feat: 增强桌面启动失败提示与测试覆盖

前端 Select 使用 Go time.Duration.String() 标准字符串作为 value，
与后端查询/保存响应保持一致，解决保存后反显不匹配的问题。

.claude/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "mcpServers": {
+    "tdesign-mcp-server": {
+      "command": "bunx",
+      "args": ["tdesign-mcp-server@latest"]
+    }
+  }
+}

.editorconfig

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+root = true
+
+[*]
+end_of_line = lf
+trim_trailing_whitespace = true
+insert_final_newline = true
+charset = utf-8

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+* text=auto eol=lf
+assets/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/**/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/*.icns filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/**/*.icns filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/*.ico filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+assets/**/*.ico filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+frontend/public/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text
+frontend/public/**/*.png filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+name: CI
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [dev, master]
+  pull_request:
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: Check
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/test.yml

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,313 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+  push:
+    tags:
+      - 'v*.*.*'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  prepare:
+    name: Prepare Release
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    outputs:
+      version: ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Verify tag and VERSION
+        id: version
+        run: |
+          version=$(go run ./versionctl print)
+          go run ./versionctl verify-tag "${GITHUB_REF_NAME}"
+          printf 'version=%s\n' "$version" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  test-gate:
+    name: Test Gate
+    needs: prepare
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/test.yml
+    with:
+      full: true
+
+  build-web:
+    name: Build Web Asset
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Preflight web release toolchain
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build web release asset
+        run: make release-assets-web
+
+      - name: Upload web release asset
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-web
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  build-linux:
+    name: Build Linux ${{ matrix.arch }} Assets
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            runner: ubuntu-latest
+          - arch: arm64
+            runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Install Linux desktop and package dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y curl file libayatana-appindicator3-dev libgtk-3-dev rpm
+
+      - name: Preflight Linux release toolchain
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          printf 'runner arch: %s\n' "$(uname -m)"
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          command -v gcc
+          gcc --version
+          command -v pkg-config
+          pkg-config --modversion ayatana-appindicator3-0.1
+          pkg-config --modversion gtk+-3.0
+          command -v curl
+          command -v dpkg-deb
+          dpkg-deb --version
+          command -v rpmbuild
+          rpmbuild --version
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build Linux release assets
+        run: make release-assets-linux
+
+      - name: Upload Linux release assets
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-linux-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  build-windows:
+    name: Build Windows ${{ matrix.arch }} Assets
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - arch: amd64
+            runner: windows-latest
+            msystem: MINGW64
+            cc: gcc
+            cxx: g++
+            packages: >-
+              make
+              mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Setup MSYS2 toolchain
+        uses: msys2/setup-msys2@v2
+        with:
+          msystem: ${{ matrix.msystem }}
+          path-type: inherit
+          update: true
+          install: ${{ matrix.packages }}
+
+      - name: Preflight Windows release toolchain
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        env:
+          CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+          CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          command -v make
+          make --version
+          command -v "$CC"
+          "$CC" --version
+          command -v "$CXX"
+          "$CXX" --version
+          command -v windres
+          windres --version
+          if command -v powershell.exe >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+            powershell.exe -NoProfile -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()'
+          else
+            command -v powershell
+            powershell -NoProfile -Command '$PSVersionTable.PSVersion.ToString()'
+          fi
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build Windows release assets
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        env:
+          CC: ${{ matrix.cc }}
+          CXX: ${{ matrix.cxx }}
+        run: make release-assets-windows
+
+      - name: Upload Windows release assets
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-windows-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  build-macos:
+    name: Build macOS Assets
+    needs: [prepare, test-gate]
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Preflight macOS release toolchain
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          printf 'runner arch: %s\n' "$(uname -m)"
+          command -v go
+          go version
+          command -v bun
+          bun --version
+          command -v ditto
+          command -v hdiutil
+          xcrun --find lipo
+          xcrun --find vtool
+          make release-assets-check
+
+      - name: Build macOS release assets
+        run: make release-assets-macos
+
+      - name: Upload macOS release assets
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: release-macos
+          path: build/release/*
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  draft-release:
+    name: Create Draft Release
+    needs: [prepare, build-web, build-linux, build-windows, build-macos]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+
+      - name: Download release assets
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          pattern: release-*
+          merge-multiple: true
+          path: dist
+
+      - name: Generate checksums
+        run: make release-assets-checksums RELEASE_DIR=dist
+
+      - name: Publish draft release
+        uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v2
+        with:
+          name: v${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
+          tag_name: ${{ github.ref_name }}
+          draft: true
+          files: |
+            dist/*

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+name: Test (Full)
+
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      full:
+        description: "Run full test suite including MySQL and E2E"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  check:
+    name: Check (${{ matrix.os }})
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Install Linux system dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        run: sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y libayatana-appindicator3-dev
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Lint
+        run: make lint
+
+      - name: Test
+        run: make test
+
+  mysql:
+    name: MySQL Tests
+    if: inputs.full
+    needs: check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    services:
+      mysql:
+        image: mysql:8.0
+        env:
+          MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: testpass
+          MYSQL_DATABASE: nex_test
+          MYSQL_USER: nex_test
+          MYSQL_PASSWORD: testpass
+        ports:
+          - 13306:3306
+        options: >-
+          --health-cmd="mysqladmin ping -h localhost -u root -ptestpass"
+          --health-interval=3s
+          --health-timeout=5s
+          --health-retries=10
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: MySQL tests
+        run: cd backend && go test -tags=mysql ./tests/mysql/... -v -count=1
+
+  e2e:
+    name: E2E Tests
+    if: inputs.full
+    needs: check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          lfs: true
+
+      - name: Setup Go
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.work
+          cache-dependency-path: |
+            backend/go.sum
+            versionctl/go.sum
+
+      - name: Setup Bun
+        uses: oven-sh/setup-bun@v2
+
+      - name: Install Playwright browsers
+        run: cd frontend && bunx playwright install --with-deps chromium
+
+      - name: E2E tests
+        run: cd frontend && bun run test:e2e

.gitignore

@@ -399,15 +399,21 @@ env/
 cython_debug/
 
 # Custom
-.claude
+.claude/*
+!.claude/settings.json
 .opencode
+.codex
 openspec/changes/archive
 temp
 .agents
 skills-lock.json
 .worktrees
 !scripts/build/
+backend/bin
+backend/server
+backend/desktop
 
 # Embedfs generated
 embedfs/assets/
-embedfs/frontend-dist/
+embedfs/frontend-dist/
+backend/cmd/desktop/rsrc_windows_*.syso

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+{
+    "files.eol": "\n"
+}

LICENSE

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
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Makefile

@@ -1,119 +1,520 @@
-.PHONY: all clean \
-	backend-build backend-run backend-test backend-test-unit backend-test-integration backend-test-coverage \
-	backend-lint backend-deps backend-generate \
-	backend-migrate-up backend-migrate-down backend-migrate-status backend-migrate-create \
-	frontend-build frontend-dev frontend-test frontend-test-watch frontend-test-coverage frontend-test-e2e frontend-lint \
-	desktop desktop-darwin desktop-windows desktop-linux package-macos
+.PHONY: \
+	lint test clean hooks-install hooks-check hooks-test \
+	version-sync version-check version-bump \
+	server-run server-build server-lint server-test server-clean \
+	desktop-build-mac desktop-build-win desktop-build-linux \
+	desktop-lint desktop-test desktop-clean \
+	release-assets-check release-assets-web release-assets-linux release-assets-windows release-assets-macos release-assets-checksums \
+	release-assets-server-linux release-assets-server-windows release-assets-server-macos \
+	release-assets-desktop-linux release-assets-desktop-windows release-assets-desktop-macos \
+	_backend-lint _backend-test _backend-clean _backend-build \
+	_versionctl-lint _versionctl-test \
+	_frontend-install _frontend-build _frontend-check _frontend-test _frontend-dev _frontend-clean \
+	_hooks-pre-commit _check-clean-worktree \
+	_desktop-test _desktop-clean _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs _desktop-prepare-windows-resource \
+	_server-run-backend _server-run-frontend \
+	_check-linux-target-arch _check-windows-target-arch _ensure-appimagetool \
+	_package-linux-tar _package-linux-appimage _package-linux-deb _package-linux-rpm \
+	_package-macos-zip _package-macos-dmg
+
+# Delay shell lookups until a target needs them, then cache the result for this make run.
+lazy_shell = $(or $($(1)),$(eval $(1) := $(shell $(2)))$($(1)))
+
+VERSION = $(call lazy_shell,_VERSION,go run ./versionctl print)
+GIT_COMMIT ?= $(call lazy_shell,_GIT_COMMIT,git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || printf 'unknown')
+BUILD_TIME ?= $(call lazy_shell,_BUILD_TIME,date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+TARGET_ARCH ?= $(call lazy_shell,_TARGET_ARCH,go env GOARCH)
+GO_LDFLAGS = -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.version=$(VERSION) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.commit=$(GIT_COMMIT) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.buildTime=$(BUILD_TIME)
+GO_LDFLAGS_WIN = $(GO_LDFLAGS) -H=windowsgui
+RELEASE_DIR ?= build/release
+LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY = build/nex-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH)
+WINDOWS_DESKTOP_BINARY = build/nex-win-$(TARGET_ARCH).exe
+WINDOWS_SERVER_BINARY = build/nex-server-windows-$(TARGET_ARCH).exe
+WINDRES ?= windres
+
+ifeq ($(TARGET_ARCH),arm64)
+APPIMAGE_ARCH := aarch64
+DEB_ARCH := arm64
+RPM_ARCH := aarch64
+else
+APPIMAGE_ARCH := x86_64
+DEB_ARCH := amd64
+RPM_ARCH := x86_64
+endif
+
+WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_BFD := pe-x86-64
+WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_LLVM := x86_64-w64-mingw32
+WINDOWS_RESOURCE := rsrc_windows_amd64.syso
+
+APPIMAGETOOL_PATH := build/tools/appimagetool-$(APPIMAGE_ARCH).AppImage
+APPIMAGETOOL_URL ?= https://github.com/AppImage/AppImageKit/releases/download/continuous/appimagetool-$(APPIMAGE_ARCH).AppImage
+APPIMAGETOOL ?= $(APPIMAGETOOL_PATH)
 
 # ============================================
-# 后端
+# 全局命令
 # ============================================
 
-all: backend-build
+lint: _backend-lint _frontend-check _versionctl-lint
+	@printf 'Lint complete\n'
 
-backend-build:
-	cd backend && go build -o bin/server ./cmd/server
+test: _backend-test _frontend-test _desktop-test _versionctl-test
+	@printf 'All tests passed\n'
 
-backend-run:
-	cd backend && go run ./cmd/server
-
-backend-test:
-	cd backend && go test ./... -v
-
-backend-test-unit:
-	cd backend && go test ./internal/... ./pkg/... -v
-
-backend-test-integration:
-	cd backend && go test ./tests/... -v
-
-backend-test-coverage:
-	cd backend && go test ./... -coverprofile=coverage.out
-	cd backend && go tool cover -html=coverage.out -o coverage.html
-	@echo "Coverage report generated: backend/coverage.html"
-
-backend-lint:
-	cd backend && go tool golangci-lint run ./...
-
-backend-deps:
-	cd backend && go mod tidy
-
-backend-generate:
-	cd backend && go generate ./...
-
-DB_DRIVER ?= sqlite3
-DB_DSN ?= $(DB_PATH)
-
-backend-migrate-up:
-	cd backend && goose -dir migrations/$(DB_DRIVER) $(DB_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" up
-
-backend-migrate-down:
-	cd backend && goose -dir migrations/$(DB_DRIVER) $(DB_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" down
-
-backend-migrate-status:
-	cd backend && goose -dir migrations/$(DB_DRIVER) $(DB_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" status
-
-backend-migrate-create:
-	@read -p "Migration name: " name; \
-	cd backend && goose -dir migrations/sqlite create $$name sql; \
-	cd backend && goose -dir migrations/mysql create $$name sql
+clean: _backend-clean _frontend-clean _desktop-clean
+	@printf 'Clean complete\n'
 
 # ============================================
-# 前端
+# Git hooks
 # ============================================
 
-frontend-build:
-	cd frontend && bun install && bun run build
+hooks-install:
+	@hooks_dir=$$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks); \
+	mkdir -p "$$hooks_dir"; \
+	for hook in pre-commit commit-msg prepare-commit-msg; do \
+		src="scripts/git-hooks/$$hook"; \
+		if [ ! -f "$$src" ]; then \
+			printf 'ERROR: source hook not found: %s\n' "$$src" >&2; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+		cp "$$src" "$$hooks_dir/$$hook"; \
+		chmod +x "$$hooks_dir/$$hook"; \
+	done; \
+	printf 'Installed Git hooks to %s\n' "$$hooks_dir"
 
-frontend-dev:
-	cd frontend && bun dev
+hooks-check:
+	@hooks_dir=$$(git rev-parse --git-path hooks); \
+	status=0; \
+	for hook in pre-commit commit-msg prepare-commit-msg; do \
+		if [ -x "$$hooks_dir/$$hook" ]; then \
+			printf 'OK: %s\n' "$$hook"; \
+		else \
+			printf 'MISSING: %s (%s/%s)\n' "$$hook" "$$hooks_dir" "$$hook"; \
+			status=1; \
+		fi; \
+	done; \
+	exit $$status
 
-frontend-test:
-	cd frontend && bun run test
+hooks-test:
+	@scripts/git-hooks/test-hooks.sh
 
-frontend-test-watch:
-	cd frontend && bun run test:watch
-
-frontend-test-coverage:
-	cd frontend && bun run test:coverage
-
-frontend-test-e2e:
-	cd frontend && bun run test:e2e
-
-frontend-lint:
-	cd frontend && bun run lint
+_hooks-pre-commit:
+	@set -ef; \
+	staged_files=$$(git diff --cached --name-only --diff-filter=ACM); \
+	if [ -z "$$staged_files" ]; then \
+		printf 'No staged files to check\n'; \
+		exit 0; \
+	fi; \
+	run_backend_lint=; \
+	run_versionctl_lint=; \
+	run_frontend_check=; \
+	lfs_patterns=$$(grep 'filter=lfs' .gitattributes 2>/dev/null | awk '{print $$1}' || true); \
+	for file in $$staged_files; do \
+		[ -n "$$file" ] || continue; \
+		if git show ":$$file" 2>/dev/null | grep -Eq '^(<<<<<<<|=======|>>>>>>>)'; then \
+			printf 'Found conflict markers in staged file: %s\n' "$$file" >&2; \
+			printf 'Resolve conflict markers before committing.\n' >&2; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+		size=$$(git cat-file -s ":$$file" 2>/dev/null || printf '0'); \
+		if [ "$$size" -gt 512000 ] 2>/dev/null; then \
+			if git show ":$$file" 2>/dev/null | LC_ALL=C grep -Iq .; then \
+				printf 'Warning: large staged text file (%s bytes): %s\n' "$$size" "$$file" >&2; \
+			fi; \
+		fi; \
+		if [ -n "$$lfs_patterns" ]; then \
+			for lfs_pat in $$lfs_patterns; do \
+				case "$$file" in $$lfs_pat) \
+					content=$$(git show ":$$file" 2>/dev/null | head -1); \
+					case "$$content" in \
+						"version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1"*) ;; \
+						*) \
+							printf 'LFS-tracked file not using LFS pointer: %s\n' "$$file" >&2; \
+							printf 'Run "git lfs install" and re-add this file.\n' >&2; \
+							exit 1; \
+							;; \
+					esac; \
+					break; \
+					;; \
+				esac; \
+			done; \
+		fi; \
+		case "$$file" in \
+			backend/*.go) run_backend_lint=1 ;; \
+			versionctl/*.go) run_versionctl_lint=1 ;; \
+			frontend/*.ts|frontend/*.tsx|frontend/*.scss) run_frontend_check=1 ;; \
+		esac; \
+	done; \
+	if [ -n "$$run_backend_lint" ]; then \
+		printf 'Running backend lint...\n'; \
+		$(MAKE) _backend-lint; \
+	fi; \
+	if [ -n "$$run_versionctl_lint" ]; then \
+		printf 'Running versionctl lint...\n'; \
+		$(MAKE) _versionctl-lint; \
+	fi; \
+	if [ -n "$$run_frontend_check" ]; then \
+		printf 'Running frontend check...\n'; \
+		$(MAKE) _frontend-check; \
+	fi; \
+	printf 'Pre-commit checks passed\n'
 
