	chunk1 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-mt",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-mt",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx1 := 1
 	chunk2 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-mt",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-mt",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleChunks_Text(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk1 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-multi",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-multi",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleChunks_Text(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	chunk2 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-multi",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-multi",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -358,8 +358,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_UTF8Truncation(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-utf8",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-utf8",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ToolCallSubsequentDelta(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx := 0
 	chunk1 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-tc",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-tc",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ToolCallSubsequentDelta(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	chunk2 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-tc",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-tc",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,

backend/internal/conversion/openai/stream_encoder.go

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import (
 
 // StreamEncoder OpenAI 流式编码器
 type StreamEncoder struct {
-	bufferedStart      *canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent
-	toolCallIndexMap   map[string]int
-	nextToolCallIndex  int
+	bufferedStart     *canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent
+	toolCallIndexMap  map[string]int
+	nextToolCallIndex int
 }
 
 // NewStreamEncoder 创建 OpenAI 流式编码器
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeMessageDelta(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent)
 func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeDelta(delta map[string]any) [][]byte {
 	chunk := map[string]any{
 		"choices": []map[string]any{{
-			"index":         0,
-			"delta":         delta,
+			"index": 0,
+			"delta": delta,
 		}},
 	}
 	return e.marshalChunk(chunk)

backend/internal/conversion/openai/stream_encoder_test.go

@@ -27,8 +27,12 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageStart(t *testing.T) {
 	data := strings.TrimPrefix(s, "data: ")
 	data = strings.TrimRight(data, "\n")
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &payload))
-	choices := payload["choices"].([]any)
-	delta := choices[0].(map[string]any)["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, okch := payload["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okch)
+	msgMap, okmm := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmm)
+	delta, okd := msgMap["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okd)
 	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", delta["role"])
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/openai/supplemental_test.go

@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ func TestEncodeRerankResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
 	assert.Equal(t, "rerank-1", result["model"])
-	results := result["results"].([]any)
+	results, okr := result["results"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okr)
 	assert.Len(t, results, 1)
 }
 
@@ -356,9 +357,9 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndReasoning(t *testing.T) {
 	reasoning := 20
 	sr := canonical.StopReasonEndTurn
 	resp := &canonical.CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "r1",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("ok")},
+		ID:         "r1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("ok")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
 		Usage: canonical.CanonicalUsage{
 			InputTokens:     100,
@@ -373,7 +374,8 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndReasoning(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	usage := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	usage, oku := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku)
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(100), usage["prompt_tokens"])
 	ptd, ok := usage["prompt_tokens_details"].(map[string]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
@@ -412,8 +414,10 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_StopReasons(t *testing.T) {
 
 			var result map[string]any
 			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-			choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-			choice := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+			choices, okch := result["choices"].([]any)
+			require.True(t, okch)
+			choice, okc := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+			require.True(t, okc)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, choice["finish_reason"])
 		})
 	}

backend/internal/conversion/openai/types.go

@@ -4,42 +4,42 @@ import "encoding/json"
 
 // ChatCompletionRequest OpenAI Chat Completion 请求
 type ChatCompletionRequest struct {
-	Model            string            `json:"model"`
-	Messages         []Message         `json:"messages"`
-	Tools            []Tool            `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	ToolChoice       any               `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
-	MaxTokens        *int              `json:"max_tokens,omitempty"`
-	MaxCompletionTokens *int           `json:"max_completion_tokens,omitempty"`
-	Temperature      *float64          `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
-	TopP             *float64          `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
-	FrequencyPenalty *float64          `json:"frequency_penalty,omitempty"`
-	PresencePenalty  *float64          `json:"presence_penalty,omitempty"`
-	Stop             any               `json:"stop,omitempty"`
-	Stream           bool              `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	StreamOptions    *StreamOptions    `json:"stream_options,omitempty"`
-	User             string            `json:"user,omitempty"`
-	ResponseFormat   *ResponseFormat   `json:"response_format,omitempty"`
-	ParallelToolCalls *bool            `json:"parallel_tool_calls,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningEffort  string            `json:"reasoning_effort,omitempty"`
-	N                *int              `json:"n,omitempty"`
-	Seed             *int              `json:"seed,omitempty"`
-	Logprobs         *bool             `json:"logprobs,omitempty"`
-	TopLogprobs      *int              `json:"top_logprobs,omitempty"`
+	Model               string          `json:"model"`
+	Messages            []Message       `json:"messages"`
+	Tools               []Tool          `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice          any             `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	MaxTokens           *int            `json:"max_tokens,omitempty"`
+	MaxCompletionTokens *int            `json:"max_completion_tokens,omitempty"`
+	Temperature         *float64        `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
+	TopP                *float64        `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
+	FrequencyPenalty    *float64        `json:"frequency_penalty,omitempty"`
+	PresencePenalty     *float64        `json:"presence_penalty,omitempty"`
+	Stop                any             `json:"stop,omitempty"`
+	Stream              bool            `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	StreamOptions       *StreamOptions  `json:"stream_options,omitempty"`
+	User                string          `json:"user,omitempty"`
+	ResponseFormat      *ResponseFormat `json:"response_format,omitempty"`
+	ParallelToolCalls   *bool           `json:"parallel_tool_calls,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningEffort     string          `json:"reasoning_effort,omitempty"`
+	N                   *int            `json:"n,omitempty"`
+	Seed                *int            `json:"seed,omitempty"`
+	Logprobs            *bool           `json:"logprobs,omitempty"`
+	TopLogprobs         *int            `json:"top_logprobs,omitempty"`
 
 	// 已废弃字段
-	Functions     []FunctionDef `json:"functions,omitempty"`
-	FunctionCall  any           `json:"function_call,omitempty"`
+	Functions    []FunctionDef `json:"functions,omitempty"`
+	FunctionCall any           `json:"function_call,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Message OpenAI 消息
 type Message struct {
-	Role             string          `json:"role"`
-	Content          any             `json:"content"`
-	Name             string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
-	ToolCalls        []ToolCall      `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
-	ToolCallID       string          `json:"tool_call_id,omitempty"`
-	Refusal          string          `json:"refusal,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningContent string          `json:"reasoning_content,omitempty"`
+	Role             string     `json:"role"`
+	Content          any        `json:"content"`
+	Name             string     `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls        []ToolCall `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
+	ToolCallID       string     `json:"tool_call_id,omitempty"`
+	Refusal          string     `json:"refusal,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningContent string     `json:"reasoning_content,omitempty"`
 
 	// 已废弃
 	FunctionCall *FunctionCallMsg `json:"function_call,omitempty"`
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ type FunctionDef struct {
 
 // ResponseFormat OpenAI 响应格式
 type ResponseFormat struct {
-	Type       string          `json:"type"`
-	JSONSchema *JSONSchemaDef  `json:"json_schema,omitempty"`
+	Type       string         `json:"type"`
+	JSONSchema *JSONSchemaDef `json:"json_schema,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // JSONSchemaDef JSON Schema 定义
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ type ChatCompletionResponse struct {
 
 // Choice OpenAI 选择项
 type Choice struct {
-	Index        int     `json:"index"`
+	Index        int      `json:"index"`
 	Message      *Message `json:"message,omitempty"`
 	Delta        *Message `json:"delta,omitempty"`
 	FinishReason *string  `json:"finish_reason"`
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ type Choice struct {
 
 // Usage OpenAI 用量
 type Usage struct {
-	PromptTokens            int                  `json:"prompt_tokens"`
-	CompletionTokens        int                  `json:"completion_tokens"`
-	TotalTokens             int                  `json:"total_tokens"`
-	PromptTokensDetails     *PromptTokensDetails `json:"prompt_tokens_details,omitempty"`
+	PromptTokens            int                      `json:"prompt_tokens"`
+	CompletionTokens        int                      `json:"completion_tokens"`
+	TotalTokens             int                      `json:"total_tokens"`
+	PromptTokensDetails     *PromptTokensDetails     `json:"prompt_tokens_details,omitempty"`
 	CompletionTokensDetails *CompletionTokensDetails `json:"completion_tokens_details,omitempty"`
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/stream.go

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 package conversion
 
-import "nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
+)
 
 // StreamDecoder 流式解码器接口
 type StreamDecoder interface {
@@ -38,14 +43,74 @@ func (c *PassthroughStreamConverter) Flush() [][]byte {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// SmartPassthroughStreamConverter 同协议 Smart Passthrough 流式转换器
+// 按 SSE frame 改写 data JSON 中的 model 字段
+type SmartPassthroughStreamConverter struct {
+	adapter       ProtocolAdapter
+	modelOverride string
+	interfaceType InterfaceType
+	buffer        []byte
+}
+
+// NewSmartPassthroughStreamConverter 创建 Smart Passthrough 流式转换器
+func NewSmartPassthroughStreamConverter(adapter ProtocolAdapter, modelOverride string, interfaceType InterfaceType) *SmartPassthroughStreamConverter {
+	return &SmartPassthroughStreamConverter{
+		adapter:       adapter,
+		modelOverride: modelOverride,
+		interfaceType: interfaceType,
+	}
+}
+
+// ProcessChunk 按 SSE frame 改写 data JSON 中的 model 字段
+func (c *SmartPassthroughStreamConverter) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) [][]byte {
+	if len(rawChunk) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	c.buffer = append(c.buffer, rawChunk...)
+	frames, rest := splitSSEFrames(c.buffer)
+	c.buffer = rest
+
+	result := make([][]byte, 0, len(frames))
+	for _, frame := range frames {
+		result = append(result, c.rewriteFrame(frame))
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func (c *SmartPassthroughStreamConverter) rewriteFrame(frame []byte) []byte {
+	payload, ok := sseFrameDataPayload(frame)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(payload) == "[DONE]" {
+		return frame
+	}
+
+	rewrittenPayload, err := c.adapter.RewriteResponseModelName([]byte(payload), c.modelOverride, c.interfaceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return frame
+	}
+
+	return rebuildSSEFrameWithData(frame, string(rewrittenPayload))
+}
+
+// Flush 输出未形成完整 frame 的剩余数据
+func (c *SmartPassthroughStreamConverter) Flush() [][]byte {
+	if len(c.buffer) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	frame := append([]byte(nil), c.buffer...)
+	c.buffer = nil
+	return [][]byte{c.rewriteFrame(frame)}
+}
+
 // CanonicalStreamConverter 跨协议规范流式转换器
 type CanonicalStreamConverter struct {
-	decoder  StreamDecoder
-	encoder  StreamEncoder
-	chain    *MiddlewareChain
-	ctx      ConversionContext
-	clientProtocol  string
+	decoder          StreamDecoder
+	encoder          StreamEncoder
+	chain            *MiddlewareChain
+	ctx              ConversionContext
+	clientProtocol   string
 	providerProtocol string
+	modelOverride    string
 }
 
 // NewCanonicalStreamConverter 创建规范流式转换器
@@ -57,18 +122,19 @@ func NewCanonicalStreamConverter(decoder StreamDecoder, encoder StreamEncoder) *
 }
 
 // NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware 创建带中间件的规范流式转换器
-func NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder StreamDecoder, encoder StreamEncoder, chain *MiddlewareChain, ctx ConversionContext, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string) *CanonicalStreamConverter {
+func NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder StreamDecoder, encoder StreamEncoder, chain *MiddlewareChain, ctx ConversionContext, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, modelOverride string) *CanonicalStreamConverter {
 	return &CanonicalStreamConverter{
-		decoder:         decoder,
-		encoder:         encoder,
-		chain:           chain,
-		ctx:             ctx,
-		clientProtocol:  clientProtocol,
+		decoder:          decoder,
+		encoder:          encoder,
+		chain:            chain,
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		clientProtocol:   clientProtocol,
 		providerProtocol: providerProtocol,
+		modelOverride:    modelOverride,
 	}
 }
 
-// ProcessChunk 解码 → 中间件 → 编码管道
+// ProcessChunk 解码 → 中间件 → modelOverride → 编码管道
 func (c *CanonicalStreamConverter) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) [][]byte {
 	events := c.decoder.ProcessChunk(rawChunk)
 	var result [][]byte
@@ -80,6 +146,7 @@ func (c *CanonicalStreamConverter) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) [][]byte {
 			}
 			events[i] = *processed
 		}
+		c.applyModelOverride(&events[i])
 		chunks := c.encoder.EncodeEvent(events[i])
 		result = append(result, chunks...)
 	}
@@ -98,6 +165,7 @@ func (c *CanonicalStreamConverter) Flush() [][]byte {
 			}
 			events[i] = *processed
 		}
+		c.applyModelOverride(&events[i])
 		chunks := c.encoder.EncodeEvent(events[i])
 		result = append(result, chunks...)
 	}
@@ -105,3 +173,93 @@ func (c *CanonicalStreamConverter) Flush() [][]byte {
 	result = append(result, encoderChunks...)
 	return result
 }
+
+// applyModelOverride 在跨协议场景下覆写流式事件中的 Model 字段
+func (c *CanonicalStreamConverter) applyModelOverride(event *canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent) {
+	if c.modelOverride != "" && event.Message != nil {
+		event.Message.Model = c.modelOverride
+	}
+}
+
+func splitSSEFrames(data []byte) ([][]byte, []byte) {
+	var frames [][]byte
+	for len(data) > 0 {
+		idx, sepLen := findSSEFrameSeparator(data)
+		if idx < 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		end := idx + sepLen
+		frames = append(frames, append([]byte(nil), data[:end]...))
+		data = data[end:]
+	}
+	return frames, data
+}
+
+func findSSEFrameSeparator(data []byte) (int, int) {
+	lf := bytes.Index(data, []byte("\n\n"))
+	crlf := bytes.Index(data, []byte("\r\n\r\n"))
+	switch {
+	case lf < 0 && crlf < 0:
+		return -1, 0
+	case lf < 0:
+		return crlf, 4
+	case crlf < 0:
+		return lf, 2
+	case crlf <= lf:
+		return crlf, 4
+	default:
+		return lf, 2
+	}
+}
+
+func sseFrameDataPayload(frame []byte) (string, bool) {
+	text := strings.TrimRight(string(frame), "\r\n")
+	lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
+	var dataLines []string
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r")
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data:") {
+			value := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data:")
+			if strings.HasPrefix(value, " ") {
+				value = value[1:]
+			}
+			dataLines = append(dataLines, value)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(dataLines) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return strings.Join(dataLines, "\n"), true
+}
+
+func rebuildSSEFrameWithData(frame []byte, data string) []byte {
+	lineEnding, separator := sseLineEnding(frame)
+	text := strings.TrimRight(string(frame), "\r\n")
+	lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(lines)+1)
+	dataWritten := false
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r")
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data:") {
+			if !dataWritten {
+				for _, dataLine := range strings.Split(data, "\n") {
+					out = append(out, "data: "+dataLine)
+				}
+				dataWritten = true
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, line)
+	}
+	if !dataWritten {
+		out = append(out, "data: "+data)
+	}
+	return []byte(strings.Join(out, lineEnding) + separator)
+}
+
+func sseLineEnding(frame []byte) (string, string) {
+	if bytes.Contains(frame, []byte("\r\n")) {
+		return "\r\n", "\r\n\r\n"
+	}
+	return "\n", "\n\n"
+}

backend/internal/conversion/stream_test.go

@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func TestCanonicalStreamConverter_WithMiddleware(t *testing.T) {
 	chain.Use(&recordingMiddleware{name: "mw1", records: &records})
 	ctx := NewConversionContext(InterfaceTypeChat)
 
-	converter := NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder, encoder, chain, *ctx, "openai", "anthropic")
+	converter := NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder, encoder, chain, *ctx, "openai", "anthropic", "")
 	result := converter.ProcessChunk([]byte("raw"))
 
 	assert.Len(t, result, 1)
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ func TestCanonicalStreamConverter_MiddlewareError_Continue(t *testing.T) {
 	chain.Use(&errorMiddleware{})
 	ctx := NewConversionContext(InterfaceTypeChat)
 
-	converter := NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder, encoder, chain, *ctx, "openai", "anthropic")
+	converter := NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder, encoder, chain, *ctx, "openai", "anthropic", "")
 	result := converter.ProcessChunk([]byte("raw"))
 
 	assert.Nil(t, result, "middleware error should cause the event to be skipped (continue)")
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func TestCanonicalStreamConverter_Flush_MiddlewareError_Continue(t *testing.T) {
 	chain.Use(&errorMiddleware{})
 	ctx := NewConversionContext(InterfaceTypeChat)
 