 # ============================================
-# 桌面应用
+# 版本管理
 # ============================================
 
-desktop: frontend-build-desktop embedfs-prepare
-	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 go build -o ../build/nex ./cmd/desktop
+version-sync:
+	go run ./versionctl sync
 
-frontend-build-desktop:
-	cd frontend && cp .env.desktop .env.production.local && bun install && bun run build && rm -f .env.production.local
+version-check:
+	go run ./versionctl check
 
-embedfs-prepare:
+version-bump: BUMP ?= patch
+version-bump: lint test _check-clean-worktree
+	@set -e; \
+	bump_arg="$(if $(SET_VERSION),$(SET_VERSION),$(BUMP))"; \
+	new_version=$$(go run ./versionctl bump "$$bump_arg"); \
+	git add VERSION frontend/; \
+	git commit -m "chore: 版本升迁 v$$new_version"; \
+	git tag "v$$new_version"; \
+	printf '版本升迁完成: v%s\n' "$$new_version"
+
+_check-clean-worktree:
+	@if [ -n "$$(git status --porcelain)" ]; then \
+		printf '工作区不干净，请先提交或清理改动后再执行版本升迁。\n' >&2; \
+		git status --short; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+# ============================================
+# Server 模式
+# ============================================
+
+server-run:
+	@$(MAKE) -j2 _server-run-backend _server-run-frontend
+
+server-build: version-check _backend-build _frontend-build
+	@printf 'Server build complete\n'
+
+server-lint: _backend-lint _frontend-check
+	@printf 'Server lint complete\n'
+
+server-test: _backend-test _frontend-test
+	@printf 'Server tests passed\n'
+
+server-clean: _backend-clean _frontend-clean
+	@printf 'Server artifacts cleaned\n'
+
+_server-run-backend:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend run
+
+_server-run-frontend: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run dev
+
+# ============================================
+# Desktop 模式
+# ============================================
+
+desktop-build-mac: version-check _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs
+	@printf 'Building macOS desktop...\n'
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-mac-arm64 ./cmd/desktop
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-mac-amd64 ./cmd/desktop
+	lipo -create build/nex-mac-arm64 build/nex-mac-amd64 -output build/nex-mac-universal
+	lipo -info build/nex-mac-universal | grep -q 'x86_64 arm64'
+	rm -f build/nex-mac-arm64 build/nex-mac-amd64
+	@printf 'Packaging macOS app bundle...\n'
+	rm -rf build/Nex.app
+	mkdir -p build/Nex.app/Contents/MacOS build/Nex.app/Contents/Resources
+	cp build/nex-mac-universal build/Nex.app/Contents/MacOS/nex
+	@if [ -f assets/icon.icns ]; then \
+		cp assets/icon.icns build/Nex.app/Contents/Resources/; \
+	else \
+		printf 'Missing assets/icon.icns\n'; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+	@MIN_MACOS_VERSION=$$(vtool -show-build build/nex-mac-universal | awk '/minos / {print $$2; exit}'); \
+	if [ -z "$$MIN_MACOS_VERSION" ]; then \
+		printf 'Unable to read macOS minimum version\n'; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi; \
+	go run ./versionctl macos-plist "$$MIN_MACOS_VERSION" > build/Nex.app/Contents/Info.plist
+	chmod +x build/Nex.app/Contents/MacOS/nex
+	@printf 'macOS desktop build complete\n'
+
+desktop-build-win: version-check _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs _desktop-prepare-windows-resource _check-windows-target-arch
+	@printf 'Building Windows desktop $(TARGET_ARCH)...\n'
+	mkdir -p build
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS_WIN)" -o ../$(WINDOWS_DESKTOP_BINARY) ./cmd/desktop
+	@printf 'Windows desktop build complete\n'
+
+desktop-build-linux: version-check _desktop-prepare-frontend _desktop-prepare-embedfs _check-linux-target-arch
+	@printf 'Building Linux desktop $(TARGET_ARCH)...\n'
+	mkdir -p build
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../$(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY) ./cmd/desktop
+	@printf 'Linux desktop build complete\n'
+
+desktop-lint: _backend-lint _frontend-check
+	@printf 'Desktop lint complete\n'
+
+desktop-test: _desktop-test
+	@printf 'Desktop tests passed\n'
+
+desktop-clean: _desktop-clean
+	@printf 'Desktop artifacts cleaned\n'
+
+_desktop-test:
+	cd backend && go test ./cmd/desktop/... -v
+
+_desktop-clean:
+	rm -rf build/ embedfs/assets embedfs/frontend-dist backend/cmd/desktop/rsrc_windows_amd64.syso
+
+_desktop-prepare-frontend: _frontend-install
+	@printf 'Preparing frontend for desktop...\n'
+	cd frontend && cp .env.desktop .env.production.local
+	cd frontend && bun run build
+	rm -f frontend/.env.production.local
+
+_desktop-prepare-embedfs:
+	@printf 'Preparing embedded filesystem...\n'
 	rm -rf embedfs/assets embedfs/frontend-dist
 	cp -r assets embedfs/assets
 	cp -r frontend/dist embedfs/frontend-dist
 
-desktop-darwin: frontend-build-desktop embedfs-prepare
-	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 go build -o ../build/nex-darwin-arm64 ./cmd/desktop
-	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build -o ../build/nex-darwin-amd64 ./cmd/desktop
-
-desktop-windows: frontend-build-desktop embedfs-prepare
-	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "-H=windowsgui" -o ../build/nex-windows-amd64.exe ./cmd/desktop
-
-desktop-linux: frontend-build-desktop embedfs-prepare
-	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build -o ../build/nex-linux-amd64 ./cmd/desktop
-
-package-macos:
-	./scripts/build/package-macos.sh
+_desktop-prepare-windows-resource: _check-windows-target-arch
+	@printf 'Preparing Windows $(TARGET_ARCH) executable icon...\n'
+	@WINDRES_CMD="$(WINDRES)"; \
+	WINDRES_FMT="$(WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_BFD)"; \
+	if command -v llvm-windres >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+		WINDRES_CMD=llvm-windres; \
+		WINDRES_FMT="$(WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_LLVM)"; \
+	elif "$$WINDRES_CMD" --version 2>&1 | grep -qi LLVM; then \
+		WINDRES_FMT="$(WINDOWS_WINDRES_FORMAT_LLVM)"; \
+	fi; \
+	command -v "$$WINDRES_CMD" >/dev/null 2>&1 || { printf 'Missing windres tool: %s\n' "$$WINDRES_CMD"; exit 1; }; \
+	cd backend/cmd/desktop && "$$WINDRES_CMD" -O coff -F "$$WINDRES_FMT" -i icon_windows.rc -o $(WINDOWS_RESOURCE)
 
 # ============================================
-# 清理
+# 发布资产
 # ============================================
 
-clean:
-	rm -rf backend/bin/ backend/coverage.out backend/coverage.html
-	rm -rf build/
+release-assets-check:
+	go run ./versionctl release-assets-check
+	@printf 'Release assets check passed\n'
+
+release-assets-web: version-check release-assets-check _frontend-build
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name web tar.gz); \
+	tar -C frontend -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" dist
+
+release-assets-linux: version-check release-assets-check _check-linux-target-arch
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-server-linux TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-desktop-linux TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+
+release-assets-windows: version-check release-assets-check _check-windows-target-arch
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-server-windows TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-desktop-windows TARGET_ARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+
+release-assets-macos: version-check release-assets-check
+	rm -rf "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-server-macos RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	@$(MAKE) release-assets-desktop-macos RELEASE_DIR="$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+
+release-assets-server-linux: version-check _check-linux-target-arch
+	mkdir -p build "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=linux GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-server-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH) ./cmd/server
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server linux $(TARGET_ARCH) tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH)
+
+release-assets-server-windows: version-check _check-windows-target-arch
+	mkdir -p build "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=windows GOARCH=$(TARGET_ARCH) go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../$(WINDOWS_SERVER_BINARY) ./cmd/server
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server windows $(TARGET_ARCH) zip); \
+	if command -v powershell.exe >/dev/null 2>&1; then POWERSHELL=powershell.exe; else POWERSHELL=powershell; fi; \
+	"$$POWERSHELL" -NoProfile -Command "Compress-Archive -LiteralPath '$(WINDOWS_SERVER_BINARY)' -DestinationPath '$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset' -Force"
+
+release-assets-server-macos: version-check
+	mkdir -p build "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=amd64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-server-macos-amd64 ./cmd/server
+	cd backend && CGO_ENABLED=1 GOOS=darwin GOARCH=arm64 go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o ../build/nex-server-macos-arm64 ./cmd/server
+	lipo -create build/nex-server-macos-amd64 build/nex-server-macos-arm64 -output build/nex-server-macos-universal
+	lipo -info build/nex-server-macos-universal | grep -q 'x86_64 arm64'
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server macos amd64 tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-macos-amd64
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server macos arm64 tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-macos-arm64
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name server macos universal tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-server-macos-universal
+	rm -f build/nex-server-macos-amd64 build/nex-server-macos-arm64 build/nex-server-macos-universal
+
+release-assets-desktop-linux: version-check release-assets-check desktop-build-linux _package-linux-tar _package-linux-appimage _package-linux-deb _package-linux-rpm
+
+release-assets-desktop-windows: version-check release-assets-check desktop-build-win
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop windows $(TARGET_ARCH) zip); \
+	if command -v powershell.exe >/dev/null 2>&1; then POWERSHELL=powershell.exe; else POWERSHELL=powershell; fi; \
+	"$$POWERSHELL" -NoProfile -Command "Compress-Archive -LiteralPath '$(WINDOWS_DESKTOP_BINARY)' -DestinationPath '$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset' -Force"
+
+release-assets-desktop-macos: version-check release-assets-check desktop-build-mac _package-macos-zip _package-macos-dmg
+	rm -rf build/Nex.app build/dmg
+
+release-assets-checksums:
+	@cd "$(RELEASE_DIR)" && \
+	rm -f SHA256SUMS && \
+	for asset in *; do \
+		[ -f "$$asset" ] || continue; \
+		if command -v sha256sum >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+			sha256sum "$$asset"; \
+		elif command -v shasum >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+			shasum -a 256 "$$asset"; \
+		else \
+			printf 'Missing sha256sum or shasum\n' >&2; \
+			exit 1; \
+		fi; \
+	done > SHA256SUMS && \
+	test -s SHA256SUMS
+
+_check-linux-target-arch:
+	@if [ "$(TARGET_ARCH)" != "amd64" ] && [ "$(TARGET_ARCH)" != "arm64" ]; then \
+		printf 'Unsupported Linux TARGET_ARCH: %s\n' "$(TARGET_ARCH)"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+_check-windows-target-arch:
+	@if [ "$(TARGET_ARCH)" != "amd64" ]; then \
+		printf 'Unsupported Windows TARGET_ARCH: %s\n' "$(TARGET_ARCH)"; \
+		exit 1; \
+	fi
+
+_ensure-appimagetool:
+	@mkdir -p build/tools
+	@if [ ! -x "$(APPIMAGETOOL)" ]; then \
+		printf 'Downloading appimagetool for %s...\n' "$(APPIMAGE_ARCH)"; \
+		command -v curl >/dev/null 2>&1 || { printf 'Missing curl for appimagetool download\n'; exit 1; }; \
+		curl -L "$(APPIMAGETOOL_URL)" -o "$(APPIMAGETOOL)"; \
+		chmod +x "$(APPIMAGETOOL)"; \
+	fi; \
+	printf 'Using appimagetool: %s\n' "$(APPIMAGETOOL)"
+
+_package-linux-tar:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) tar.gz); \
+	tar -C build -czf "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" nex-linux-$(TARGET_ARCH)
+
+_package-linux-appimage: _ensure-appimagetool
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	appdir="build/appimage/nex-$(TARGET_ARCH).AppDir"; \
+	rm -rf "$$appdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$appdir/usr/bin" "$$appdir/usr/share/applications" "$$appdir/usr/share/icons"; \
+	install -m 0755 "$(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY)" "$$appdir/usr/bin/nex"; \
+	install -m 0644 packaging/linux/nex.desktop "$$appdir/nex.desktop"; \
+	install -m 0644 packaging/linux/nex.desktop "$$appdir/usr/share/applications/nex.desktop"; \
+	install -m 0755 packaging/linux/AppRun "$$appdir/AppRun"; \
+	cp -R assets/icons/hicolor "$$appdir/usr/share/icons/"; \
+	cp assets/icon.png "$$appdir/nex.png"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) AppImage); \
+	ARCH=$(APPIMAGE_ARCH) APPIMAGE_EXTRACT_AND_RUN=1 "$(APPIMAGETOOL)" "$$appdir" "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	chmod +x "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	test -s "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"
+
+_package-linux-deb:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	pkgdir="build/pkg/deb/nex-$(TARGET_ARCH)"; \
+	rm -rf "$$pkgdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$pkgdir/DEBIAN" "$$pkgdir/usr/bin" "$$pkgdir/usr/share/applications" "$$pkgdir/usr/share/icons"; \
+	install -m 0755 "$(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY)" "$$pkgdir/usr/bin/nex"; \
+	install -m 0644 packaging/linux/nex.desktop "$$pkgdir/usr/share/applications/nex.desktop"; \
+	cp -R assets/icons/hicolor "$$pkgdir/usr/share/icons/"; \
+	printf '%s\n' \
+		'Package: nex' \
+		'Version: $(VERSION)' \
+		'Section: utils' \
+		'Priority: optional' \
+		'Architecture: $(DEB_ARCH)' \
+		'Maintainer: Nex Maintainers <noreply@example.com>' \
+		'Depends: libgtk-3-0, libayatana-appindicator3-1, xdg-utils' \
+		'Description: AI Gateway desktop application' \
+		' Nex is an AI Gateway desktop application.' \
+		> "$$pkgdir/DEBIAN/control"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) deb); \
+	dpkg-deb --build --root-owner-group "$$pkgdir" "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	dpkg-deb -I "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" >/dev/null
+
+_package-linux-rpm:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	topdir="$(abspath build/rpmbuild-$(TARGET_ARCH))"; \
+	rm -rf "$$topdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$topdir/BUILD" "$$topdir/BUILDROOT" "$$topdir/RPMS" "$$topdir/SOURCES" "$$topdir/SPECS" "$$topdir/SRPMS"; \
+	rpmbuild -bb --target "$(RPM_ARCH)" \
+		--define "_topdir $$topdir" \
+		--define "nex_version $(VERSION)" \
+		--define "nex_binary $(abspath $(LINUX_DESKTOP_BINARY))" \
+		--define "nex_desktop_file $(abspath packaging/linux/nex.desktop)" \
+		--define "nex_icons_dir $(abspath assets/icons/hicolor)" \
+		packaging/linux/nex.spec; \
+	rpm_file=$$(find "$$topdir/RPMS" -type f -name '*.rpm' | sort | tail -n 1); \
+	test -n "$$rpm_file"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop linux $(TARGET_ARCH) rpm); \
+	cp "$$rpm_file" "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	rpm -qip "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" >/dev/null
+
+_package-macos-zip:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop macos universal zip); \
+	ditto -c -k --keepParent build/Nex.app "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"
+
+_package-macos-dmg:
+	mkdir -p "$(RELEASE_DIR)"
+	dmgdir="build/dmg/Nex"; \
+	rm -rf "$$dmgdir"; \
+	mkdir -p "$$dmgdir"; \
+	cp -R build/Nex.app "$$dmgdir/Nex.app"; \
+	ln -s /Applications "$$dmgdir/Applications"; \
+	asset=$$(go run ./versionctl asset-name desktop macos universal dmg); \
+	hdiutil create -volname Nex -srcfolder "$$dmgdir" -ov -format UDZO "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset"; \
+	hdiutil verify "$(RELEASE_DIR)/$$asset" >/dev/null && \
+	rm -rf "$$dmgdir"
+
+# ============================================
+# 共享 helper targets
+# ============================================
+
+_backend-build:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend build
+
+_backend-lint:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend lint
+
+_backend-test:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend test
+
+_backend-clean:
+	@$(MAKE) -C backend clean
+
+_versionctl-lint:
+	@$(MAKE) -C versionctl lint
+
+_versionctl-test:
+	@$(MAKE) -C versionctl test
+
+_frontend-install:
+	cd frontend && bun install
+
+_frontend-build: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run build
+
+_frontend-check: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run check
+
+_frontend-test: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run test
+
+_frontend-dev: _frontend-install
+	cd frontend && bun run dev
+
+_frontend-clean:
+	rm -rf frontend/dist frontend/.next frontend/coverage frontend/playwright-report frontend/test-results frontend/tsconfig.tsbuildinfo