-	converter := NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder, encoder, chain, *ctx, "openai", "anthropic")
+	converter := NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(decoder, encoder, chain, *ctx, "openai", "anthropic", "")
 	result := converter.Flush()
 
 	assert.Len(t, result, 1)

backend/internal/database/database.go

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/pressly/goose/v3"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
+	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/migrations"
+	pkglogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+func Init(cfg *config.DatabaseConfig, zapLogger *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, error) {
+	moduleLogger := pkglogger.WithModule(zapLogger, "database")
+
+	db, err := initDB(cfg, moduleLogger)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("初始化数据库失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := runMigrations(db, cfg.Driver, moduleLogger); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("数据库迁移失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	configurePool(db, cfg, moduleLogger)
+
+	return db, nil
+}
+
+func Close(db *gorm.DB) {
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	sqlDB.Close()
+}
+
+func initDB(cfg *config.DatabaseConfig, zapLogger *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, error) {
+	gormLogger := pkglogger.NewGormLogger(zapLogger)
+
+	gormConfig := &gorm.Config{
+		Logger: gormLogger,
+	}
+
+	switch cfg.Driver {
+	case "mysql":
+		dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%d)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local",
+			cfg.User, cfg.Password, cfg.Host, cfg.Port, cfg.DBName)
+		if zapLogger != nil {
+			zapLogger.Info("连接 MySQL 数据库",
+				zap.String("host", cfg.Host),
+				zap.Int("port", cfg.Port),
+				zap.String("database", cfg.DBName))
+		}
+		return gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), gormConfig)
+	default:
+		dbDir := filepath.Dir(cfg.Path)
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(dbDir, 0o755); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("创建数据库目录失败: %w", err)
+		}
+		if zapLogger != nil {
+			zapLogger.Info("连接 SQLite 数据库", zap.String("path", cfg.Path))
+		}
+		return gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(cfg.Path), gormConfig)
+	}
+}
+
+func runMigrations(db *gorm.DB, driver string, zapLogger *zap.Logger) error {
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	dialect, fsys, err := migrations.ForDriver(driver)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if zapLogger != nil {
+		zapLogger.Info("执行数据库迁移",
+			zap.String("dialect", string(dialect)),
+			zap.String("driver", driver))
+	}
+
+	provider, err := goose.NewProvider(dialect, sqlDB, fsys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("创建迁移提供者失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := provider.Up(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("执行迁移失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func configurePool(db *gorm.DB, cfg *config.DatabaseConfig, zapLogger *zap.Logger) {
+	if cfg.Driver == "sqlite" {
+		if err := db.Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL").Error; err != nil {
+			if zapLogger != nil {
+				zapLogger.Warn("启用 WAL 模式失败", zap.Error(err))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	sqlDB.SetMaxIdleConns(cfg.MaxIdleConns)
+	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(cfg.MaxOpenConns)
+	sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(cfg.ConnMaxLifetime)
+
+	if zapLogger != nil {
+		zapLogger.Info("数据库连接池配置",
+			zap.Int("max_idle_conns", cfg.MaxIdleConns),
+			zap.Int("max_open_conns", cfg.MaxOpenConns),
+			zap.Duration("conn_max_lifetime", cfg.ConnMaxLifetime))
+	}
+}
+
+func BuildDSN(cfg *config.DatabaseConfig) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%d)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local",
+		cfg.User, cfg.Password, cfg.Host, cfg.Port, cfg.DBName)
+}

backend/internal/database/database_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/migrations"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func TestInit_SQLite(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "sqlite",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, db)
+	defer Close(db)
+
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, sqlDB)
+}
+
+func TestClose(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "sqlite",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, db)
+
+	Close(db)
+}
+
+func TestBuildDSN(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:   "mysql",
+		Host:     "db.example.com",
+		Port:     3306,
+		User:     "nexuser",
+		Password: "secretpass",
+		DBName:   "nexdb",
+	}
+
+	dsn := BuildDSN(cfg)
+	assert.Equal(t, "nexuser:secretpass@tcp(db.example.com:3306)/nexdb?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local", dsn)
+}
+
+func TestBuildDSN_EmptyPassword(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver: "mysql",
+		Host:   "localhost",
+		Port:   3306,
+		User:   "root",
+		DBName: "nex",
+	}
+
+	dsn := BuildDSN(cfg)
+	assert.Equal(t, "root:@tcp(localhost:3306)/nex?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local", dsn)
+}
+
+func TestInit_SQLite_AnyCWD(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	origDir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err == nil {
+		defer func() {
+			if chdirErr := os.Chdir(origDir); chdirErr != nil {
+				t.Logf("无法恢复工作目录: %v", chdirErr)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	if chdirErr := os.Chdir(dir); chdirErr != nil {
+		t.Skipf("无法切换到临时目录: %v", chdirErr)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "sqlite",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, db)
+	defer Close(db)
+
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, sqlDB)
+}
+
+func TestForDriverDialect_SQLite(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, testMigrateWithDriver(t, "sqlite"))
+}
+
+func TestForDriverDialect_MySQL(t *testing.T) {
+	dialect, fsys, err := migrations.ForDriver("mysql")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "mysql", string(dialect))
+	entries, fsErr := fs.ReadDir(fsys, ".")
+	require.NoError(t, fsErr)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, entries, "MySQL 迁移资源应至少包含一个文件")
+}
+
+func TestForDriverDialect_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "postgres",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	_, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "非法 driver 应返回错误")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "不支持的数据库驱动")
+}
+
+func testMigrateWithDriver(t *testing.T, driver string) error {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          driver,
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	Close(db)
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/database/embedded_migration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/migrations"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_SQLiteResourcesPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(migrations.FS, "sqlite")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var sqlFiles []string
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if !entry.IsDir() {
+			sqlFiles = append(sqlFiles, entry.Name())
+		}
+	}
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sqlFiles, "SQLite 迁移资源应至少包含一个 .sql 文件")
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_MySQLResourcesPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(migrations.FS, "mysql")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var sqlFiles []string
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if !entry.IsDir() {
+			sqlFiles = append(sqlFiles, entry.Name())
+		}
+	}
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sqlFiles, "MySQL 迁移资源应至少包含一个 .sql 文件")
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_SQLiteSQLParsable(t *testing.T) {
+	subFS, err := fs.Sub(migrations.FS, "sqlite")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(subFS, ".")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(subFS, entry.Name())
+		require.NoError(t, err, "无法读取迁移文件: %s", entry.Name())
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, data, "迁移文件内容不应为空: %s", entry.Name())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_MySQLSQLParsable(t *testing.T) {
+	subFS, err := fs.Sub(migrations.FS, "mysql")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(subFS, ".")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(subFS, entry.Name())
+		require.NoError(t, err, "无法读取迁移文件: %s", entry.Name())
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, data, "迁移文件内容不应为空: %s", entry.Name())
+	}
+}

backend/internal/domain/model.go

@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
 package domain
 
-import "time"
+import (
+	"time"
 
-// Model 模型领域模型
+	"nex/backend/pkg/modelid"
+)
+
+// Model 模型领域模型（id 为 UUID 自动生成）
 type Model struct {
 	ID         string    `json:"id"`
 	ProviderID string    `json:"provider_id"`
@@ -10,3 +14,8 @@ type Model struct {
 	Enabled    bool      `json:"enabled"`
 	CreatedAt  time.Time `json:"created_at"`
 }
+
+// UnifiedModelID 返回统一模型 ID（格式：provider_id/model_name）
+func (m *Model) UnifiedModelID() string {
+	return modelid.FormatUnifiedModelID(m.ProviderID, m.ModelName)
+}

backend/internal/domain/provider.go

@@ -13,12 +13,3 @@ type Provider struct {
 	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
 	UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
 }
-
-// MaskAPIKey 掩码 API Key（仅显示最后 4 个字符）
-func (p *Provider) MaskAPIKey() {
-	if len(p.APIKey) > 4 {
-		p.APIKey = "***" + p.APIKey[len(p.APIKey)-4:]
-	} else {
-		p.APIKey = "***"
-	}
-}

backend/internal/handler/handler_supplemental_test.go

@@ -6,20 +6,27 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
 
+	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 )
 
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
-		"id":      "p1",
-		"name":    "Test",
-		"api_key": "sk-test",
+		"id":       "p1",
+		"name":     "Test",
+		"api_key":  "sk-test",
 		"base_url": "https://api.test.com",
 	})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -33,11 +40,16 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	var result domain.Provider
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
 	assert.Equal(t, "p1", result.ID)
-	assert.Contains(t, result.APIKey, "***")
+	assert.Equal(t, "sk-test", result.APIKey)
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_WithProtocol(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"id":       "p1",
@@ -56,9 +68,13 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_WithProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		provider: &domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "Updated", APIKey: "***"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("p1")).Return(&domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "Updated", APIKey: "sk-test"}, nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"name": "Updated"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -72,7 +88,11 @@ func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_InvalidBody(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -84,7 +104,12 @@ func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_InvalidBody(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_DeleteProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Delete(gomock.Eq("p1")).Return(nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -97,7 +122,12 @@ func TestProviderHandler_DeleteProvider(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_DeleteModel(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Delete(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -110,10 +140,17 @@ func TestModelHandler_DeleteModel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_Success(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).DoAndReturn(func(model *domain.Model) error {
+		model.ID = "mock-uuid-1234"
+		return nil
+	})
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
-		"id":          "m1",
 		"provider_id": "p1",
 		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
 	})
@@ -127,13 +164,16 @@ func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_Success(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result domain.Model
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
-	assert.Equal(t, "m1", result.ID)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, result.ID)
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_GetModel(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		model: &domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -149,9 +189,13 @@ func TestModelHandler_GetModel(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_UpdateModel(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		model: &domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4o"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("m1"), gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4o"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"model_name": "gpt-4o"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()

backend/internal/handler/handler_test.go

@@ -2,21 +2,22 @@ package handler
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
-	"time"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
-	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
-	"nex/backend/internal/provider"
 	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
 )
 
@@ -24,82 +25,12 @@ func init() {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 }
 
-// ============ Mock 实现 ============
-
-type mockRoutingService struct {
-	result *domain.RouteResult
-	err    error
-}
-
-func (m *mockRoutingService) Route(modelName string) (*domain.RouteResult, error) {
-	return m.result, m.err
-}
-
-type mockStatsService struct {
-	err        error
-	stats      []domain.UsageStats
-	aggrResult []map[string]interface{}
-}
-
-func (m *mockStatsService) Record(providerID, modelName string) error {
-	return m.err
-}
-func (m *mockStatsService) Get(providerID, modelName string, startDate, endDate *time.Time) ([]domain.UsageStats, error) {
-	return m.stats, nil
-}
-func (m *mockStatsService) Aggregate(stats []domain.UsageStats, groupBy string) []map[string]interface{} {
-	return m.aggrResult
-}
-
-type mockProviderService struct {
-	provider  *domain.Provider
-	providers []domain.Provider
-	err       error
-}
-
-func (m *mockProviderService) Create(provider *domain.Provider) error { return m.err }
-func (m *mockProviderService) Get(id string, maskKey bool) (*domain.Provider, error) {
-	return m.provider, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockProviderService) List() ([]domain.Provider, error) { return m.providers, m.err }
-func (m *mockProviderService) Update(id string, updates map[string]interface{}) error {
-	return m.err
-}
-func (m *mockProviderService) Delete(id string) error { return m.err }
-
-type mockModelService struct {
-	model  *domain.Model
-	models []domain.Model
-	err    error
-}
-
-func (m *mockModelService) Create(model *domain.Model) error { return m.err }
-func (m *mockModelService) Get(id string) (*domain.Model, error) {
-	return m.model, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) List(providerID string) ([]domain.Model, error) {
-	return m.models, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) Update(id string, updates map[string]interface{}) error {
-	return m.err
-}
-func (m *mockModelService) Delete(id string) error { return m.err }
-
-type mockProviderClient struct {
-	err error
-}
-
-func (m *mockProviderClient) Send(ctx context.Context, spec interface{}) (interface{}, error) {
-	return nil, m.err
-}
-func (m *mockProviderClient) SendStream(ctx context.Context, spec interface{}) (<-chan provider.StreamEvent, error) {
-	return nil, m.err
-}
-
-// ============ Provider Handler 测试 ============
-
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"id": "p1"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -112,12 +43,15 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_ListProviders(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		providers: []domain.Provider{
-			{ID: "p1", Name: "P1"},
-			{ID: "p2", Name: "P2"},
-		},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().List().Return([]domain.Provider{
+		{ID: "p1", Name: "P1"},
+		{ID: "p2", Name: "P2"},
+	}, nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -127,14 +61,17 @@ func TestProviderHandler_ListProviders(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 
 	var result []domain.Provider
-	json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result)
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
 	assert.Len(t, result, 2)
 }
 
 func TestProviderHandler_GetProvider(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		provider: &domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "P1", APIKey: "***"},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("p1")).Return(&domain.Provider{ID: "p1", Name: "P1", APIKey: "sk-test"}, nil)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -145,10 +82,12 @@ func TestProviderHandler_GetProvider(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 }
 
-// ============ Model Handler 测试 ============
-
 func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"id": "m1"})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -161,12 +100,15 @@ func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestModelHandler_ListModels(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewModelHandler(&mockModelService{
-		models: []domain.Model{
-			{ID: "m1", ModelName: "gpt-4"},
-			{ID: "m2", ModelName: "gpt-3.5"},
-		},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().List(gomock.Eq("")).Return([]domain.Model{
+		{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4"},
+		{ID: "m2", ProviderID: "anthropic", ModelName: "claude-3"},
+	}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -174,16 +116,98 @@ func TestModelHandler_ListModels(t *testing.T) {
 
 	h.ListModels(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
+
+	var result []modelResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
+	require.Len(t, result, 2)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", result[0].UnifiedModelID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "anthropic/claude-3", result[1].UnifiedModelID)
 }
 
-// ============ Stats Handler 测试 ============
+func TestModelHandler_GetModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "m1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/api/models/m1", nil)
+
+	h.GetModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
+
+	var result modelResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
+	assert.Equal(t, "m1", result.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", result.UnifiedModelID)
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).DoAndReturn(func(model *domain.Model) error {
+		model.ID = "mock-uuid-1234"
+		return nil
+	})
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"provider_id": "openai",
+		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
+	})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 201, w.Code)
+
+	var result modelResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
+	assert.Equal(t, "mock-uuid-1234", result.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", result.UnifiedModelID)
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_UpdateModel_UnifiedID(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("m1"), gomock.Any()).Return(nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Eq("m1")).Return(&domain.Model{ID: "m1", ProviderID: "openai", ModelName: "gpt-4-turbo"}, nil)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"enabled": false})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "m1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("PUT", "/api/models/m1", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.UpdateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
+
+	var result modelResponse
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result))
+	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4-turbo", result.UnifiedModelID)
+}
 
 func TestStatsHandler_GetStats(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewStatsHandler(&mockStatsService{
-		stats: []domain.UsageStats{
-			{ProviderID: "p1", ModelName: "gpt-4", RequestCount: 10},
-		},
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockStatsService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return([]domain.UsageStats{
+		{ProviderID: "p1", ModelName: "gpt-4", RequestCount: 10},
+	}, nil)
+	h := NewStatsHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -194,7 +218,11 @@ func TestStatsHandler_GetStats(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStatsHandler_GetStats_InvalidDate(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewStatsHandler(&mockStatsService{})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockStatsService(ctrl)
+	h := NewStatsHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -205,14 +233,17 @@ func TestStatsHandler_GetStats_InvalidDate(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestStatsHandler_AggregateStats(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewStatsHandler(&mockStatsService{
-		stats: []domain.UsageStats{
-			{ProviderID: "p1", RequestCount: 10},
-		},
-		aggrResult: []map[string]interface{}{
-			{"provider_id": "p1", "request_count": 10},
-		},
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockStatsService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Get(gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any(), gomock.Any()).Return([]domain.UsageStats{
+		{ProviderID: "p1", RequestCount: 10},
+	}, nil)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Aggregate(gomock.Any(), gomock.Eq("provider")).Return([]map[string]interface{}{
+		{"provider_id": "p1", "request_count": 10},
 	})
+	h := NewStatsHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -222,8 +253,6 @@ func TestStatsHandler_AggregateStats(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 }
 
-// ============ writeError 测试 ============
-
 func TestWriteError(t *testing.T) {
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
@@ -252,12 +281,13 @@ func formatMapErrors(errs map[string]string) string {
 	return "请求验证失败: " + strings.Join(parts, "; ")
 }
 
-// ============ 错误类型判断测试 ============
-
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_DuplicatedKey(t *testing.T) {
-	h := NewProviderHandler(&mockProviderService{
-		err: gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey,
-	})
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrConflict)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
 		"id":       "p1",
@@ -273,3 +303,158 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_DuplicatedKey(t *testing.T) {
 	h.CreateProvider(c)
 	assert.Equal(t, 409, w.Code)
 }
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_ProviderNotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrProviderNotFound)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"provider_id": "nonexistent",
+		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
+	})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "供应商不存在")
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_DuplicateModel(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrDuplicateModel)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"provider_id": "openai",
+		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
+	})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 409, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "同一供应商下模型名称已存在")
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Create(gomock.Any()).Return(errors.New("database error"))
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
+		"provider_id": "openai",
+		"model_name":  "gpt-4",
+	})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 500, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_NotFound(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(gorm.ErrRecordNotFound)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"name": "Updated"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "p1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("PUT", "/api/providers/p1", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.UpdateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 404, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_ImmutableField(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(appErrors.ErrImmutableField)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"name": "Updated"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "p1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("PUT", "/api/providers/p1", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.UpdateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+	assert.Contains(t, w.Body.String(), "供应商 ID 不允许修改")
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_UpdateProvider_InternalError(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	mockSvc.EXPECT().Update(gomock.Eq("p1"), gomock.Any()).Return(errors.New("database error"))
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]interface{}{"name": "Updated"})
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Params = gin.Params{{Key: "id", Value: "p1"}}
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("PUT", "/api/providers/p1", bytes.NewReader(body))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.UpdateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 500, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestModelHandler_CreateModel_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockModelService(ctrl)
+	h := NewModelHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/models", bytes.NewReader([]byte("{invalid json")))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateModel(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+}
+
+func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_InvalidJSON(t *testing.T) {
+	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
+	defer ctrl.Finish()
+
+	mockSvc := mocks.NewMockProviderService(ctrl)
+	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
+	c.Request = httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/api/providers", bytes.NewReader([]byte("{invalid json")))
+	c.Request.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+
+	h.CreateProvider(c)
+	assert.Equal(t, 400, w.Code)
+}