README.md

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ nex/
 │   │   ├── api/          # API 层（统一请求封装 + 字段转换）
 │   │   ├── hooks/        # TanStack Query hooks
 │   │   ├── components/   # 通用组件（AppLayout）
-│   │   ├── pages/        # 页面（Providers, Stats）
+│   │   ├── pages/        # 页面（Providers, Stats, Settings）
 │   │   ├── routes/       # React Router 路由配置
 │   │   ├── types/        # TypeScript 类型定义
 │   │   └── __tests__/    # 单元测试 + 组件测试
@@ -36,12 +36,10 @@ nex/
 │
 ├── assets/               # 应用资源
 │   ├── icon.png          # 托盘图标
-│   ├── AppIcon.icns      # macOS 应用图标
+│   ├── icon.icns         # macOS 应用图标
 │   └── icon.ico          # Windows 应用图标
 │
-├── scripts/              # 构建脚本
-│   └── build/
-│       └── package-macos.sh  # macOS .app 打包脚本
+├── packaging/            # 桌面发布包元数据（Linux desktop entry、RPM spec 等）
 │
 └── README.md             # 本文件
 ```
@@ -51,7 +49,7 @@ nex/
 - **双协议支持**：同时支持 OpenAI 和 Anthropic 协议
 - **跨协议转换**：Hub-and-Spoke 架构实现 OpenAI ↔ Anthropic 双向转换
 - **统一模型 ID**：`provider_id/model_name` 格式全局唯一标识模型（如 `openai/gpt-4`）
-- **Smart Passthrough**：同协议请求零序列化开销，仅改写 model 字段
+- **Smart Passthrough**：同协议请求跳过 Canonical 全量转换，仅在 JSON 层改写 model 字段
 - **流式响应**：完整支持 SSE 流式传输，包括跨协议流式转换
 - **Function Calling**：支持工具调用（Tools）
 - **Thinking / Reasoning**：支持 OpenAI `reasoning_effort` 和 Anthropic `thinking` 配置
@@ -59,6 +57,7 @@ nex/
 - **多供应商管理**：配置和管理多个供应商（供应商 ID 仅限字母、数字、下划线）
 - **用量统计**：按供应商、模型、日期统计请求数量
 - **Web 配置界面**：提供供应商和模型配置管理
+- **启动参数设置**：通过 Web 界面查看和编辑启动参数（Desktop 可编辑、Server 只读）
 
 ## 技术栈
 
@@ -67,11 +66,25 @@ nex/
 - **HTTP 框架**: Gin
 - **ORM**: GORM
 - **数据库**: SQLite / MySQL
-- **日志**: zap + lumberjack（结构化日志 + 日志轮转）
-- **配置**: Viper + pflag（多层配置：CLI > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值）
+- **日志**: zap + lumberjack（结构化日志 + 日志轮转 + 模块标识）
+- **配置**: Viper + pflag（Server 多层配置，Desktop 配置文件快照）
 - **验证**: go-playground/validator/v10
 - **迁移**: goose
 
+#### 日志模块标识规范
+
+每个模块通过依赖注入获取带模块标识的 logger，日志输出格式为 `[module.name]`：
+
+```
+Console: INFO  [handler.proxy]  处理请求  method=POST path=/v1/chat
+JSON:    {"level":"info","logger":"handler.proxy","msg":"处理请求","method":"POST"}
+```
+
+模块命名规范：
+- 单一职责包：`database`、`config`
+- 多实体包：`handler.proxy`、`service.provider`
+- 子包：`handler.middleware`
+
 ### 前端
 - **运行时**: Bun
 - **构建工具**: Vite
@@ -81,7 +94,7 @@ nex/
 - **图表库**: Recharts
 - **路由**: React Router v7
 - **数据获取**: TanStack Query v5
-- **样式**: SCSS Modules
+- **样式**: TDesign 组件 props 优先，TDesign tokens 次之，SCSS 作为兜底补充
 - **测试**: Vitest + React Testing Library + Playwright
 
 ## 快速开始
@@ -91,22 +104,21 @@ nex/
 **构建桌面应用**：
 
 ```bash
-# 当前平台
-make desktop
-
-# macOS (arm64 + amd64)
-make desktop-darwin
-make package-macos  # 打包为 .app
+# macOS (arm64 + amd64，并打包为 .app)
+make desktop-build-mac
 
 # Windows
-make desktop-windows
+make desktop-build-win
 
 # Linux
-make desktop-linux
+make desktop-build-linux
+
+# Linux arm64
+make desktop-build-linux TARGET_ARCH=arm64
 ```
 
 **使用桌面应用**：
-- 双击启动应用（macOS: Nex.app，Windows: nex.exe，Linux: nex）
+- 双击启动应用（macOS: Nex.app，Windows: nex-win-amd64.exe，Linux: nex-linux-amd64 / nex-linux-arm64）
 - 系统托盘图标出现，浏览器自动打开管理界面
 - 点击托盘图标显示菜单，可打开管理界面或退出
 - 关闭浏览器后服务继续运行，可通过托盘重新打开
@@ -114,8 +126,10 @@ make desktop-linux
 **注意事项**：
 - 桌面应用需要 CGO 支持
 - macOS: 自带 Xcode Command Line Tools
-- Linux: 自带 gcc，部分桌面环境需要 `libappindicator3-dev`
-- Windows: 需要 MinGW-w64 或在 Windows 环境构建
+- Linux 构建: 需要 gcc、pkg-config、GTK3 开发包和 Ayatana AppIndicator 开发包（Ubuntu/Debian: `libgtk-3-dev`、`libayatana-appindicator3-dev`）
+- Linux 运行: 需要 GTK3、Ayatana AppIndicator 和 xdg-utils；启动失败提示会 best-effort 使用 `notify-send`、`kdialog`、`zenity` 或 `xmessage`，这些通知/弹窗工具为软依赖，缺失时会降级到标准错误输出或日志；AppImage 也依赖系统提供 AppImage runtime/FUSE 能力，不承诺完全自包含
+- Windows: 需要对应架构的 MinGW-w64/MSYS2 工具链，desktop 使用 GUI linker flags 隐藏控制台窗口
+- macOS DMG: 发布包暂不签名、不 notarize，首次打开可能出现 Gatekeeper 提示
 
 **Linux 桌面环境兼容性**：
 - GNOME: 需要 AppIndicator 扩展
@@ -123,50 +137,87 @@ make desktop-linux
 - Xfce: 需要 libappindicator
 - 其他支持 StatusNotifierItem 规范的环境
 
-### CLI 模式
-
-#### 后端
+### Server 模式（前后端分离）
 
 ```bash
-cd backend
-go mod download
-go run cmd/server/main.go
+make server-run
 ```
 
-后端服务将在 `http://localhost:9826` 启动。首次启动会自动：
-- 创建配置文件 `~/.nex/config.yaml`
+`make server-run` 会并行启动：
+- 后端服务：`http://localhost:9826`
+- 前端开发服务器：`http://localhost:5173`
+
+前端请求会继续通过 Vite proxy 转发到后端。后端首次启动会自动：
 - 初始化数据库 `~/.nex/config.db`
 - 运行数据库迁移
 - 创建日志目录 `~/.nex/log/`
 
-### 前端
+**构建 server 模式产物**：
 
 ```bash
-cd frontend
-bun install
-bun dev
+make server-build
 ```
 
-前端开发服务器将在 `http://localhost:5173` 启动，API 请求通过 Vite proxy 转发到后端。
+### Release 产物
+
+发布流程由 Git tag `vX.Y.Z` 触发，GitHub Actions 会先通过全流程测试门禁，再构建并创建 Draft Release，上传 server、web 和 desktop 三类产物，同时生成 `SHA256SUMS`。
+
+**server 产物**（不内置 Web 管理界面）：
+
+| 平台 | 产物 |
+|------|------|
+| Linux amd64 | `nex-server_<version>_linux_amd64.tar.gz` |
+| Linux arm64 | `nex-server_<version>_linux_arm64.tar.gz` |
+| macOS amd64 | `nex-server_<version>_macos_amd64.tar.gz` |
+| macOS arm64 | `nex-server_<version>_macos_arm64.tar.gz` |
+| macOS universal | `nex-server_<version>_macos_universal.tar.gz` |
+| Windows amd64 | `nex-server_<version>_windows_amd64.zip` |
+
+**web 产物**：
+
+| 内容 | 产物 |
+|------|------|
+| `frontend/dist` | `nex-web_<version>.tar.gz` |
+
+**desktop 产物**：
+
+| 平台 | 产物 |
+|------|------|
+| Linux amd64 | `nex-desktop_<version>_linux_amd64.tar.gz`、`.AppImage`、`.deb`、`.rpm` |
+| Linux arm64 | `nex-desktop_<version>_linux_arm64.tar.gz`、`.AppImage`、`.deb`、`.rpm` |
+| macOS universal | `nex-desktop_<version>_macos_universal.zip`、`nex-desktop_<version>_macos_universal.dmg` |
+| Windows amd64 | `nex-desktop_<version>_windows_amd64.zip` |
+
+Linux deb 包声明 `libgtk-3-0`、`libayatana-appindicator3-1`、`xdg-utils` 运行依赖；rpm 包声明 `gtk3`、`libayatana-appindicator-gtk3`、`xdg-utils` 运行依赖。Rocky Linux 9 等发行版可能需要启用 EPEL 才能解析 Ayatana AppIndicator 依赖。
+
+server 和 desktop 发布产物自包含运行时数据库迁移资源（通过 `go:embed` 嵌入二进制），安装后首次启动不再依赖仓库源码目录。
 
 ## API 接口
 
 ### 代理接口（对外部应用）
 
-代理接口统一使用 `/{protocol}/*path` 路由格式，模型 ID 使用 `provider_id/model_name` 格式（如 `openai/gpt-4`）。同协议请求走 Smart Passthrough，最小化 JSON 改写保持参数保真；跨协议请求走完整 decode/encode 转换。
+代理接口统一使用 `/{protocol}/*path` 路由格式，模型 ID 使用 `provider_id/model_name` 格式（如 `openai/gpt-4`）。同协议请求走 Smart Passthrough，最小化 JSON 改写并保持未改写字段的 JSON 内容和类型不变；跨协议请求走完整 decode/encode 转换。
 
 **OpenAI 协议**（`protocol=openai`）：
-- `POST /openai/chat/completions` - 对话补全
-- `GET /openai/models` - 模型列表（本地数据库聚合）
-- `GET /openai/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}` - 模型详情（本地数据库查询）
-- `POST /openai/embeddings` - 嵌入
-- `POST /openai/rerank` - 重排序
+- `POST /openai/v1/chat/completions` - 对话补全
+- `GET /openai/v1/models` - 模型列表（本地数据库聚合）
+- `GET /openai/v1/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}` - 模型详情（本地数据库查询）
+- `POST /openai/v1/embeddings` - 嵌入
+- `POST /openai/v1/rerank` - 重排序
 
 **Anthropic 协议**（`protocol=anthropic`）：
 - `POST /anthropic/v1/messages` - 消息对话
 - `GET /anthropic/v1/models` - 模型列表（本地数据库聚合）
 - `GET /anthropic/v1/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}` - 模型详情（本地数据库查询）
 
+路径边界：网关只剥离第一段协议前缀，剩余路径保持协议原生形态交给 adapter。OpenAI adapter 接收 `/v1/chat/completions`、`/v1/models`、`/v1/embeddings`、`/v1/rerank`，并在构建上游 URL 时去掉 `/v1`；Anthropic adapter 接收 `/v1/messages`、`/v1/models`。因此 OpenAI 供应商 `base_url` 配置到版本路径一级（如 `https://api.openai.com/v1`），Anthropic 供应商 `base_url` 配置到域名级（如 `https://api.anthropic.com`）。
+
+代理错误边界：网关层错误统一返回 `{"error":"...","code":"..."}`，例如 `INVALID_JSON`、`MODEL_NOT_FOUND`、`CONVERSION_FAILED`、`UPSTREAM_UNAVAILABLE`。只要上游已经返回 HTTP 响应，非 2xx 的 status、过滤 hop-by-hop header 后的 headers 和 body 会直接透传，不包装为应用错误或协议错误。
+
+模型路由边界：只有 adapter 明确适配的接口会解析请求体中的 `model` 并使用统一模型 ID 路由；未知接口即使包含顶层 `model` 也按无 model 透传处理。
+
+流式边界：同协议无响应 model 改写时原样透传 SSE frame 和 `[DONE]`；同协议需要响应 model 改写时只解析 SSE frame 的 `data` JSON 并改写 `model`；跨协议流式仍走 provider decoder → Canonical stream event → client encoder。
+
 ### 管理接口（对前端）
 
 #### 供应商管理
@@ -189,13 +240,29 @@ bun dev
 
 查询参数支持：`provider_id`、`model_name`、`start_date`、`end_date`、`group_by`
 
+#### 启动参数设置
+- `GET /api/settings/startup` - 查询启动参数设置
+- `PUT /api/settings/startup` - 保存启动参数设置（仅 Desktop 模式）
+
+**行为差异**：
+- **Desktop 模式**：查询返回配置文件编辑视图（`~/.nex/config.yaml` + 默认值），允许保存到配置文件，保存后当前运行服务不受影响，需重启 Desktop 生效
+- **Server 模式**：查询返回当前运行有效配置，保存请求始终返回 403
+
+响应包含 `mode`、`editable`、`config_path`、`restart_required` 元数据和完整启动参数配置。Duration 字段使用 Go `time.Duration.String()` 标准字符串格式（如 `30s`、`1m0s`、`1h0m0s`）；配置文件中用户可手写任意合法 Go duration 字符串（如 `1h`、`30m`），保存时系统会统一为标准格式。
+
+#### 版本信息
+- `GET /api/version` - 获取后端构建版本信息（`version`、`commit`、`build_time`），用于前端 About 页面诊断前后端版本一致性
+
 ## 配置
 
-配置支持多种方式，优先级为：**CLI 参数 > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值**
+配置方式取决于启动模式：
+
+- **Server 模式**（`cmd/server`）：支持 CLI 参数 > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值
+- **Desktop 模式**（`cmd/desktop`）：仅支持配置文件 `~/.nex/config.yaml` > 默认值，修改配置文件后需重启 desktop 生效
 
 ### 配置文件
 
-配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`，首次启动自动生成：
+配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`。配置文件不存在时使用默认值，不会自动生成；需要自定义时手动创建该文件：
 