backend/internal/handler/middleware/logging.go

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	pkglogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
-// Logging 日志中间件
 func Logging(logger *zap.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		start := time.Now()
@@ -15,12 +16,16 @@ func Logging(logger *zap.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 		query := c.Request.URL.RawQuery
 
 		requestID, _ := c.Get(RequestIDKey)
-		logger.Info("请求开始",
-			zap.String("method", c.Request.Method),
-			zap.String("path", path),
-			zap.String("query", query),
-			zap.String("client_ip", c.ClientIP()),
-			zap.Any("request_id", requestID),
+		var requestIDStr string
+		if id, ok := requestID.(string); ok {
+			requestIDStr = id
+		}
+		logger.Debug("请求开始",
+			pkglogger.Method(c.Request.Method),
+			pkglogger.Path(path),
+			pkglogger.Query(query),
+			pkglogger.ClientIP(c.ClientIP()),
+			pkglogger.RequestID(requestIDStr),
 		)
 
 		c.Next()
@@ -28,13 +33,13 @@ func Logging(logger *zap.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 		latency := time.Since(start)
 		statusCode := c.Writer.Status()
 
-		logger.Info("请求结束",
-			zap.Int("status", statusCode),
-			zap.String("method", c.Request.Method),
-			zap.String("path", path),
-			zap.Duration("latency", latency),
-			zap.Int("body_size", c.Writer.Size()),
-			zap.Any("request_id", requestID),
+		logger.Debug("请求结束",
+			pkglogger.StatusCode(statusCode),
+			pkglogger.Method(c.Request.Method),
+			pkglogger.Path(path),
+			pkglogger.Latency(latency),
+			pkglogger.BodySize(c.Writer.Size()),
+			pkglogger.RequestID(requestIDStr),
 		)
 	}
 }

backend/internal/handler/middleware/middleware_test.go

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zaptest/observer"
 )
 
 func init() {
@@ -65,6 +67,61 @@ func TestLogging(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
 }
 
+func TestLogging_DoesNotLogLifecycleAtInfoLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	core, logs := observer.New(zapcore.InfoLevel)
+	logger := zap.New(core)
+
+	w := serveLoggingRequest(logger)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
+	assert.Empty(t, logs.FilterMessage("请求开始").All())
+	assert.Empty(t, logs.FilterMessage("请求结束").All())
+}
+
+func TestLogging_LogsLifecycleAtDebugLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	core, logs := observer.New(zapcore.DebugLevel)
+	logger := zap.New(core)
+
+	w := serveLoggingRequest(logger)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, 200, w.Code)
+	startLogs := logs.FilterMessage("请求开始").All()
+	endLogs := logs.FilterMessage("请求结束").All()
+	if assert.Len(t, startLogs, 1) {
+		fields := startLogs[0].ContextMap()
+		assert.Equal(t, "GET", fields["method"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "/test", fields["path"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "key=value", fields["query"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "existing-id-123", fields["request_id"])
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, fields["client_ip"])
+	}
+	if assert.Len(t, endLogs, 1) {
+		fields := endLogs[0].ContextMap()
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(200), fields["status"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "GET", fields["method"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "/test", fields["path"])
+		assert.Equal(t, int64(2), fields["body_size"])
+		assert.Equal(t, "existing-id-123", fields["request_id"])
+		assert.Contains(t, fields, "latency")
+	}
+}
+
+func serveLoggingRequest(logger *zap.Logger) *httptest.ResponseRecorder {
+	r := gin.New()
+	r.Use(RequestID())
+	r.Use(Logging(logger))
+	r.GET("/test", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.String(200, "ok")
+	})
+
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/test?key=value", nil)
+	req.Header.Set("X-Request-ID", "existing-id-123")
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	return w
+}
+
 func TestRecovery_NoPanic(t *testing.T) {
 	logger := zap.NewNop()
 

backend/internal/handler/model_handler.go

@@ -1,15 +1,16 @@
 package handler
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"nex/backend/internal/service"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
-
-	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
-	"nex/backend/internal/service"
 )
 
 // ModelHandler 模型管理处理器
@@ -22,40 +23,59 @@ func NewModelHandler(modelService service.ModelService) *ModelHandler {
 	return &ModelHandler{modelService: modelService}
 }
 
+// modelResponse 模型响应 DTO，扩展 unified_id 字段
+type modelResponse struct {
+	domain.Model
+	UnifiedModelID string `json:"unified_id"`
+}
+
+// newModelResponse 从 domain.Model 构造响应 DTO
+func newModelResponse(m *domain.Model) modelResponse {
+	return modelResponse{
+		Model:          *m,
+		UnifiedModelID: m.UnifiedModelID(),
+	}
+}
+
 // CreateModel 创建模型
 func (h *ModelHandler) CreateModel(c *gin.Context) {
 	var req struct {
-		ID         string `json:"id" binding:"required"`
 		ProviderID string `json:"provider_id" binding:"required"`
 		ModelName  string `json:"model_name" binding:"required"`
 	}
 
 	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
 		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
-			"error": "缺少必需字段: id, provider_id, model_name",
+			"error": "缺少必需字段: provider_id, model_name",
 		})
 		return
 	}
 
 	model := &domain.Model{
-		ID:         req.ID,
 		ProviderID: req.ProviderID,
 		ModelName:  req.ModelName,
 	}
 
 	err := h.modelService.Create(model)
 	if err != nil {
-		if err == appErrors.ErrProviderNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, appErrors.ErrProviderNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
 				"error": "供应商不存在",
 			})
 			return
 		}
+		if errors.Is(err, appErrors.ErrDuplicateModel) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+				"error": "同一供应商下模型名称已存在",
+				"code":  appErrors.ErrDuplicateModel.Code,
+			})
+			return
+		}
 		writeError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, model)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, newModelResponse(model))
 }
 
 // ListModels 列出模型
@@ -68,7 +88,11 @@ func (h *ModelHandler) ListModels(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, models)
+	resp := make([]modelResponse, len(models))
+	for i, m := range models {
+		resp[i] = newModelResponse(&m)
+	}
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, resp)
 }
 
 // GetModel 获取模型
@@ -77,7 +101,7 @@ func (h *ModelHandler) GetModel(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	model, err := h.modelService.Get(id)
 	if err != nil {
-		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 				"error": "模型未找到",
 			})
@@ -87,7 +111,7 @@ func (h *ModelHandler) GetModel(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, model)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newModelResponse(model))
 }
 
 // UpdateModel 更新模型
@@ -104,18 +128,25 @@ func (h *ModelHandler) UpdateModel(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	err := h.modelService.Update(id, req)
 	if err != nil {
-		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, appErrors.ErrModelNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 				"error": "模型未找到",
 			})
 			return
 		}
-		if err == appErrors.ErrProviderNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, appErrors.ErrProviderNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
 				"error": "供应商不存在",
 			})
 			return
 		}
+		if errors.Is(err, appErrors.ErrDuplicateModel) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
+				"error": appErrors.ErrDuplicateModel.Message,
+				"code":  appErrors.ErrDuplicateModel.Code,
+			})
+			return
+		}
 		writeError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
@@ -126,7 +157,7 @@ func (h *ModelHandler) UpdateModel(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, model)
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, newModelResponse(model))
 }
 
 // DeleteModel 删除模型
@@ -135,7 +166,7 @@ func (h *ModelHandler) DeleteModel(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	err := h.modelService.Delete(id)
 	if err != nil {
-		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 				"error": "模型未找到",
 			})

backend/internal/handler/provider_handler.go

@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 
+	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"nex/backend/internal/service"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
 	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
-
-	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
-	"nex/backend/internal/service"
 )
 
 // ProviderHandler 供应商管理处理器
@@ -55,9 +55,10 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) CreateProvider(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	err := h.providerService.Create(provider)
 	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrDuplicatedKey) {
-			c.JSON(http.StatusConflict, gin.H{
-				"error": "供应商 ID 已存在",
+		if errors.Is(err, appErrors.ErrInvalidProviderID) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": appErrors.ErrInvalidProviderID.Message,
+				"code":  appErrors.ErrInvalidProviderID.Code,
 			})
 			return
 		}
@@ -65,7 +66,6 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) CreateProvider(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	provider.MaskAPIKey()
 	c.JSON(http.StatusCreated, provider)
 }
 
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) ListProviders(c *gin.Context) {
 func (h *ProviderHandler) GetProvider(c *gin.Context) {
 	id := c.Param("id")
 
-	provider, err := h.providerService.Get(id, true)
+	provider, err := h.providerService.Get(id)
 	if err != nil {
-		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 				"error": "供应商未找到",
 			})
@@ -113,17 +113,24 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) UpdateProvider(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	err := h.providerService.Update(id, req)
 	if err != nil {
-		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 				"error": "供应商未找到",
 			})
 			return
 		}
+		if errors.Is(err, appErrors.ErrImmutableField) {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+				"error": appErrors.ErrImmutableField.Message,
+				"code":  appErrors.ErrImmutableField.Code,
+			})
+			return
+		}
 		writeError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 
-	provider, err := h.providerService.Get(id, true)
+	provider, err := h.providerService.Get(id)
 	if err != nil {
 		writeError(c, err)
 		return
@@ -138,7 +145,7 @@ func (h *ProviderHandler) DeleteProvider(c *gin.Context) {
 
 	err := h.providerService.Delete(id)
 	if err != nil {
-		if err == gorm.ErrRecordNotFound {
+		if errors.Is(err, gorm.ErrRecordNotFound) {
 			c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{
 				"error": "供应商未找到",
 			})

backend/internal/handler/proxy_handler.go

@@ -3,38 +3,44 @@ package handler
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
 
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
 	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
 	"nex/backend/internal/provider"
 	"nex/backend/internal/service"
+	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
+	"nex/backend/pkg/modelid"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	pkglogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 // ProxyHandler 统一代理处理器
 type ProxyHandler struct {
-	engine         *conversion.ConversionEngine
-	client         provider.ProviderClient
-	routingService service.RoutingService
+	engine          *conversion.ConversionEngine
+	client          provider.ProviderClient
+	routingService  service.RoutingService
 	providerService service.ProviderService
-	statsService   service.StatsService
-	logger         *zap.Logger
+	statsService    service.StatsService
+	logger          *zap.Logger
 }
 
 // NewProxyHandler 创建统一代理处理器
-func NewProxyHandler(engine *conversion.ConversionEngine, client provider.ProviderClient, routingService service.RoutingService, providerService service.ProviderService, statsService service.StatsService) *ProxyHandler {
+func NewProxyHandler(engine *conversion.ConversionEngine, client provider.ProviderClient, routingService service.RoutingService, providerService service.ProviderService, statsService service.StatsService, logger *zap.Logger) *ProxyHandler {
 	return &ProxyHandler{
 		engine:          engine,
 		client:          client,
 		routingService:  routingService,
 		providerService: providerService,
 		statsService:    statsService,
-		logger:          zap.L(),
+		logger:          pkglogger.WithModule(logger, "handler.proxy"),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -43,47 +49,93 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) HandleProxy(c *gin.Context) {
 	// 从 URL 提取 clientProtocol: /{protocol}/v1/...
 	clientProtocol := c.Param("protocol")
 	if clientProtocol == "" {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "缺少协议前缀"})
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "INVALID_REQUEST", "缺少协议前缀")
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 原始路径: /v1/{path}
+	// 原始路径: /{path}
 	path := c.Param("path")
-	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") {
-		path = path[1:]
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") {
+		path = "/" + path
+	}
+	nativePath := path
+	requestPath := appendRawQuery(nativePath, c.Request.URL.RawQuery)
+
+	// 获取 client adapter
+	registry := h.engine.GetRegistry()
+	clientAdapter, err := registry.Get(clientProtocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusNotFound, "UNSUPPORTED_INTERFACE", "不支持的协议: "+clientProtocol)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 检测接口类型
+	ifaceType := clientAdapter.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath)
+
+	// 处理 Models 接口：本地聚合
+	if ifaceType == conversion.InterfaceTypeModels {
+		h.handleModelsList(c, clientAdapter)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 处理 ModelInfo 接口：本地查询
+	if ifaceType == conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo {
+		unifiedID, err := clientAdapter.ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "INVALID_MODEL_ID", "无效的模型 ID 格式")
+			return
+		}
+		h.handleModelInfo(c, unifiedID, clientAdapter)
+		return
 	}
-	nativePath := "/v1/" + path
 
 	// 读取请求体
 	body, err := io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "读取请求体失败"})
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "INVALID_REQUEST", "读取请求体失败")
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 解析 model 名称（从 JSON body 中提取，GET 请求无 body）
-	modelName := ""
-	if len(body) > 0 {
-		modelName = extractModelName(body)
-	}
-
 	// 构建输入 HTTPRequestSpec
 	inSpec := conversion.HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL:     nativePath,
+		URL:     requestPath,
 		Method:  c.Request.Method,
 		Headers: extractHeaders(c),
 		Body:    body,
 	}
+	isStream := h.isStreamRequest(body, clientProtocol, nativePath)
 
-	// 路由
-	routeResult, err := h.routingService.Route(modelName)
+	// 只有 adapter 明确适配的接口才提取 model。未知接口不做通用 model 猜测。
+	if len(body) == 0 || !supportsModelExtraction(ifaceType) {
+		h.forwardPassthrough(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, ifaceType, isStream)
+		return
+	}
+
+	unifiedID, err := clientAdapter.ExtractModelName(body, ifaceType)
 	if err != nil {
-		// GET 请求或无法提取 model 时，直接转发到上游
-		if len(body) == 0 || modelName == "" {
-			h.forwardPassthrough(c, inSpec, clientProtocol)
+		if isInvalidJSONError(err) {
+			h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "INVALID_JSON", "请求体 JSON 格式错误")
 			return
 		}
-		h.writeError(c, err, clientProtocol)
+		h.forwardPassthrough(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, ifaceType, isStream)
+		return
+	}
+
+	providerID, modelName, err := modelid.ParseUnifiedModelID(unifiedID)
+	if err != nil {
+		// 原始模型名兼容透传：非统一模型 ID 不参与路由。
+		h.forwardPassthrough(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, ifaceType, isStream)
+		return
+	}
+	if providerID == "" || modelName == "" {
+		h.forwardPassthrough(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, ifaceType, isStream)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 路由
+	routeResult, err := h.routingService.RouteByModelName(providerID, modelName)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeRouteError(c, err)
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -94,28 +146,53 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) HandleProxy(c *gin.Context) {
 	}
 
 	// 构建 TargetProvider
+	// 注意：ModelName 字段用于 Smart Passthrough 场景改写请求体
+	// 同协议：请求体中的统一 ID 会被改写为 ModelName（上游名）
+	// 跨协议：全量转换时 ModelName 会被编码到请求体中
 	targetProvider := conversion.NewTargetProvider(
 		routeResult.Provider.BaseURL,
 		routeResult.Provider.APIKey,
-		routeResult.Model.ModelName,
+		routeResult.Model.ModelName, // 上游模型名，用于请求改写
 	)
 
-	// 判断是否流式
-	isStream := h.isStreamRequest(body, clientProtocol, nativePath)
+	// 计算统一模型 ID（用于响应覆写）
+	unifiedModelID := routeResult.Model.UnifiedModelID()
 
 	if isStream {
-		h.handleStream(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, targetProvider, routeResult)
+		h.handleStream(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, targetProvider, routeResult, unifiedModelID, ifaceType)
 	} else {
-		h.handleNonStream(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, targetProvider, routeResult)
+		h.handleNonStream(c, inSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, targetProvider, routeResult, unifiedModelID, ifaceType)
 	}
 }
 
+func supportsModelExtraction(ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) bool {
+	switch ifaceType {
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings, conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank:
+		return true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+func isInvalidJSONError(err error) bool {
+	var syntaxErr *json.SyntaxError
+	var typeErr *json.UnmarshalTypeError
+	return errors.As(err, &syntaxErr) || errors.As(err, &typeErr)
+}
+
+func appendRawQuery(path, rawQuery string) string {
+	if rawQuery == "" {
+		return path
+	}
+	return path + "?" + rawQuery
+}
+
 // handleNonStream 处理非流式请求
-func (h *ProxyHandler) handleNonStream(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, targetProvider *conversion.TargetProvider, routeResult *domain.RouteResult) {
+func (h *ProxyHandler) handleNonStream(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, targetProvider *conversion.TargetProvider, routeResult *domain.RouteResult, unifiedModelID string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) {
 	// 转换请求
 	outSpec, err := h.engine.ConvertHttpRequest(inSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, targetProvider)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.logger.Error("转换请求失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		h.logger.Error("转换请求失败", zap.Error(err))
 		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
 		return
 	}
@@ -123,37 +200,32 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) handleNonStream(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPReq
 	// 发送请求
 	resp, err := h.client.Send(c.Request.Context(), *outSpec)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.logger.Error("发送请求失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
-		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
+		h.logger.Error("发送请求失败", zap.Error(err))
+		h.writeUpstreamUnavailable(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		h.writeUpstreamResponse(c, *resp)
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 转换响应
-	interfaceType, _ := h.engine.DetectInterfaceType(inSpec.URL, clientProtocol)
-	convertedResp, err := h.engine.ConvertHttpResponse(*resp, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, interfaceType)
+	// 转换响应，传入 modelOverride（跨协议场景覆写 model 字段）
+	convertedResp, err := h.engine.ConvertHttpResponse(*resp, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, ifaceType, unifiedModelID)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.logger.Error("转换响应失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		h.logger.Error("转换响应失败", zap.Error(err))
 		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 设置响应头
-	for k, v := range convertedResp.Headers {
-		c.Header(k, v)
-	}
-	if c.GetHeader("Content-Type") == "" {
-		c.Header("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	}
-
-	c.Data(convertedResp.StatusCode, "application/json", convertedResp.Body)
+	h.writeConvertedResponse(c, *convertedResp)
 
 	go func() {
-		_ = h.statsService.Record(routeResult.Provider.ID, routeResult.Model.ModelName)
+		_ = h.statsService.Record(routeResult.Provider.ID, routeResult.Model.ModelName) //nolint:errcheck // fire-and-forget 统计记录不阻塞请求
 	}()
 }
 