 ```yaml
 server:
@@ -214,7 +281,7 @@ database:
   # dbname: nex
   max_idle_conns: 10
   max_open_conns: 100
-  conn_max_lifetime: 1h
+  conn_max_lifetime: 1h0m0s
 
 log:
   level: info
@@ -225,9 +292,9 @@ log:
   compress: true
 ```
 
-### 环境变量
+### 环境变量（仅 Server 模式）
 
-所有配置项支持环境变量，使用 `NEX_` 前缀：
+Server 模式下，所有配置项支持环境变量，使用 `NEX_` 前缀：
 
 ```bash
 export NEX_SERVER_PORT=9000
@@ -245,7 +312,11 @@ export NEX_DATABASE_DBNAME=nex
 
 命名规则：配置路径转大写 + 下划线（如 `server.port` → `NEX_SERVER_PORT`）。
 
-### CLI 参数
+**Desktop 模式不支持环境变量覆盖。**Desktop 仅从 `~/.nex/config.yaml` 和默认值读取配置。
+
+### CLI 参数（仅 Server 模式）
+
+Server 模式下，支持命令行参数：
 
 ```bash
 ./server --server-port 9000 --log-level debug --database-path /tmp/test.db
@@ -253,6 +324,8 @@ export NEX_DATABASE_DBNAME=nex
 
 命名规则：配置路径转 kebab-case（如 `server.port` → `--server-port`）。
 
+**Desktop 不支持命令行参数覆盖配置。**Desktop 忽略所有 CLI 参数，仅从 `~/.nex/config.yaml` 读取。
+
 ### 数据文件
 
 - `~/.nex/config.yaml` - 配置文件
@@ -262,25 +335,113 @@ export NEX_DATABASE_DBNAME=nex
 ## 测试
 
 ```bash
-make backend-test              # 后端测试
-make backend-test-coverage     # 后端覆盖率
-make frontend-test             # 前端测试
-make frontend-test-e2e         # 前端 E2E 测试
+# 全局默认测试（不含 MySQL 和前端 E2E）
+make test
+
+# 产品级测试
+make server-test
+make desktop-test
 ```
 
+backend 分类测试、MySQL 专项测试和前端 E2E 测试请分别查看 `backend/README.md` 与 `frontend/README.md`。
+
 ## 开发
 
 ```bash
-make backend-build             # 构建后端
-make backend-run               # 运行后端
-make backend-lint              # 后端代码检查
-make backend-migrate-up        # 数据库迁移
+# 首次克隆后安装 Git hooks
+make hooks-install
 
-make frontend-build            # 构建前端
-make frontend-dev              # 前端开发模式
-make frontend-lint             # 前端代码检查
+# 检查 Git hooks 安装状态
+make hooks-check
+
+# 运行 Git hooks 回归测试
+make hooks-test
+
+# 全局命令
+make lint                       # 前后端共享检查
+make test                       # 默认全量测试（不含 MySQL/E2E）
+make clean                      # 清理所有构建产物和测试报告
+
+# server 模式
+make server-run                 # 并行启动后端和前端开发服务
+make server-build               # 构建 backend/bin/server 和 frontend/dist
+make server-lint                # server 模式检查
+make server-test                # server 模式测试
+make server-clean               # 清理 server 模式产物
+
+# desktop 模式
+make desktop-build-mac          # 构建 macOS 桌面应用
+make desktop-build-win          # 构建 Windows 桌面应用
+make desktop-build-linux        # 构建 Linux 桌面应用
+make desktop-lint               # desktop 模式检查
+make desktop-test               # desktop 专属测试
+make desktop-clean              # 清理 desktop 产物
 ```
 
+Git hooks 使用仓库内 `scripts/git-hooks/` 的原生脚本，不依赖额外 hook 框架。当前 hooks 包含：
+
+- pre-commit：检查 staged files 的冲突标记、大文件告警和 LFS 指针，并按文件类型委托后端、versionctl、前端检查
+- prepare-commit-msg：在编辑器打开时提供提交信息模板，辅助填写 `类型: 简短描述` 和多行说明
+- commit-msg：校验提交信息格式为 `类型: 简短描述`，多行说明需在首行后保留空行；提交描述按项目规范使用中文，hook 不做字符集检测
+
+## 版本与发布
+
+### 统一版本源
+
+- 仓库根目录 `VERSION` 是全仓唯一版本源，格式固定为 `x.y.z`
+- `frontend/package.json` 和前端 `.env.*` 中的 `VITE_APP_VERSION` 由仓库工具同步，不能手工漂移
+
+### 本地版本演进
+
+```bash
+# 递增版本（自动 lint + test + 工作区检查 + sync/check + commit + tag）
+make version-bump BUMP=minor
+
+# 或指定具体版本号
+make version-bump SET_VERSION=1.0.0
+
+# 推送到远程
+git push --follow-tags
+```
+
+手动同步和校验：
+
+```bash
+make version-sync
+make version-check
+```
+
+### 本地生成发布资产
+
+```bash
+# Linux: server + desktop
+make release-assets-linux
+
+# Windows: server + desktop（需在 Windows 环境执行）
+make release-assets-windows
+
+# macOS: darwin-amd64 server、darwin-arm64 server、desktop universal
+make release-assets-macos
+```
+
+生成的版本化发布资产位于 `build/release/`。
+
+### GitHub Draft Release
+
+- 推送 `vX.Y.Z` tag 后，`.github/workflows/release.yml` 会自动执行发布流水线
+- 流水线会先校验 tag 与 `VERSION` 一致，再执行全流程测试门禁（lint、默认测试、MySQL 测试、E2E 测试），测试不通过则阻止构建
+- 测试通过后，三个平台 job 并行构建，各 job 会在正式构建前先检查 `go`、`bun` 和各自的平台打包工具链，缺失时快速失败并在日志中输出诊断信息
+- Windows 发布 job 在 `MSYS2 / MINGW64` shell 中执行，并继承 `setup-go` / `setup-bun` 准备好的工具链路径
+- 构建以下资产并上传到 GitHub Draft Release：
+  - Linux server
+  - Windows server
+  - darwin-amd64 server
+  - darwin-arm64 server
+  - Linux desktop
+  - Windows desktop
+  - macOS desktop universal
+- Release 默认以 Draft 形式创建，需人工检查后再公开发布
+
 ## 开发规范
 
 详见各子项目的 README.md：
@@ -289,4 +450,4 @@ make frontend-lint             # 前端代码检查
 
 ## 许可证
 
-MIT
+Apache License 2.0

VERSION

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+0.1.7

assets/README.md

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-# Assets
-
-应用资源文件目录。
-
-## 文件说明
-
-| 文件 | 用途 | 尺寸 | 格式 |
-|------|------|------|------|
-| `icon.svg` | 源图标 | 64x64 | SVG |
-| `icon.png` | 托盘图标 | 64x64 | PNG |
-| `AppIcon.icns` | macOS 应用图标 | 多尺寸 | ICNS |
-| `icon.ico` | Windows 应用图标 | 256x256 | ICO |
-
-## 替换图标
-
-### 1. 准备图标
-
-推荐使用 SVG 格式的源图标，尺寸至少 256x256。
-
-### 2. 生成各平台图标
-
-**托盘图标 (PNG)**：
-```bash
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 64x64 icon.png
-```
-
-**macOS 应用图标 (ICNS)**：
-```bash
-mkdir icon.iconset
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 16x16 icon.iconset/icon_16x16.png
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 32x32 icon.iconset/icon_16x16@2x.png
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 32x32 icon.iconset/icon_32x32.png
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 64x64 icon.iconset/icon_32x32@2x.png
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 128x128 icon.iconset/icon_128x128.png
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 256x256 icon.iconset/icon_128x128@2x.png
-iconutil -c icns icon.iconset -o AppIcon.icns
-rm -rf icon.iconset
-```
-
-**Windows 应用图标 (ICO)**：
-```bash
-magick your-icon.svg -resize 256x256 icon.ico
-```
-
-### 3. 替换文件
-
-将生成的文件放入此目录，然后重新构建桌面应用：
-```bash
-./scripts/build/build-darwin-arm64.sh
-```
-
-## macOS Template 图标
-
-macOS 支持 Template 图标，自动适配深浅色模式：
-- 使用黑色 + 透明设计
-- 文件名以 `Template` 结尾（如 `iconTemplate.png`）
-- 黑色在深色模式下自动变为白色
-
-## 设计建议
-
-- 托盘图标应简洁，在小尺寸下清晰可辨
-- 避免过多细节和文字
-- 使用高对比度颜色
-- macOS 建议使用 Template 图标风格

assets/icon.svg

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-<svg width="64" height="64" viewBox="0 0 64 64" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
-  <rect width="64" height="64" rx="12" fill="#4A90D9"/>
-  <polygon points="32,8 52,20 52,44 32,56 12,44 12,20" fill="none" stroke="white" stroke-width="3"/>
-  <circle cx="32" cy="32" r="6" fill="white"/>
-  <line x1="32" y1="32" x2="20" y2="20" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/>
-  <line x1="32" y1="32" x2="44" y2="20" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/>
-  <line x1="32" y1="32" x2="20" y2="44" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/>
-  <line x1="32" y1="32" x2="44" y2="44" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"/>
-  <circle cx="20" cy="20" r="3" fill="white"/>
-  <circle cx="44" cy="20" r="3" fill="white"/>
-  <circle cx="20" cy="44" r="3" fill="white"/>
-  <circle cx="44" cy="44" r="3" fill="white"/>
-</svg>

backend/.golangci.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+run:
+  timeout: 5m
+  tests: true
+
+linters:
+  disable-all: true
+  enable:
+    - forbidigo
+    - errorlint
+    - errcheck
+    - staticcheck
+    - revive
+    - gocritic
+    - gosec
+    - bodyclose
+    - noctx
+    - nilerr
+    - goimports
+    - gocyclo
+
+linters-settings:
+  errcheck:
+    check-blank: true
+    check-type-assertions: true
+    exclude-functions:
+      - fmt.Fprintf
+  forbidigo:
+    analyze-types: true
+    forbid:
+      - p: '^fmt\.Print.*$'
+        msg: 使用 zap logger，不要直接输出到 stdout/stderr
+      - p: '^fmt\.Fprint.*$'
+        msg: 使用 zap logger，不要直接输出到 stdout/stderr
+      - p: '^log\.(Print|Println|Printf|Fatal|Fatalln|Fatalf|Panic|Panicln|Panicf)$'
+        msg: 使用 zap logger，不要使用标准库 log
+      - p: '^zap\.L$'
+        msg: 通过依赖注入传递 *zap.Logger，不要使用全局 logger
+      - p: '^zap\.S$'
+        msg: 不使用 Sugar logger
+  revive:
+    rules:
+      - name: exported
+      - name: var-naming
+      - name: indent-error-flow
+      - name: error-strings
+      - name: error-return
+      - name: blank-imports
+      - name: context-as-argument
+      - name: unexported-return
+  goimports:
+    local-prefixes: nex/backend
+  gocyclo:
+    min-complexity: 10
+
+issues:
+  exclude-dirs:
+    - tests/mocks
+  exclude-generated: true
+  exclude-rules:
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - forbidigo
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - errcheck
+      source: '(^\s*_\s*=|,\s*_)'
+    - path: 'tests/integration/e2e_conversion_test\.go'
+      linters:
+        - errcheck
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - revive
+      text: '^exported:'
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - gosec
+      text: 'G(101|401|501)'
+    - path: '(_test\.go|tests/)'
+      linters:
+        - gocyclo
+      text: 'cyclomatic complexity (1[1-9]|20) of .* is high \(> 10\)'
+    - linters:
+        - revive
+      text: '(that stutters|BuildUrl should be BuildURL|ConvertHttpRequest should be ConvertHTTPRequest|ConvertHttpResponse should be ConvertHTTPResponse)'
+    - path: 'internal/conversion/.*\.go'
+      linters:
+        - gocyclo
+        - gocritic
+    - path: '(internal/provider/client\.go|internal/service/model_service_impl\.go|internal/service/stats_buffer\.go|internal/handler/proxy_handler\.go|cmd/(desktop|server)/main\.go)'
+      linters:
+        - gocyclo

backend/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+.PHONY: \
+	build run \
+	test test-unit test-integration test-coverage \
+	lint clean \
+	migrate-up migrate-down migrate-status migrate-create \
+	mysql-up mysql-down mysql-test mysql-test-quick
+
+VERSION := $(shell go run ../versionctl print)
+GIT_COMMIT ?= $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD 2>/dev/null || printf 'unknown')
+BUILD_TIME ?= $(shell date -u +"%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
+GO_LDFLAGS := -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.version=$(VERSION) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.commit=$(GIT_COMMIT) -X nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo.buildTime=$(BUILD_TIME)
+
+DB_DRIVER ?= sqlite3
+DB_DSN ?= $(HOME)/.nex/config.db
+
+ifeq ($(DB_DRIVER),mysql)
+GOOSE_DIR := migrations/mysql
+GOOSE_DRIVER := mysql
+else ifeq ($(DB_DRIVER),sqlite3)
+GOOSE_DIR := migrations/sqlite
+GOOSE_DRIVER := sqlite3
+else
+$(error unsupported DB_DRIVER '$(DB_DRIVER)', use sqlite3 or mysql)
+endif
+
+build:
+	go build -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" -o bin/server ./cmd/server
+
+run:
+	go run -ldflags "$(GO_LDFLAGS)" ./cmd/server
+
+test:
+	go test ./internal/... ./pkg/... ./tests/... ./cmd/server/... -v
+
+test-unit:
+	go test ./internal/... ./pkg/... -v
+
+test-integration:
+	go test ./tests/... -v
+
+test-coverage:
+	go test ./... -coverprofile=coverage.out
+	go tool cover -html=coverage.out -o coverage.html
+	@printf 'Coverage report generated: backend/coverage.html\n'
+
+lint:
+	go tool golangci-lint run ./...
+
+clean:
+	rm -rf bin/ coverage.out coverage.html
+
+migrate-up:
+	@printf 'Running database migration up...\n'
+	goose -dir $(GOOSE_DIR) $(GOOSE_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" up
+
+migrate-down:
+	@printf 'Running database migration down...\n'
+	goose -dir $(GOOSE_DIR) $(GOOSE_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" down
+
+migrate-status:
+	@printf 'Checking database migration status...\n'
+	goose -dir $(GOOSE_DIR) $(GOOSE_DRIVER) "$(DB_DSN)" status
+
+migrate-create:
+	@printf 'Migration name: '; \
+	read name; \
+	goose -dir migrations/sqlite create $$name sql; \
+	goose -dir migrations/mysql create $$name sql
+
+mysql-up:
+	@printf 'Starting MySQL test container...\n'
+	cd tests/mysql && docker-compose up -d
+	@printf 'Waiting for MySQL to be ready...\n'
+	@for i in $$(seq 1 30); do \
+		if docker exec nex-mysql-test mysqladmin ping -h localhost -u root -ptestpass --silent 2>/dev/null; then \
+			printf 'MySQL is ready\n'; \
+			exit 0; \
+		fi; \
+		printf 'Waiting... (%s/30)\n' $$i; \
+		sleep 1; \
+	done; \
+	printf 'MySQL failed to start\n'; \
+	exit 1
+
+mysql-down:
+	@printf 'Stopping MySQL test container...\n'
+	cd tests/mysql && docker-compose down -v
+
+mysql-test:
+	@set -e; \
+	$(MAKE) mysql-up; \
+	trap '$(MAKE) mysql-down' EXIT; \
+	go test -tags=mysql ./tests/mysql/... -v -count=1
+
+mysql-test-quick:
+	@printf 'Running MySQL tests without container management...\n'
+	go test -tags=mysql ./tests/mysql/... -v -count=1

backend/README.md

@@ -4,21 +4,67 @@ AI 网关后端服务，提供统一的大模型 API 代理接口。
 
 ## 功能特性
 
-- 支持 OpenAI 协议（`/openai/v1/...`）
+- 支持 OpenAI 协议（`/openai/v1/...`，例如 `/openai/v1/chat/completions`）
 - 支持 Anthropic 协议（`/anthropic/v1/...`）
 - 支持 Hub-and-Spoke 跨协议双向转换（OpenAI ↔ Anthropic）
-- 同协议透传（零语义损失、零序列化开销）
+- 同协议透传（跳过 Canonical 全量转换，保持协议语义）
 - 支持流式响应（SSE）
 - 支持 Function Calling / Tools
 - 支持 Thinking / Reasoning
 - 支持扩展层接口（Models、Embeddings、Rerank）
 - 多供应商配置和路由
 - 用量统计
-- 结构化日志（zap + lumberjack）
+- 结构化日志（zap + lumberjack + 模块标识）
 - YAML 配置管理
 - 请求验证
 - 中间件支持（请求 ID、日志、恢复、CORS）
 
+## 日志规范
+
+### 模块标识
+
+每个模块通过依赖注入获取带模块标识的 logger：
+
+```go
+func NewProxyHandler(..., logger *zap.Logger) *ProxyHandler {
+    return &ProxyHandler{
+        logger: pkglogger.WithModule(logger, "handler.proxy"),
+    }
+}
+```
+
+输出格式：
+- Console: `INFO  [handler.proxy]  处理请求  method=POST path=/v1/chat`
+- JSON: `{"level":"info","logger":"handler.proxy","msg":"处理请求"}`
+
+### 模块命名规范
+
+| 模块 | 命名 |
+|------|------|
+| ProxyHandler | `handler.proxy` |
+| ProviderHandler | `handler.provider` |
+| Provider Client | `provider.client` |
+| ConversionEngine | `conversion.engine` |
+| RoutingCache | `service.routing_cache` |
+| StatsBuffer | `service.stats_buffer` |
+| Database | `database` |
+
+### 标准字段
+
+使用 `pkg/logger/field.go` 中定义的字段构造函数：
+
+```go
+logger.Debug("请求开始",
+    pkglogger.Method("POST"),
+    pkglogger.Path("/v1/chat"),
+    pkglogger.RequestID("xxx"),
+)
+```
+
+### GORM 日志
+
+GORM 日志自动桥接到 zap，SQL 查询映射到 Debug 级别。
+
 ## 技术栈
 
 - **语言**: Go 1.26+
@@ -26,7 +72,7 @@ AI 网关后端服务，提供统一的大模型 API 代理接口。
 - **ORM**: GORM
 - **数据库**: SQLite / MySQL
 - **日志**: zap + lumberjack
-- **配置**: Viper + pflag（多层配置：CLI > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值）
+- **配置**: Viper + pflag（Server 多层配置，Desktop 配置文件快照）
 - **验证**: go-playground/validator/v10
 - **迁移**: goose
 
@@ -105,16 +151,24 @@ backend/
 │   │   ├── errors.go
 │   │   └── wrap.go
 │   ├── logger/                  # 日志系统
-│   │   ├── logger.go
-│   │   ├── rotate.go
-│   │   └── context.go
+│   │   ├── logger.go            # 核心初始化
+│   │   ├── field.go             # 标准字段定义
+│   │   ├── module.go            # 模块日志器
+│   │   ├── context.go           # Context 辅助函数
+│   │   ├── gorm.go              # GORM 适配器
+│   │   ├── minimal.go           # 最小化 logger
+│   │   └── rotate.go            # 日志轮转
 │   ├── modelid/                 # 统一模型 ID 工具包
 │   │   ├── model_id.go
 │   │   └── model_id_test.go
 │   └── validator/               # 验证器
 │       └── validator.go
 ├── migrations/                  # 数据库迁移
-│   └── 20260421000001_initial_schema.sql
+│   ├── embed.go                 # go:embed 迁移资源入口
+│   ├── sqlite/
+│   │   └── 20260421000001_initial_schema.sql
+│   └── mysql/
+│       └── 20260421000001_initial_schema.sql
 ├── tests/                       # 集成测试
 │   ├── helpers.go               # 测试辅助函数
 │   ├── config/                  # 测试配置
@@ -170,7 +224,7 @@ OpenAI Response ← Canonical Response ← Anthropic Response
 
 ### Smart Passthrough 机制
 
-同协议请求走 Smart Passthrough 路径，**零序列化开销**：
+同协议请求走 Smart Passthrough 路径，不进入 Canonical 全量转换：
 