 // handleStream 处理流式请求
-func (h *ProxyHandler) handleStream(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, targetProvider *conversion.TargetProvider, routeResult *domain.RouteResult) {
+func (h *ProxyHandler) handleStream(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, targetProvider *conversion.TargetProvider, routeResult *domain.RouteResult, unifiedModelID string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) {
 	// 转换请求
 	outSpec, err := h.engine.ConvertHttpRequest(inSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, targetProvider)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -161,15 +233,23 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) handleStream(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPReques
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 创建流式转换器
-	streamConverter, err := h.engine.CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtocol)
+	// 发送流式请求
+	streamResp, err := h.client.SendStream(c.Request.Context(), *outSpec)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
+		h.writeUpstreamUnavailable(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if streamResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || streamResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		h.writeUpstreamResponse(c, conversion.HTTPResponseSpec{
+			StatusCode: streamResp.StatusCode,
+			Headers:    streamResp.Headers,
+			Body:       streamResp.Body,
+		})
 		return
 	}
 
-	// 发送流式请求
-	eventChan, err := h.client.SendStream(c.Request.Context(), *outSpec)
+	// 创建流式转换器，传入 modelOverride（跨协议场景覆写 model 字段）
+	streamConverter, err := h.engine.CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtocol, unifiedModelID, ifaceType)
 	if err != nil {
 		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
 		return
@@ -180,37 +260,61 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) handleStream(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPReques
 	c.Header("Connection", "keep-alive")
 
 	writer := bufio.NewWriter(c.Writer)
+	flushed := false
 
-	for event := range eventChan {
+	for event := range streamResp.Events {
 		if event.Error != nil {
-			h.logger.Error("流读取错误", zap.String("error", event.Error.Error()))
+			h.logger.Error("流读取错误", zap.Error(event.Error))
 			break
 		}
 		if event.Done {
 			// flush 转换器
 			chunks := streamConverter.Flush()
-			for _, chunk := range chunks {
-				writer.Write(chunk)
-				writer.Flush()
+			if err := h.writeStreamChunks(writer, chunks); err != nil {
+				h.logger.Warn("流式响应写回失败", zap.Error(err))
 			}
+			flushed = true
 			break
 		}
 
 		chunks := streamConverter.ProcessChunk(event.Data)
-		for _, chunk := range chunks {
-			writer.Write(chunk)
-			writer.Flush()
+		if err := h.writeStreamChunks(writer, chunks); err != nil {
+			h.logger.Warn("流式响应写回失败", zap.Error(err))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !flushed {
+		chunks := streamConverter.Flush()
+		if err := h.writeStreamChunks(writer, chunks); err != nil {
+			h.logger.Warn("流式响应写回失败", zap.Error(err))
 		}
 	}
 
 	go func() {
-		_ = h.statsService.Record(routeResult.Provider.ID, routeResult.Model.ModelName)
+		_ = h.statsService.Record(routeResult.Provider.ID, routeResult.Model.ModelName) //nolint:errcheck // fire-and-forget 统计记录不阻塞请求
 	}()
 }
 
+func (h *ProxyHandler) writeStreamChunks(writer *bufio.Writer, chunks [][]byte) error {
+	for _, chunk := range chunks {
+		if _, err := writer.Write(chunk); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		if err := writer.Flush(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // isStreamRequest 判断是否流式请求
 func (h *ProxyHandler) isStreamRequest(body []byte, clientProtocol, nativePath string) bool {
-	ifaceType, _ := h.engine.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath, clientProtocol)
+	ifaceType, err := h.engine.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath, clientProtocol)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
 	if ifaceType != conversion.InterfaceTypeChat {
 		return false
 	}
@@ -224,34 +328,166 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) isStreamRequest(body []byte, clientProtocol, nativePath s
 	return req.Stream
 }
 
-// writeConversionError 写入转换错误
-func (h *ProxyHandler) writeConversionError(c *gin.Context, err error, clientProtocol string) {
-	if convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError); ok {
-		body, statusCode, _ := h.engine.EncodeError(convErr, clientProtocol)
-		c.Data(statusCode, "application/json", body)
+// handleModelsList 处理 GET /v1/models 本地聚合
+func (h *ProxyHandler) handleModelsList(c *gin.Context, adapter conversion.ProtocolAdapter) {
+	// 从数据库查询所有启用的模型
+	models, err := h.providerService.ListEnabledModels()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.logger.Error("查询启用模型失败", zap.Error(err))
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "CONVERSION_FAILED", "查询模型失败")
 		return
 	}
-	c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+
+	// 构建 CanonicalModelList
+	modelList := &canonical.CanonicalModelList{
+		Models: make([]canonical.CanonicalModel, 0, len(models)),
+	}
+
+	for _, m := range models {
+		modelList.Models = append(modelList.Models, canonical.CanonicalModel{
+			ID:      m.UnifiedModelID(),
+			Name:    m.ModelName,
+			Created: m.CreatedAt.Unix(),
+			OwnedBy: m.ProviderID,
+		})
+	}
+
+	// 使用 adapter 编码返回
+	body, err := adapter.EncodeModelsResponse(modelList)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.logger.Error("编码 Models 响应失败", zap.Error(err))
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "CONVERSION_FAILED", "编码响应失败")
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json", body)
 }
 
-// writeError 写入路由错误
-func (h *ProxyHandler) writeError(c *gin.Context, err error, clientProtocol string) {
-	c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": err.Error()})
+// handleModelInfo 处理 GET /v1/models/{unified_id} 本地查询
+func (h *ProxyHandler) handleModelInfo(c *gin.Context, unifiedID string, adapter conversion.ProtocolAdapter) {
+	// 解析统一模型 ID
+	providerID, modelName, err := modelid.ParseUnifiedModelID(unifiedID)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusBadRequest, "INVALID_MODEL_ID", "无效的统一模型 ID 格式")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 从数据库查询模型
+	model, err := h.providerService.GetModelByProviderAndName(providerID, modelName)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusNotFound, "MODEL_NOT_FOUND", "模型未找到")
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 构建 CanonicalModelInfo
+	modelInfo := &canonical.CanonicalModelInfo{
+		ID:      model.UnifiedModelID(),
+		Name:    model.ModelName,
+		Created: model.CreatedAt.Unix(),
+		OwnedBy: model.ProviderID,
+	}
+
+	// 使用 adapter 编码返回
+	body, err := adapter.EncodeModelInfoResponse(modelInfo)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.logger.Error("编码 ModelInfo 响应失败", zap.Error(err))
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "CONVERSION_FAILED", "编码响应失败")
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Data(http.StatusOK, "application/json", body)
+}
+
+// writeConversionError 写入网关层转换错误
+func (h *ProxyHandler) writeConversionError(c *gin.Context, err error, clientProtocol string) {
+	var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+	if errors.As(err, &convErr) {
+		statusCode, code, message := mapConversionError(convErr)
+		h.writeProxyError(c, statusCode, code, message)
+		return
+	}
+	h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusInternalServerError, "CONVERSION_FAILED", err.Error())
+}
+
+func mapConversionError(err *conversion.ConversionError) (int, string, string) {
+	switch err.Code {
+	case conversion.ErrorCodeJSONParseError:
+		if phase, ok := err.Details[conversion.ErrorDetailPhase].(string); ok && phase == conversion.ErrorPhaseRequest {
+			return http.StatusBadRequest, "INVALID_JSON", "请求体 JSON 格式错误"
+		}
+		return http.StatusInternalServerError, "CONVERSION_FAILED", err.Message
+	case conversion.ErrorCodeInvalidInput,
+		conversion.ErrorCodeMissingRequiredField,
+		conversion.ErrorCodeProtocolConstraint:
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "INVALID_REQUEST", err.Message
+	case conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported:
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "UNSUPPORTED_INTERFACE", err.Message
+	case conversion.ErrorCodeUnsupportedMultimodal:
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "UNSUPPORTED_MULTIMODAL", err.Message
+	default:
+		return http.StatusInternalServerError, "CONVERSION_FAILED", err.Message
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *ProxyHandler) writeRouteError(c *gin.Context, err error) {
+	if appErr, ok := appErrors.AsAppError(err); ok {
+		switch appErr.Code {
+		case appErrors.ErrModelNotFound.Code, appErrors.ErrModelDisabled.Code:
+			h.writeProxyError(c, appErr.HTTPStatus, "MODEL_NOT_FOUND", appErr.Message)
+		case appErrors.ErrProviderNotFound.Code, appErrors.ErrProviderDisabled.Code:
+			h.writeProxyError(c, appErr.HTTPStatus, "PROVIDER_NOT_FOUND", appErr.Message)
+		default:
+			h.writeProxyError(c, appErr.HTTPStatus, "INVALID_REQUEST", appErr.Message)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusNotFound, "MODEL_NOT_FOUND", err.Error())
+}
+
+func (h *ProxyHandler) writeUpstreamUnavailable(c *gin.Context, err error) {
+	h.logger.Error("上游不可达", zap.Error(err))
+	h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusBadGateway, "UPSTREAM_UNAVAILABLE", "上游服务不可达")
+}
+
+func (h *ProxyHandler) writeProxyError(c *gin.Context, status int, code, message string) {
+	c.JSON(status, gin.H{
+		"error": message,
+		"code":  code,
+	})
+}
+
+func (h *ProxyHandler) writeConvertedResponse(c *gin.Context, resp conversion.HTTPResponseSpec) {
+	for k, v := range resp.Headers {
+		c.Header(k, v)
+	}
+	contentType := headerValue(resp.Headers, "Content-Type")
+	if contentType == "" {
+		contentType = "application/json"
+	}
+	c.Data(resp.StatusCode, contentType, resp.Body)
+}
+
+func (h *ProxyHandler) writeUpstreamResponse(c *gin.Context, resp conversion.HTTPResponseSpec) {
+	for k, v := range filterHopByHopHeaders(resp.Headers) {
+		c.Header(k, v)
+	}
+	contentType := headerValue(resp.Headers, "Content-Type")
+	c.Data(resp.StatusCode, contentType, resp.Body)
 }
 
 // forwardPassthrough 直接转发请求到上游（用于 GET 等无 model 的请求）
-func (h *ProxyHandler) forwardPassthrough(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol string) {
+func (h *ProxyHandler) forwardPassthrough(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType, isStream bool) {
 	registry := h.engine.GetRegistry()
 	adapter, err := registry.Get(clientProtocol)
 	if err != nil {
-		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "不支持的协议: " + clientProtocol})
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusNotFound, "UNSUPPORTED_INTERFACE", "不支持的协议: "+clientProtocol)
 		return
 	}
 
 	providers, err := h.providerService.List()
 	if err != nil || len(providers) == 0 {
-		h.logger.Warn("无可用供应商转发 GET 请求", zap.String("path", inSpec.URL))
-		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "没有可用的供应商。请先创建供应商和模型。"})
+		h.logger.Warn("无可用供应商转发请求", zap.String("path", inSpec.URL))
+		h.writeProxyError(c, http.StatusNotFound, "PROVIDER_NOT_FOUND", "没有可用的供应商。请先创建供应商和模型。")
 		return
 	}
 
@@ -261,19 +497,18 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) forwardPassthrough(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTP
 		providerProtocol = "openai"
 	}
 
-	ifaceType := adapter.DetectInterfaceType(inSpec.URL)
-
 	targetProvider := conversion.NewTargetProvider(p.BaseURL, p.APIKey, "")
 
 	var outSpec *conversion.HTTPRequestSpec
 	if clientProtocol == providerProtocol {
-		upstreamURL := p.BaseURL + inSpec.URL
+		upstreamPath := adapter.BuildUrl(stripRawQuery(inSpec.URL), ifaceType)
+		upstreamPath = appendRawQuery(upstreamPath, rawQueryFromPath(inSpec.URL))
 		headers := adapter.BuildHeaders(targetProvider)
 		if _, ok := headers["Content-Type"]; !ok {
 			headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json"
 		}
 		outSpec = &conversion.HTTPRequestSpec{
-			URL:     upstreamURL,
+			URL:     joinBaseURL(p.BaseURL, upstreamPath),
 			Method:  inSpec.Method,
 			Headers: headers,
 			Body:    inSpec.Body,
@@ -286,36 +521,132 @@ func (h *ProxyHandler) forwardPassthrough(c *gin.Context, inSpec conversion.HTTP
 		}
 	}
 
+	if isStream {
+		h.forwardStream(c, *outSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, ifaceType)
+		return
+	}
+
 	resp, err := h.client.Send(c.Request.Context(), *outSpec)
 	if err != nil {
-		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
+		h.writeUpstreamUnavailable(c, err)
+		return
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		h.writeUpstreamResponse(c, *resp)
 		return
 	}
 
-	convertedResp, err := h.engine.ConvertHttpResponse(*resp, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, ifaceType)
+	convertedResp, err := h.engine.ConvertHttpResponse(*resp, clientProtocol, providerProtocol, ifaceType, "")
 	if err != nil {
 		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
 		return
 	}
 
-	for k, v := range convertedResp.Headers {
-		c.Header(k, v)
-	}
-	if c.GetHeader("Content-Type") == "" {
-		c.Header("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	}
-	c.Data(convertedResp.StatusCode, "application/json", convertedResp.Body)
+	h.writeConvertedResponse(c, *convertedResp)
 }
 
-// extractModelName 从 JSON body 中提取 model
-func extractModelName(body []byte) string {
-	var req struct {
-		Model string `json:"model"`
+func (h *ProxyHandler) forwardStream(c *gin.Context, outSpec conversion.HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType) {
+	streamResp, err := h.client.SendStream(c.Request.Context(), outSpec)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeUpstreamUnavailable(c, err)
+		return
 	}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &req); err != nil {
+	if streamResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || streamResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
+		h.writeUpstreamResponse(c, conversion.HTTPResponseSpec{
+			StatusCode: streamResp.StatusCode,
+			Headers:    streamResp.Headers,
+			Body:       streamResp.Body,
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	streamConverter, err := h.engine.CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtocol, "", ifaceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		h.writeConversionError(c, err, clientProtocol)
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
+	c.Header("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
+	c.Header("Connection", "keep-alive")
+
+	writer := bufio.NewWriter(c.Writer)
+	flushed := false
+	for event := range streamResp.Events {
+		if event.Error != nil {
+			h.logger.Error("透传流读取错误", zap.Error(event.Error))
+			break
+		}
+		if event.Done {
+			chunks := streamConverter.Flush()
+			if err := h.writeStreamChunks(writer, chunks); err != nil {
+				h.logger.Warn("透传流式响应写回失败", zap.Error(err))
+			}
+			flushed = true
+			break
+		}
+		chunks := streamConverter.ProcessChunk(event.Data)
+		if err := h.writeStreamChunks(writer, chunks); err != nil {
+			h.logger.Warn("透传流式响应写回失败", zap.Error(err))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !flushed {
+		chunks := streamConverter.Flush()
+		if err := h.writeStreamChunks(writer, chunks); err != nil {
+			h.logger.Warn("透传流式响应写回失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func stripRawQuery(path string) string {
+	pathOnly, _, _ := strings.Cut(path, "?")
+	return pathOnly
+}
+
+func rawQueryFromPath(path string) string {
+	_, rawQuery, found := strings.Cut(path, "?")
+	if !found {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return req.Model
+	return rawQuery
+}
+
+func joinBaseURL(baseURL, path string) string {
+	return strings.TrimRight(baseURL, "/") + "/" + strings.TrimLeft(path, "/")
+}
+
+func headerValue(headers map[string]string, key string) string {
+	for k, v := range headers {
+		if strings.EqualFold(k, key) {
+			return v
+		}
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+func filterHopByHopHeaders(headers map[string]string) map[string]string {
+	if len(headers) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	hopByHop := map[string]struct{}{
+		"connection":          {},
+		"transfer-encoding":   {},
+		"keep-alive":          {},
+		"proxy-authenticate":  {},
+		"proxy-authorization": {},
+		"te":                  {},
+		"trailer":             {},
+		"upgrade":             {},
+	}
+	filtered := make(map[string]string, len(headers))
+	for k, v := range headers {
+		if _, skip := hopByHop[strings.ToLower(k)]; skip {
+			continue
+		}
+		filtered[k] = v
+	}
+	return filtered
 }
 
 // extractHeaders 从 Gin context 提取请求头