 ```
 1. 检测 clientProtocol == providerProtocol
@@ -179,12 +233,14 @@ OpenAI Response ← Canonical Response ← Anthropic Response
 4. 响应中仅改写 model 字段：upstream_model_name → unified_id
 ```
 
+Smart Passthrough 保持未改写 JSON 字段的内容和类型不变，不承诺保留原始字节顺序、空白或对象字段顺序。
+
 ### 流式转换器层次
 
 ```
 StreamConverter (接口)
 ├── PassthroughStreamConverter      # 直接透传，无任何处理
-├── SmartPassthroughStreamConverter # 同协议 + 逐 chunk 改写 model
+├── SmartPassthroughStreamConverter # 同协议 + 按 SSE frame 改写 data JSON model
 └── CanonicalStreamConverter        # 跨协议完整转换（decode → encode）
 ```
 
@@ -251,6 +307,7 @@ StreamConverter (接口)
 | `PROTOCOL_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION` | 协议约束违反 |
 | `ENCODING_FAILURE` | 编码失败 |
 | `INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED` | 接口不支持（如 Anthropic Embeddings） |
+| `UNSUPPORTED_MULTIMODAL` | 跨协议暂不支持多模态内容 |
 
 ### AppError 预定义错误
 
@@ -277,15 +334,18 @@ go mod download
 go run cmd/server/main.go
 ```
 
-服务将在端口 9826 启动。首次启动会自动创建配置文件和运行数据库迁移。
+服务将在端口 9826 启动。首次启动会自动运行数据库迁移。
 
 ## 配置
 
-配置支持多种方式：配置文件、环境变量、命令行参数，优先级为：**CLI 参数 > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值**
+配置方式取决于启动入口：
+
+- **Server 入口**（`cmd/server`）：支持 CLI 参数 > 环境变量 > 配置文件 > 默认值
+- **Desktop 入口**（`cmd/desktop`）：仅支持 `~/.nex/config.yaml` > 默认值，不支持 CLI 参数和 `NEX_*` 环境变量覆盖，修改配置文件后需重启生效
 
 ### 配置文件
 
-配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`，首次启动自动生成。
+配置文件位于 `~/.nex/config.yaml`。配置文件不存在时使用默认值，不会自动生成；需要自定义时手动创建该文件：
 
 ```yaml
 server:
@@ -304,7 +364,7 @@ database:
   # dbname: nex
   max_idle_conns: 10
   max_open_conns: 100
-  conn_max_lifetime: 1h
+  conn_max_lifetime: 1h0m0s
 
 log:
   level: info
@@ -315,9 +375,9 @@ log:
   compress: true
 ```
 
-### 环境变量
+### 环境变量（仅 Server 入口）
 
-所有配置项都支持环境变量，使用 `NEX_` 前缀：
+Server 入口下，所有配置项都支持环境变量，使用 `NEX_` 前缀：
 
 ```bash
 export NEX_SERVER_PORT=9000
@@ -335,7 +395,7 @@ export NEX_DATABASE_DBNAME=nex
 
 命名规则：配置路径转大写 + 下划线 + `NEX_` 前缀（如 `server.port` → `NEX_SERVER_PORT`）。
 
-### 命令行参数
+### 命令行参数（仅 Server 入口）
 
 ```bash
 ./server --server-port 9000 --log-level debug --database-path /tmp/test.db
@@ -384,24 +444,39 @@ docker run -d -e NEX_SERVER_PORT=9000 -e NEX_LOG_LEVEL=info nex-server
 ## 测试
 
 ```bash
-# 运行所有测试
+# 运行 backend 默认测试
 make test
 
+# 分类测试
+make test-unit
+make test-integration
+
 # 生成覆盖率报告
 make test-coverage
+
+# MySQL 专项测试
+make mysql-up
+make mysql-down
+make mysql-test
+make mysql-test-quick
 ```
 
 ## 数据库迁移
 
+应用启动时使用随二进制打包的迁移资源（`go:embed`）自动执行迁移，server 和 desktop 发布产物均自包含，不依赖源码目录。开发时可继续通过 Makefile goose CLI 操作文件系统中的 `migrations/<dialect>/` 目录，运行时嵌入资源与文件系统目录共享同一批 SQL 文件。
+
 ```bash
 # 使用 Makefile
-make migrate-up DB_PATH=~/.nex/config.db
-make migrate-down DB_PATH=~/.nex/config.db
-make migrate-status DB_PATH=~/.nex/config.db
+make migrate-up DB_DSN=~/.nex/config.db
+make migrate-down DB_DSN=~/.nex/config.db
+make migrate-status DB_DSN=~/.nex/config.db
 
 # 创建新迁移
 make migrate-create
 
+# MySQL 迁移
+make migrate-up DB_DRIVER=mysql DB_DSN='user:pass@tcp(localhost:3306)/nex'
+
 # 或直接使用 goose
 goose -dir migrations sqlite3 ~/.nex/config.db up
 ```
@@ -410,15 +485,15 @@ goose -dir migrations sqlite3 ~/.nex/config.db up
 
 ### 代理接口
 
-使用 `/{protocol}/v1/{path}` URL 前缀路由：
+使用 `/{protocol}/*path` URL 前缀路由。网关只剥离第一段协议前缀，不在 Handler 中统一添加或移除 `/v1`；剩余 path 是协议原生 nativePath，由对应 adapter 识别和组合上游 URL。
 
 #### OpenAI 协议
 
 ```
-POST /openai/chat/completions
-GET  /openai/models
-POST /openai/embeddings
-POST /openai/rerank
+POST /openai/v1/chat/completions
+GET  /openai/v1/models
+POST /openai/v1/embeddings
+POST /openai/v1/rerank
 ```
 
 #### Anthropic 协议
@@ -428,10 +503,20 @@ POST /anthropic/v1/messages
 GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 ```
 
-**协议转换**：网关支持任意协议间的双向转换。客户端使用 OpenAI 协议请求，上游供应商可以是 Anthropic 协议（反之亦然）。同协议时自动透传，零序列化开销。
+**协议转换**：网关支持任意协议间的双向转换。客户端使用 OpenAI 协议请求，上游供应商可以是 Anthropic 协议（反之亦然）。同协议时自动透传或 Smart Passthrough，跳过 Canonical 全量转换。
 
 **统一模型 ID**：代理请求中的 `model` 字段使用 `provider_id/model_name` 格式（如 `openai/gpt-4`），网关据此路由到对应供应商。同协议时自动改写为上游 `model_name`，跨协议时通过全量转换处理。
 
+**base_url 约定**：
+- OpenAI 供应商配置到版本路径一级，例如 `https://api.openai.com/v1`；当客户端请求 `/openai/v1/chat/completions` 时，OpenAI adapter 会把 nativePath `/v1/chat/completions` 映射为上游 path `/chat/completions`，最终 URL 为 `https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions`。
+- Anthropic 供应商配置到域名级，例如 `https://api.anthropic.com`。
+
+**模型提取边界**：只有 adapter 明确适配的 Chat、Embeddings、Rerank 等接口会提取 `model` 并尝试统一模型 ID 路由。未知接口不做顶层 `model` 猜测，直接按无 model 透传。
+
+**流式透传边界**：同协议无响应 model 改写时 raw passthrough，保留 SSE frame 边界和 `[DONE]`；同协议需要改写时按 SSE frame 解析 `data` JSON，仅改写 `model`；跨协议继续使用 StreamDecoder → CanonicalStreamConverter → StreamEncoder。
+
+**错误边界**：网关层代理错误返回 `{"error":"...","code":"..."}`。已收到上游 HTTP 响应时，非 2xx status、过滤 hop-by-hop header 后的 headers 和 body 直接透传；没有收到上游响应的连接/DNS/TLS/超时错误返回 `UPSTREAM_UNAVAILABLE`。
+
 ### 管理接口
 
 #### 供应商管理
@@ -459,7 +544,7 @@ GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 - Anthropic 协议：配置到域名，不包含版本路径，如 `https://api.anthropic.com`
 
 **对外 URL 格式**：
-- OpenAI 协议：`/{protocol}/{endpoint}`，如 `/openai/chat/completions`、`/openai/models`、`/openai/embeddings`
+- OpenAI 协议：`/{protocol}/v1/{endpoint}`，如 `/openai/v1/chat/completions`、`/openai/v1/models`、`/openai/v1/embeddings`
 - Anthropic 协议：`/{protocol}/v1/{endpoint}`，如 `/anthropic/v1/messages`、`/anthropic/v1/models`
 
 #### 模型管理
@@ -501,6 +586,20 @@ GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 
 查询参数：`provider_id`、`model_name`、`start_date`（YYYY-MM-DD）、`end_date`、`group_by`（provider/model/date）
 
+#### 版本信息
+
+- `GET /api/version` - 获取后端构建版本信息
+
+响应字段来源于构建阶段注入的 `buildinfo` 元数据：
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "commit": "abc1234",
+  "build_time": "2026-05-05T00:00:00Z"
+}
+```
+
 #### 健康检查
 
 - `GET /health` - 返回 `{"status": "ok"}`
@@ -508,9 +607,12 @@ GET  /anthropic/v1/models
 ## 开发
 
 ```bash
-make build    # 构建
-make lint     # 代码检查
-make deps     # 整理依赖
+make build           # 构建 backend/bin/server
+make run             # 运行后端服务
+make lint            # 代码检查
+make clean           # 清理 backend 构建产物
+go mod tidy          # 整理依赖
+go generate ./...    # 刷新 mock 等生成代码
 ```
 
 环境要求：Go 1.26 或更高版本
@@ -559,6 +661,7 @@ err := v.Validate(myStruct)
 
 - **JSON 解析**：使用 `encoding/json` 标准库，不手动扫描字节
 - **字符串拼接**：使用 `strings.Join`，不手写循环拼接
-- **错误判断**：使用 `errors.Is` / `errors.As`，不使用字符串匹配
+- **错误判断**：使用 `errors.Is` / `errors.As`，不使用字符串匹配（lint 强约束：errorlint 禁止 `err ==` 直接比较和 `err.(*T)` 直接断言）
 - **日志使用**：通过依赖注入 `*zap.Logger`，不直接调用 `zap.L()`
+- **日志 error 字段**：使用 `zap.Error(err)`，不使用 `zap.String("error", err.Error())` 手工字符串化
 - **字符串分割**：使用 `strings.SplitN` 等精确分割，不使用索引切片

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+func platformStartupChannels(runner commandRunner) []promptChannel {
+	return []promptChannel{
+		{
+			name: "macos-notification",
+			available: func() error {
+				_, err := runner.LookPath("osascript")
+				return err
+			},
+			run: func(req promptRequest) error {
+				script := fmt.Sprintf(`display notification "%s" with title "%s" subtitle "%s"`,
+					escapeAppleScript(req.message), escapeAppleScript(req.title), escapeAppleScript(req.subtitle))
+				return runner.Run(promptCommandTimeout, nil, "osascript", "-e", script)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "macos-alert",
+			available: func() error {
+				_, err := runner.LookPath("osascript")
+				return err
+			},
+			run: func(req promptRequest) error {
+				script := fmt.Sprintf(`display alert "%s" message "%s" as critical buttons {"OK"} default button "OK"`,
+					escapeAppleScript(req.title), escapeAppleScript(req.message))
+				return runner.Run(promptCommandTimeout, nil, "osascript", "-e", script)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func escapeAppleScript(s string) string {
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\\", "\\\\")
+	s = strings.ReplaceAll(s, "\"", "\\\"")
+	return s
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_darwin_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestDarwinStartupChannelsBuildNotificationAndAlert(t *testing.T) {
+	runner := &fakeCommandRunner{paths: map[string]bool{"osascript": true}}
+	channels := platformStartupChannels(runner)
+	if len(channels) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("macOS 应有 notification 和 alert 两级通道，实际: %d", len(channels))
+	}
+
+	req := promptRequest{title: "Nex 启动失败", subtitle: "config", message: "路径 C:\\tmp 包含 \"quote\""}
+	for _, channel := range channels {
+		if err := channel.available(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("通道 %s 应可用: %v", channel.name, err)
+		}
+		if err := channel.run(req); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("通道 %s 执行失败: %v", channel.name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(runner.calls) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("应执行两次 osascript，实际: %d", len(runner.calls))
+	}
+	if runner.calls[0].name != "osascript" || runner.calls[0].args[0] != "-e" {
+		t.Fatalf("notification 命令参数错误: %#v", runner.calls[0])
+	}
+	if script := runner.calls[0].args[1]; !strings.Contains(script, "display notification") || !strings.Contains(script, `\\tmp`) || !strings.Contains(script, `\"quote\"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("notification AppleScript 未正确构造或转义: %s", script)
+	}
+	if script := runner.calls[1].args[1]; !strings.Contains(script, "display alert") || !strings.Contains(script, "as critical") {
+		t.Fatalf("alert AppleScript 未使用 critical 告警: %s", script)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEscapeAppleScript(t *testing.T) {
+	got := escapeAppleScript(`C:\tmp "quote"`)
+	if !strings.Contains(got, `C:\\tmp`) || !strings.Contains(got, `\"quote\"`) {
+		t.Fatalf("AppleScript 转义结果错误: %s", got)
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+)
+
+type dialogToolType int
+
+const (
+	toolNone dialogToolType = iota
+	toolNotifySend
+	toolKdialogPassive
+	toolZenity
+	toolKdialogError
+	toolXmessage
+)
+
+var (
+	dialogTools     map[string]bool
+	dialogToolOnce  sync.Once
+	dialogToolNames = []string{"notify-send", "kdialog", "zenity", "xmessage"}
+)
+
+func init() {
+	dialogToolOnce.Do(func() { detectDialogTools(defaultCommandRunner{}) })
+}
+
+func platformStartupChannels(runner commandRunner) []promptChannel {
+	return []promptChannel{
+		linuxCommandChannel("notify-send", toolNotifySend, runner, linuxHasGraphicalSessionAndDBus, func(req promptRequest) []string {
+			return []string{"-u", "critical", "-a", appName, "-i", "nex", req.title, req.message}
+		}),
+		linuxCommandChannel("kdialog", toolKdialogPassive, runner, linuxHasGraphicalSession, func(req promptRequest) []string {
+			return []string{"--title", req.title, "--passivepopup", req.message, "10"}
+		}),
+		linuxCommandChannel("zenity", toolZenity, runner, linuxHasGraphicalSession, func(req promptRequest) []string {
+			return []string{"--error", fmt.Sprintf("--title=%s", req.title), fmt.Sprintf("--text=%s", req.message)}
+		}),
+		linuxCommandChannel("kdialog", toolKdialogError, runner, linuxHasGraphicalSession, func(req promptRequest) []string {
+			return []string{"--title", req.title, "--error", req.message}
+		}),
+		linuxCommandChannel("xmessage", toolXmessage, runner, linuxHasX11Display, func(req promptRequest) []string {
+			return []string{"-center", "-buttons", "OK:0", "-default", "OK", fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", req.title, req.message)}
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+func detectDialogTools(runner commandRunner) {
+	dialogTools = make(map[string]bool, len(dialogToolNames))
+	for _, name := range dialogToolNames {
+		_, err := runner.LookPath(name)
+		dialogTools[name] = err == nil
+	}
+}
+
+func linuxCommandChannel(name string, typ dialogToolType, runner commandRunner, environmentOK func() error, args func(promptRequest) []string) promptChannel {
+	return promptChannel{
+		name: fmt.Sprintf("linux-%s-%d", name, typ),
+		available: func() error {
+			if err := linuxCommandAvailable(runner, name); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			return environmentOK()
+		},
+		run: func(req promptRequest) error {
+			return runner.Run(promptCommandTimeout, nil, name, args(req)...)
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func linuxCommandAvailable(runner commandRunner, name string) error {
+	if _, ok := runner.(defaultCommandRunner); ok {
+		dialogToolOnce.Do(func() { detectDialogTools(runner) })
+		if dialogTools[name] {
+			return nil
+		}
+		return fmt.Errorf("%s 不可用", name)
+	}
+
+	_, err := runner.LookPath(name)
+	return err
+}
+
+func linuxHasGraphicalSession() error {
+	if os.Getenv("DISPLAY") == "" && os.Getenv("WAYLAND_DISPLAY") == "" {
+		return errors.New("缺少图形会话")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func linuxHasGraphicalSessionAndDBus() error {
+	if err := linuxHasGraphicalSession(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if os.Getenv("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS") == "" {
+		return errors.New("缺少 DBus session bus")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func linuxHasX11Display() error {
+	if os.Getenv("DISPLAY") == "" {
+		return errors.New("缺少 X11 DISPLAY")
+	}
+	return nil
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_linux_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestLinuxStartupChannelsPriorityAndArguments(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("DISPLAY", ":0")
+	t.Setenv("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS", "unix:path=/tmp/dbus")
+	runner := &fakeCommandRunner{paths: map[string]bool{
+		"notify-send": true,
+		"kdialog":     true,
+		"zenity":      true,
+		"xmessage":    true,
+	}}
+
+	channels := platformStartupChannels(runner)
+	if len(channels) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("Linux 应有 5 个 UI 通道，实际: %d", len(channels))
+	}
+
+	req := promptRequest{title: "Nex 启动失败", message: "端口被占用"}
+	for _, channel := range channels {
+		if err := channel.available(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("通道 %s 应可用: %v", channel.name, err)
+		}
+		if err := channel.run(req); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("通道 %s 执行失败: %v", channel.name, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	wantNames := []string{"notify-send", "kdialog", "zenity", "kdialog", "xmessage"}
+	for i, want := range wantNames {
+		if got := runner.calls[i].name; got != want {
+			t.Fatalf("第 %d 个命令 = %s, want %s", i, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+	if got := runner.calls[0].args; len(got) < 2 || got[0] != "-u" || got[1] != "critical" {
+		t.Fatalf("notify-send 应使用 critical 参数，实际: %#v", got)
+	}
+	if got := runner.calls[1].args; len(got) < 3 || got[2] != "--passivepopup" {
+		t.Fatalf("kdialog 第一跳应使用 passivepopup，实际: %#v", got)
+	}
+	if got := runner.calls[2].args; len(got) < 1 || got[0] != "--error" {
+		t.Fatalf("zenity 应使用 --error，实际: %#v", got)
+	}
+	if got := runner.calls[4].args; len(got) < 1 || got[0] != "-center" {
+		t.Fatalf("xmessage 应居中显示，实际: %#v", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLinuxNotifySendRequiresDBus(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Setenv("DISPLAY", ":0")
+	t.Setenv("DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS", "")
+	runner := &fakeCommandRunner{paths: map[string]bool{"notify-send": true}}
+
+	channels := platformStartupChannels(runner)
+	if err := channels[0].available(); err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("notify-send 缺少 DBus session bus 时应不可用")
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
+)
+
+func dialogLogger() *zap.Logger {
+	if zapLogger != nil {
+		return zapLogger
+	}
+
+	return pkgLogger.NewMinimal()
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/dialog_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"syscall"
+	"unicode/utf16"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+const (
+	mbOK              = 0x00000000
+	mbIconError       = 0x10
+	mbIconInformation = 0x40
+	mbTaskModal       = 0x00002000
+	mbSetForeground   = 0x00010000
+	mbTopMost         = 0x00040000
+)
+
+var (
+	user32          = syscall.NewLazyDLL("user32.dll")
+	procMessageBoxW = user32.NewProc("MessageBoxW")
+	callMessageBoxW = func(hwnd, text, caption, flags uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		ret, _, err := procMessageBoxW.Call(hwnd, text, caption, flags)
+		return ret, err
+	}
+)
+
+func platformStartupChannels(runner commandRunner) []promptChannel {
+	return []promptChannel{
+		{
+			name: "windows-toast",
+			available: func() error {
+				_, err := findPowerShell(runner)
+				return err
+			},
+			run: func(req promptRequest) error {
+				name, err := findPowerShell(runner)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+				return runner.Run(promptCommandTimeout, []string{
+					"NEX_TOAST_TITLE=" + req.title,
+					"NEX_TOAST_BODY=" + req.message,
+				}, name, "-NoProfile", "-NonInteractive", "-ExecutionPolicy", "Bypass", "-EncodedCommand", encodePowerShellCommand(windowsToastScript()))
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "windows-messagebox",
+			available: func() error {
+				return messageBoxAvailable()
+			},
+			run: func(req promptRequest) error {
+				return messageBox(req.title, req.message, messageBoxStartupFlags())
+			},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func findPowerShell(runner commandRunner) (string, error) {
+	for _, name := range []string{"powershell.exe", "powershell"} {
+		if _, err := runner.LookPath(name); err == nil {
+			return name, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("PowerShell 不可用")
+}
+
+func windowsToastScript() string {
+	return `$ErrorActionPreference = 'Stop'
+Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Runtime.WindowsRuntime
+$template = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastTemplateType]::ToastText02
+$xml = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager]::GetTemplateContent($template)
+$texts = $xml.GetElementsByTagName('text')
+$texts.Item(0).AppendChild($xml.CreateTextNode($env:NEX_TOAST_TITLE)) | Out-Null
+$texts.Item(1).AppendChild($xml.CreateTextNode($env:NEX_TOAST_BODY)) | Out-Null
+$toast = [Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotification]::new($xml)
+[Windows.UI.Notifications.ToastNotificationManager]::CreateToastNotifier('Nex').Show($toast)`
+}
+
+func encodePowerShellCommand(script string) string {
+	encoded := utf16.Encode([]rune(script))
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, len(encoded)*2)
+	for _, value := range encoded {
+		buf = append(buf, byte(value), byte(value>>8))
+	}
+	return base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(buf)
+}
+
+func messageBoxAvailable() error {
+	if _, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString("Nex"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if _, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString("test"); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return procMessageBoxW.Find()
+}
+
+func messageBoxStartupFlags() uint {
+	return mbOK | mbIconError | mbTaskModal | mbSetForeground | mbTopMost
+}
+
+func messageBox(title, message string, flags uint) error {
+	titlePtr, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(title)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	messagePtr, err := syscall.UTF16PtrFromString(message)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	ret, callErr := callMessageBoxW(
+		0,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(messagePtr)),
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(titlePtr)),
+		uintptr(flags),
+	)
+	if ret != 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if callErr != nil && !errors.Is(callErr, syscall.Errno(0)) {
+		return callErr
+	}
+
+	return fmt.Errorf("MessageBoxW 调用失败")
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/icon_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"runtime"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/embedfs"
+)
+
+func TestIconSelection_Windows(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
+		t.Skip("图标格式选择测试仅在 Windows 上运行")
+	}
+
+	if err := testIconLoad("assets/icon.ico"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Windows 应加载 .ico 文件: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIconSelection_NonWindows(t *testing.T) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		t.Skip("图标格式选择测试在非 Windows 平台运行")
+	}
+
+	if err := testIconLoad("assets/icon.png"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("非 Windows 平台应加载 .png 文件: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func testIconLoad(path string) error {
+	_, err := embedfs.Assets.ReadFile(path)
+	return err
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/icon_windows.rc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+1 ICON "../../../assets/icon.ico"

backend/cmd/desktop/main.go

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ package main
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io/fs"
-	"log"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
@@ -14,10 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
-	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-	"github.com/getlantern/systray"
-	"github.com/gofrs/flock"
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"nex/embedfs"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/config"
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
@@ -29,9 +26,14 @@ import (
 	"nex/backend/internal/provider"
 	"nex/backend/internal/repository"
 	"nex/backend/internal/service"
-	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
+	"nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo"
 
-	"nex/embedfs"
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/gofrs/flock"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+
+	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 var (
@@ -39,30 +41,79 @@ var (
 	zapLogger      *zap.Logger
 	shutdownCtx    context.Context
 	shutdownCancel context.CancelFunc
+	desktopHooks   = defaultDesktopRuntimeHooks()
 )
 
+type singletonLocker interface {
+	Lock() error
+	Unlock() error
+}
+
+type desktopRuntimeHooks struct {
+	loadConfig       func() (*config.Config, config.ConfigMetadata, error)
+	newLock          func(string) singletonLocker
+	listen           func(int) (net.Listener, error)
+	upgradeLogger    func(*zap.Logger, pkgLogger.Config) (*zap.Logger, error)
+	initDB           func(*config.DatabaseConfig, *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, error)
+	closeDB          func(*gorm.DB)
+	registerAdapters func(conversion.AdapterRegistry) error
+	setupStaticFiles func(*gin.Engine) error
+	startServer      func(*http.Server, net.Listener, chan<- error, *zap.Logger)
+	setupSystray     func(int, <-chan error) error
+}
+
+func defaultDesktopRuntimeHooks() desktopRuntimeHooks {
+	return desktopRuntimeHooks{
+		loadConfig:       config.LoadDesktopConfigWithMetadata,
+		newLock:          func(lockPath string) singletonLocker { return NewSingletonLock(lockPath) },
+		listen:           listenDesktopPort,
+		upgradeLogger:    pkgLogger.Upgrade,
+		initDB:           database.Init,
+		closeDB:          database.Close,
+		registerAdapters: registerDesktopAdapters,
+		setupStaticFiles: setupStaticFiles,
+		startServer:      startDesktopServer,
+		setupSystray:     setupSystray,
+	}
+}
+
 func main() {
-	port := 9826
-
-	singleLock := NewSingletonLock(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway.lock"))
-	if err := singleLock.Lock(); err != nil {
-		showError("Nex Gateway", "已有 Nex 实例运行")
+	minimalLogger := pkgLogger.NewMinimal()
+	if err := runDesktop(minimalLogger); err != nil {
+		reportStartupFailure(err, dialogLogger())
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}
-	defer singleLock.Unlock()
+}
 
-	if err := checkPortAvailable(port); err != nil {
-		showError("Nex Gateway", err.Error())
-		os.Exit(1)
+func runDesktop(minimalLogger *zap.Logger) error {
+	if minimalLogger == nil {
+		minimalLogger = pkgLogger.NewMinimal()
 	}
 
-	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig()
+	cfg, cfgMeta, err := desktopHooks.loadConfig()
 	if err != nil {
-		showError("Nex Gateway", fmt.Sprintf("加载配置失败: %v", err))
-		os.Exit(1)
+		return newStartupError(phaseConfig, desktopConfigErrorMessage(getDesktopConfigPath(), err), err)
 	}
 
-	zapLogger, err = pkgLogger.New(pkgLogger.Config{
+	port := cfg.Server.Port
+
+	singleLock := desktopHooks.newLock(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway.lock"))
+	if err := singleLock.Lock(); err != nil {
+		return newStartupError(phaseSingleton, "已有 Nex 实例运行", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if err := singleLock.Unlock(); err != nil {
+			minimalLogger.Warn("释放实例锁失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	listener, err := desktopHooks.listen(port)
+	if err != nil {
+		return newStartupError(phasePort, desktopPortUnavailableMessage(port), err)
+	}
+	defer listener.Close()
+
+	zapLogger, err = desktopHooks.upgradeLogger(minimalLogger, pkgLogger.Config{
 		Level:      cfg.Log.Level,
 		Path:       cfg.Log.Path,
 		MaxSize:    cfg.Log.MaxSize,
@@ -71,17 +122,27 @@ func main() {
 		Compress:   cfg.Log.Compress,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		showError("Nex Gateway", fmt.Sprintf("初始化日志失败: %v", err))
-		os.Exit(1)
+		return newStartupError(phaseLogger, fmt.Sprintf("初始化日志失败\n\n日志目录: %s\n\n请检查目录权限或磁盘空间", cfg.Log.Path), err)
 	}
-	defer zapLogger.Sync()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := zapLogger.Sync(); err != nil {
+			minimalLogger.Warn("同步日志失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
 
-	db, err := database.Init(&cfg.Database, zapLogger)
+	cfg.PrintSummary(zapLogger)
+
+	db, err := desktopHooks.initDB(&cfg.Database, zapLogger)
 	if err != nil {
-		showError("Nex Gateway", fmt.Sprintf("初始化数据库失败: %v", err))
-		os.Exit(1)
+		phase := phaseDatabase
+		message := fmt.Sprintf("数据库初始化失败\n\n请检查数据库配置、文件权限或连接状态\n\n%v", err)
+		if errors.Is(err, database.ErrMigration) {
+			phase = phaseMigration
+			message = fmt.Sprintf("数据库迁移失败\n\n请查看日志或检查数据库迁移权限\n\n%v", err)
+		}
+		return newStartupError(phase, message, err)
 	}
-	defer database.Close(db)
+	defer desktopHooks.closeDB(db)
 
 	providerRepo := repository.NewProviderRepository(db)
 	modelRepo := repository.NewModelRepository(db)
@@ -104,20 +165,19 @@ func main() {
 	statsService := service.NewStatsService(statsRepo, statsBuffer)
 
 	registry := conversion.NewMemoryRegistry()
-	if err := registry.Register(openai.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 OpenAI 适配器失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
-	}
-	if err := registry.Register(anthropic.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 Anthropic 适配器失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+	if err := desktopHooks.registerAdapters(registry); err != nil {
+		return newStartupError(phaseAdapter, startupInternalErrorMessage(), err)
 	}
 	engine := conversion.NewConversionEngine(registry, zapLogger)
 
-	providerClient := provider.NewClient()
+	providerClient := provider.NewClient(zapLogger)
 
-	proxyHandler := handler.NewProxyHandler(engine, providerClient, routingService, providerService, statsService)
+	proxyHandler := handler.NewProxyHandler(engine, providerClient, routingService, providerService, statsService, zapLogger)
 	providerHandler := handler.NewProviderHandler(providerService)
 	modelHandler := handler.NewModelHandler(modelService)
 	statsHandler := handler.NewStatsHandler(statsService)
+	versionHandler := handler.NewVersionHandler()
+	settingsHandler := handler.NewSettingsHandler(cfg, "desktop", true, cfgMeta.ConfigPath)
 
 	gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
 	r := gin.New()
@@ -127,37 +187,65 @@ func main() {
 	r.Use(middleware.Logging(zapLogger))
 	r.Use(middleware.CORS())
 
-	setupRoutes(r, proxyHandler, providerHandler, modelHandler, statsHandler)
-	setupStaticFiles(r)
+	setupRoutes(r, proxyHandler, providerHandler, modelHandler, statsHandler, versionHandler, settingsHandler)
+	if err := desktopHooks.setupStaticFiles(r); err != nil {
+		return newStartupError(phaseStaticResource, startupInternalErrorMessage(), err)
+	}
 
 	server = &http.Server{
-		Addr:         fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port),
+		Addr:         desktopListenAddr(port),
 		Handler:      r,
 		ReadTimeout:  cfg.Server.ReadTimeout,
 		WriteTimeout: cfg.Server.WriteTimeout,
 	}
 
 	shutdownCtx, shutdownCancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	defer doShutdown()
 
-	go func() {
-		zapLogger.Info("AI Gateway 启动", zap.String("addr", server.Addr))
-		if err := server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-			zapLogger.Fatal("服务器启动失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
-		}
-	}()
+	serverErrCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	desktopHooks.startServer(server, listener, serverErrCh, zapLogger)
+	select {
+	case err := <-serverErrCh:
+		return newStartupError(phaseServer, startupServerErrorMessage(), err)
+	case <-time.After(50 * time.Millisecond):
+	}
 
-	go func() {
-		time.Sleep(500 * time.Millisecond)
-		if err := openBrowser(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", port)); err != nil {
-			zapLogger.Warn("无法打开浏览器", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
-		}
-	}()
+	if err := desktopHooks.setupSystray(port, serverErrCh); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
 
-	setupSystray(port)
+	select {
+	case err := <-serverErrCh:
+		return newStartupError(phaseServer, startupServerErrorMessage(), err)
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
 }
 
-func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHandler *handler.ProviderHandler, modelHandler *handler.ModelHandler, statsHandler *handler.StatsHandler) {
-	r.Any("/v1/*path", proxyHandler.HandleProxy)
+func registerDesktopAdapters(registry conversion.AdapterRegistry) error {
+	if err := registry.Register(openai.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return registry.Register(anthropic.NewAdapter())
+}
+
+func startDesktopServer(server *http.Server, listener net.Listener, serverErrCh chan<- error, logger *zap.Logger) {
+	go func() {
+		logger.Info("AI Gateway 启动",
+			zap.String("addr", server.Addr),
+			zap.String("version", buildinfo.Version()),
+			zap.String("commit", buildinfo.Commit()),
+			zap.String("build_time", buildinfo.BuildTime()))
+		if err := server.Serve(listener); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			serverErrCh <- err
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHandler *handler.ProviderHandler, modelHandler *handler.ModelHandler, statsHandler *handler.StatsHandler, versionHandler *handler.VersionHandler, settingsHandler *handler.SettingsHandler) {
+	r.Any("/openai/*path", withProtocol("openai", proxyHandler.HandleProxy))
+	r.Any("/anthropic/*path", withProtocol("anthropic", proxyHandler.HandleProxy))
+	r.GET("/api/version", versionHandler.GetVersion)
 
 	providers := r.Group("/api/providers")
 	{
@@ -183,17 +271,38 @@ func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHand
 		stats.GET("/aggregate", statsHandler.AggregateStats)
 	}
 
+	settings := r.Group("/api/settings")
+	{
+		settings.GET("/startup", settingsHandler.GetStartupSettings)
+		settings.PUT("/startup", settingsHandler.SaveStartupSettings)
+	}
+
 	r.GET("/health", func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
 	})
 }
 
-func setupStaticFiles(r *gin.Engine) {
-	distFS, err := fs.Sub(embedfs.FrontendDist, "frontend-dist")
-	if err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("无法加载前端资源", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+func withProtocol(protocol string, next gin.HandlerFunc) gin.HandlerFunc {
+	return func(c *gin.Context) {
+		c.Params = append(c.Params, gin.Param{Key: "protocol", Value: protocol})
+		next(c)
 	}
+}
 
+func setupStaticFiles(r *gin.Engine) error {
+	distFS, err := frontendDistFS()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, distFS)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func frontendDistFS() (fs.FS, error) {
+	return fs.Sub(embedfs.FrontendDist, "frontend-dist")
+}
+
+func setupStaticFilesWithFS(r *gin.Engine, distFS fs.FS) {
 	getContentType := func(path string) string {
 		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".js") {
 			return "application/javascript"
@@ -226,20 +335,23 @@ func setupStaticFiles(r *gin.Engine) {
 		c.Data(200, getContentType(filepath), data)
 	})
 
-	r.GET("/favicon.svg", func(c *gin.Context) {
-		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "favicon.svg")
+	r.GET("/icon.png", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "icon.png")
 		if err != nil {
 			c.Status(404)
 			return
 		}
-		c.Data(200, "image/svg+xml", data)
+		c.Data(200, "image/png", data)
 	})
 
 	r.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
 		path := c.Request.URL.Path
 
 		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/api/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v1/") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/openai/") ||
+			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/anthropic/") ||
+			path == "/openai" ||
+			path == "/anthropic" ||
 			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/health") {
 			c.JSON(404, gin.H{"error": "not found"})
 			return
@@ -254,44 +366,6 @@ func setupStaticFiles(r *gin.Engine) {
 	})
 }
 
-func setupSystray(port int) {
-	systray.Run(func() {
-		icon, err := embedfs.Assets.ReadFile("assets/icon.png")
-		if err != nil {
-			zapLogger.Error("无法加载托盘图标", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
-		}
-		systray.SetIcon(icon)
-		systray.SetTitle("Nex Gateway")
-		systray.SetTooltip("AI Gateway")
-
-		mOpen := systray.AddMenuItem("打开管理界面", "在浏览器中打开")
-		systray.AddSeparator()
-		mStatus := systray.AddMenuItem("状态: 运行中", "")
-		mStatus.Disable()
-		mPort := systray.AddMenuItem(fmt.Sprintf("端口: %d", port), "")
-		mPort.Disable()
-		systray.AddSeparator()
-		mAbout := systray.AddMenuItem("关于", "")
-		systray.AddSeparator()
-		mQuit := systray.AddMenuItem("退出", "停止服务并退出")
-
-		go func() {
-			for {
-				select {
-				case <-mOpen.ClickedCh:
-					openBrowser(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", port))
-				case <-mAbout.ClickedCh:
-					showAbout()
-				case <-mQuit.ClickedCh:
-					doShutdown()
-					systray.Quit()
-					return
-				}
-			}
-		}()
-	}, nil)
-}
-
 func doShutdown() {
 	if zapLogger != nil {
 		zapLogger.Info("正在关闭服务器...")
@@ -300,7 +374,9 @@ func doShutdown() {
 	if server != nil {
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
-		server.Shutdown(ctx)
+		if err := server.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil && zapLogger != nil {
+			zapLogger.Warn("关闭服务器失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
 	}
 
 	if shutdownCancel != nil {
@@ -308,13 +384,36 @@ func doShutdown() {
 	}
 }
 
-func checkPortAvailable(port int) error {
-	ln, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port))
+func getDesktopConfigPath() string {
+	configDir, err := config.GetConfigDir()
 	if err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("端口 %d 已被占用\n\n可能原因:\n- 已有 Nex 实例运行\n- 其他程序占用了该端口\n\n请检查并关闭占用端口的程序", port)
+		return "~/.nex/config.yaml"
 	}
-	ln.Close()
-	return nil
+	return filepath.Join(configDir, "config.yaml")
+}
+
+func desktopConfigErrorMessage(configPath string, err error) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("加载配置失败\n\n配置文件: %s\n\n%v", configPath, err)
+}
+
+func desktopListenAddr(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(":%d", port)
+}
+
+func desktopURL(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d", port)
+}
+
+func desktopPortMenuTitle(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("端口: %d", port)
+}
+
+func listenDesktopPort(port int) (net.Listener, error) {
+	return net.Listen("tcp", desktopListenAddr(port))
+}
+
+func desktopPortUnavailableMessage(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("端口 %d 已被占用\n\n可能原因:\n- 已有 Nex 实例运行\n- 其他程序占用了该端口\n\n请检查并关闭占用端口的程序", port)
 }
 
 type SingletonLock struct {
@@ -338,8 +437,8 @@ func (s *SingletonLock) Lock() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func (s *SingletonLock) Unlock() {
-	s.flock.Unlock()
+func (s *SingletonLock) Unlock() error {
+	return s.flock.Unlock()
 }
 
 func openBrowser(url string) error {
@@ -366,28 +465,3 @@ func openBrowser(url string) error {
 
 	return cmd.Start()
 }
-
-func showError(title, message string) {
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "darwin":
-		script := fmt.Sprintf(`display dialog "%s" buttons {"OK"} default button "OK" with title "%s"`, message, title)
-		exec.Command("osascript", "-e", script).Run()
-	case "windows":
-		exec.Command("msg", "*", message).Run()
-	case "linux":
-		exec.Command("zenity", "--error", fmt.Sprintf("--title=%s", title), fmt.Sprintf("--text=%s", message)).Run()
-	}
-}
-
-func showAbout() {
-	message := "Nex Gateway\n\nAI Gateway - 统一的大模型 API 网关\n\nhttps://github.com/nex/gateway"
-	switch runtime.GOOS {
-	case "darwin":
-		script := fmt.Sprintf(`display dialog "%s" buttons {"OK"} default button "OK" with title "关于 Nex Gateway"`, message)
-		exec.Command("osascript", "-e", script).Run()
-	case "windows":
-		exec.Command("msg", "*", message).Run()
-	case "linux":
-		exec.Command("zenity", "--info", "--title=关于 Nex Gateway", fmt.Sprintf("--text=%s", message)).Run()
-	}
-}

backend/cmd/desktop/messagebox_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+//go:build windows
+
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func withMessageBoxW(t *testing.T, fn func(hwnd, text, caption, flags uintptr) (uintptr, error)) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	old := callMessageBoxW
+	callMessageBoxW = fn
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		callMessageBoxW = old
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMessageBoxW_WindowsOnly_InvalidUTF16(t *testing.T) {
+	err := messageBox("bad\x00title", "测试消息", mbIconInformation)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("包含 NUL 字符时应该返回错误")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMessageBoxW_WindowsOnly_SuccessIgnoresLastError(t *testing.T) {
+	withMessageBoxW(t, func(_, _, _, _ uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		return 1, syscall.Errno(123)
+	})
+
+	if err := messageBox("测试标题", "测试消息", mbIconInformation); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MessageBoxW 返回成功时应忽略 last error: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMessageBoxW_WindowsOnly_FailureUsesReturnValue(t *testing.T) {
+	withMessageBoxW(t, func(_, _, _, _ uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		return 0, syscall.Errno(5)
+	})
+
+	err := messageBox("测试标题", "测试消息", mbIconInformation)
+	if !errors.Is(err, syscall.Errno(5)) {
+		t.Fatalf("MessageBoxW 返回 0 时应返回调用错误: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShowError_WindowsBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	old := buildPromptChannels
+	buildPromptChannels = func(commandRunner) []promptChannel {
+		return []promptChannel{{
+			name:      "fake-failed-channel",
+			available: func() error { return nil },
+			run:       func(promptRequest) error { return syscall.Errno(5) },
+		}}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { buildPromptChannels = old })
+
+	defer func() {
+		if recovered := recover(); recovered != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("showError 不应因 MessageBoxW 失败而 panic: %v", recovered)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	showError("测试错误", "这是一条测试错误消息")
+}
+
+func TestMessageBoxW_WindowsOnly_StartupFlags(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotFlags uintptr
+	withMessageBoxW(t, func(_, _, _, flags uintptr) (uintptr, error) {
+		gotFlags = flags
+		return 1, syscall.Errno(0)
+	})
+
+	if err := messageBox("测试标题", "测试消息", messageBoxStartupFlags()); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("MessageBoxW 应成功: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, flag := range []uint{mbIconError, mbTaskModal, mbSetForeground, mbTopMost} {
+		if gotFlags&uintptr(flag) == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("startup flags 缺少 0x%x，实际: 0x%x", flag, gotFlags)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWindowsStartupChannelsUseToastBeforeMessageBox(t *testing.T) {
+	runner := &fakeCommandRunner{paths: map[string]bool{"powershell.exe": true}}
+	channels := platformStartupChannels(runner)
+	if len(channels) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Windows 应有 Toast 和 MessageBox 两级通道，实际: %d", len(channels))
+	}
+
+	if channels[0].name != "windows-toast" || channels[1].name != "windows-messagebox" {
+		t.Fatalf("Windows 通道顺序错误: %s, %s", channels[0].name, channels[1].name)
+	}
+	if err := channels[0].available(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("PowerShell 存在时 Toast 通道应可用: %v", err)
+	}
+	if err := channels[0].run(promptRequest{title: "Nex 启动失败", message: "端口被占用"}); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Toast fake runner 应执行成功: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(runner.calls) != 1 || runner.calls[0].name != "powershell.exe" {
+		t.Fatalf("Toast 应调用 powershell.exe，实际: %#v", runner.calls)
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/metadata.go

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+package main
+
+const (
+	appName        = "Nex"
+	appTooltip     = appName
+	appDescription = "AI Gateway - 统一的大模型 API 网关"
+	// #nosec G101 -- 项目官网地址不是凭据
+	appWebsite = "https://github.com/nex/gateway"
+)

backend/cmd/desktop/metadata_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package main
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestDesktopMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	if appName != "Nex" {
+		t.Fatalf("appName = %q, want %q", appName, "Nex")
+	}
+
+	if appTooltip != appName {
+		t.Fatalf("appTooltip = %q, want %q", appTooltip, appName)
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/migration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/internal/database"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func TestDesktop_InitMigrationsWithoutSourceTree(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+
+	origDir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err == nil {
+		defer func() {
+			if chdirErr := os.Chdir(origDir); chdirErr != nil {
+				t.Logf("无法恢复工作目录: %v", chdirErr)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	if chdirErr := os.Chdir(tmpDir); chdirErr != nil {
+		t.Skipf("无法切换到临时目录: %v", chdirErr)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "sqlite",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(tmpDir, "nex-test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := database.Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("在无源码目录环境下数据库初始化应成功，但返回错误: %v", err)
+	}
+	database.Close(db)
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/port_test.go

@@ -1,69 +1,69 @@
 package main
 
 import (
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 )
 
-func TestCheckPortAvailable(t *testing.T) {
-	port := 19826
-
-	err := checkPortAvailable(port)
+func TestListenDesktopPortReturnsReusableListener(t *testing.T) {
+	listener, err := listenDesktopPort(0)
 	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("端口 %d 应该可用: %v", port, err)
-	}
-
-	t.Log("端口可用测试通过")
-}
-
-func TestCheckPortOccupied(t *testing.T) {
-	port := 19827
-
-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":19827")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("无法启动测试服务器: %v", err)
+		t.Fatalf("listener-first 应直接获取配置端口 listener: %v", err)
 	}
 	defer listener.Close()
 
+	server := &http.Server{ReadHeaderTimeout: time.Second}
+	done := make(chan struct{})
 	go func() {
-		conn, err := listener.Accept()
-		if err == nil {
-			conn.Close()
+		defer close(done)
+		err := server.Serve(listener)
+		if err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed && !errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
+			t.Errorf("使用同一个 listener 启动 server 失败: %v", err)
 		}
 	}()
 
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	err = checkPortAvailable(port)
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("端口被占用时应该返回错误")
+	if err := server.Close(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("关闭测试 server 失败: %v", err)
 	}
-
-	t.Log("端口占用检测测试通过")
+	<-done
 }
 
-func TestCheckPortAvailableAfterClose(t *testing.T) {
-	port := 19828
-
-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", ":19828")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("无法启动测试服务器: %v", err)
+func TestGetDesktopConfigPath(t *testing.T) {
+	path := getDesktopConfigPath()
+	if path == "" {
+		t.Fatal("getDesktopConfigPath 应返回非空路径")
 	}
-
-	server := &http.Server{}
-	go server.Serve(listener)
-
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	listener.Close()
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	err = checkPortAvailable(port)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("端口关闭后应该可用: %v", err)
+	if !strings.Contains(path, "config.yaml") {
+		t.Fatalf("路径应包含 config.yaml，实际: %s", path)
+	}
+	t.Log("getDesktopConfigPath 测试通过")
+}
+
+func TestDesktopConfiguredPortHelpers(t *testing.T) {
+	port := 19830
+
+	if got := desktopListenAddr(port); got != ":19830" {
+		t.Fatalf("HTTP 监听地址应使用配置端口，实际: %s", got)
+	}
+	if got := desktopURL(port); got != "http://localhost:19830" {
+		t.Fatalf("浏览器 URL 应使用配置端口，实际: %s", got)
+	}
+	if got := desktopPortMenuTitle(port); got != "端口: 19830" {
+		t.Fatalf("托盘端口显示应使用配置端口，实际: %s", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDesktopConfigErrorMessageContainsPathAndReason(t *testing.T) {
+	msg := desktopConfigErrorMessage("/tmp/nex/config.yaml", errors.New("yaml parse failed"))
+
+	if !strings.Contains(msg, "/tmp/nex/config.yaml") {
+		t.Fatalf("配置错误提示应包含配置路径，实际: %s", msg)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(msg, "yaml parse failed") {
+		t.Fatalf("配置错误提示应包含失败原因，实际: %s", msg)
 	}
-
-	t.Log("端口关闭后可用测试通过")
 }

backend/cmd/desktop/reporter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+const promptCommandTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+type promptRequest struct {
+	title    string
+	message  string
+	subtitle string
+}
+
+type promptChannel struct {
+	name      string
+	available func() error
+	run       func(promptRequest) error
+}
+
+type commandRunner interface {
+	LookPath(file string) (string, error)
+	Run(timeout time.Duration, env []string, name string, args ...string) error
+}
+
+type defaultCommandRunner struct{}
+
+var buildPromptChannels = platformStartupChannels
+
+func (defaultCommandRunner) LookPath(file string) (string, error) {
+	return exec.LookPath(file)
+}
+
+func (defaultCommandRunner) Run(timeout time.Duration, env []string, name string, args ...string) error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), timeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
+	if len(env) > 0 {
+		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), env...)
+	}
+
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func showError(title, message string) {
+	reportPrompt(promptRequest{title: title, message: message}, os.Stderr, dialogLogger())
+}
+
+func reportStartupFailure(err error, logger *zap.Logger) {
+	if err == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	var startupErr *startupError
+	if !errors.As(err, &startupErr) {
+		startupErr = newStartupError(phaseServer, startupServerErrorMessage(), err)
+	}
+
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = dialogLogger()
+	}
+	logger.Error("desktop 启动失败",
+		zap.String("phase", startupErr.Phase()),
+		zap.Error(startupErr))
+
+	reportPrompt(promptRequest{
+		title:    startupTitle(),
+		message:  startupErr.UserMessage(),
+		subtitle: startupErr.Phase(),
+	}, os.Stderr, logger)
+}
+
+func reportPrompt(req promptRequest, fallback io.Writer, logger *zap.Logger) {
+	runPromptPipeline(req, buildPromptChannels(defaultCommandRunner{}), fallback, logger)
+}
+
+func runPromptPipeline(req promptRequest, channels []promptChannel, fallback io.Writer, logger *zap.Logger) {
+	if logger == nil {
+		logger = dialogLogger()
+	}
+
+	for _, channel := range channels {
+		if channel.available != nil {
+			if err := channel.available(); err != nil {
+				logger.Warn("提示通道不可用", zap.String("channel", channel.name), zap.Error(err))
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := channel.run(req); err != nil {
+			logger.Warn("提示通道执行失败", zap.String("channel", channel.name), zap.Error(err))
+			continue
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	writePromptFallback(fallback, req.title, req.message)
+}
+
+func writePromptFallback(w io.Writer, title, message string) {
+	if w == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if _, err := io.WriteString(w, "错误: "+title+": "+message+"\n"); err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/reporter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zaptest/observer"
+)
+
+type commandCall struct {
+	timeout time.Duration
+	env     []string
+	name    string
+	args    []string
+}
+
+type fakeCommandRunner struct {
+	paths   map[string]bool
+	runErrs map[string]error
+	calls   []commandCall
+}
+
+func (r *fakeCommandRunner) LookPath(file string) (string, error) {
+	if r.paths[file] {
+		return "/usr/bin/" + file, nil
+	}
+	return "", exec.ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func (r *fakeCommandRunner) Run(timeout time.Duration, env []string, name string, args ...string) error {
+	r.calls = append(r.calls, commandCall{
+		timeout: timeout,
+		env:     append([]string(nil), env...),
+		name:    name,
+		args:    append([]string(nil), args...),
+	})
+	if err := r.runErrs[name]; err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func TestRunPromptPipelineFallbackOrder(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls []string
+	channels := []promptChannel{
+		{
+			name: "unavailable",
+			available: func() error {
+				calls = append(calls, "available-1")
+				return errors.New("missing")
+			},
+			run: func(promptRequest) error {
+				calls = append(calls, "run-1")
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "failed",
+			available: func() error {
+				calls = append(calls, "available-2")
+				return nil
+			},
+			run: func(promptRequest) error {
+				calls = append(calls, "run-2")
+				return errors.New("failed")
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "success",
+			available: func() error {
+				calls = append(calls, "available-3")
+				return nil
+			},
+			run: func(promptRequest) error {
+				calls = append(calls, "run-3")
+				return nil
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	var fallback bytes.Buffer
+	runPromptPipeline(promptRequest{title: "Nex 启动失败", message: "启动失败"}, channels, &fallback, zap.NewNop())
+
+	want := []string{"available-1", "available-2", "run-2", "available-3", "run-3"}
+	if fmt.Sprint(calls) != fmt.Sprint(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("调用顺序 = %v, want %v", calls, want)
+	}
+	if fallback.Len() != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("成功通道后不应写入 fallback，实际: %s", fallback.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunPromptPipelineWritesFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	channels := []promptChannel{
+		{
+			name:      "unavailable",
+			available: func() error { return errors.New("missing") },
+			run:       func(promptRequest) error { return nil },
+		},
+	}
+
+	var fallback bytes.Buffer
+	runPromptPipeline(promptRequest{title: "Nex 启动失败", message: "端口被占用"}, channels, &fallback, zap.NewNop())
+
+	want := "错误: Nex 启动失败: 端口被占用\n"
+	if fallback.String() != want {
+		t.Fatalf("fallback = %q, want %q", fallback.String(), want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestReportStartupFailureLogsRedactedError(t *testing.T) {
+	old := buildPromptChannels
+	buildPromptChannels = func(commandRunner) []promptChannel {
+		return []promptChannel{{name: "fake-success", run: func(promptRequest) error { return nil }}}
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { buildPromptChannels = old })
+
+	core, logs := observer.New(zap.ErrorLevel)
+	logger := zap.New(core)
+	err := errors.New("数据库连接失败: nex:secret@tcp(localhost:3306)/nex password=secret api_key=sk-test")
+
+	reportStartupFailure(err, logger)
+
+	entries := logs.All()
+	if len(entries) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("应记录 1 条错误日志，实际: %d", len(entries))
+	}
+	fields := fmt.Sprint(entries[0].ContextMap())
+	for _, secret := range []string{"secret", "sk-test"} {
+		if strings.Contains(fields, secret) {
+			t.Fatalf("启动失败日志不应包含敏感信息 %q，实际: %s", secret, fields)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/routes_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/handler"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestSetupRoutes_VersionDoesNotFallback(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	setupRoutes(r, &handler.ProxyHandler{}, &handler.ProviderHandler{}, &handler.ModelHandler{}, &handler.StatsHandler{}, handler.NewVersionHandler(), handler.NewSettingsHandler(nil, "desktop", true, ""))
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, fstest.MapFS{
+		"index.html": {Data: []byte("<html>fallback</html>")},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/version", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+	if contentType := w.Header().Get("Content-Type"); contentType == "text/html; charset=utf-8" {
+		t.Fatalf("版本接口不应返回 SPA fallback HTML")
+	}
+
+	var result map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解析响应失败: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"version", "commit", "build_time"} {
+		if result[key] == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("响应缺少 %s 字段: %#v", key, result)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/run_desktop_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,332 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
+	"nex/backend/internal/database"
+	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"gorm.io/gorm"
+)
+
+type fakeDesktopLock struct {
+	lockErr     error
+	unlockCount atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func (l *fakeDesktopLock) Lock() error {
+	return l.lockErr
+}
+
+func (l *fakeDesktopLock) Unlock() error {
+	l.unlockCount.Add(1)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (l *fakeDesktopLock) unlocked() bool {
+	return l.unlockCount.Load() > 0
+}
+
+type recordingListener struct {
+	net.Listener
+	closeCount atomic.Int32
+}
+
+func newRecordingListener(t *testing.T) *recordingListener {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("创建测试 listener 失败: %v", err)
+	}
+	return &recordingListener{Listener: listener}
+}
+
+func (l *recordingListener) Close() error {
+	l.closeCount.Add(1)
+	return l.Listener.Close()
+}
+
+func (l *recordingListener) closed() bool {
+	return l.closeCount.Load() > 0
+}
+
+func testDesktopConfig(t *testing.T) *config.Config {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	tmpDir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := config.DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Server.Port = 0
+	cfg.Database.Driver = "sqlite"
+	cfg.Database.Path = filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.db")
+	cfg.Log.Path = filepath.Join(tmpDir, "log")
+	return cfg
+}
+
+func installDesktopTestHooks(t *testing.T, cfg *config.Config, mutate func(*desktopRuntimeHooks)) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	oldHooks := desktopHooks
+	oldServer := server
+	oldLogger := zapLogger
+	oldShutdownCtx := shutdownCtx
+	oldShutdownCancel := shutdownCancel
+
+	server = nil
+	zapLogger = nil
+	shutdownCtx = nil
+	shutdownCancel = nil
+
+	hooks := defaultDesktopRuntimeHooks()
+	if cfg != nil {
+		hooks.loadConfig = func() (*config.Config, config.ConfigMetadata, error) {
+			return cfg, config.ConfigMetadata{ConfigPath: filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "config.yaml")}, nil
+		}
+	}
+	hooks.upgradeLogger = func(_ *zap.Logger, _ pkgLogger.Config) (*zap.Logger, error) {
+		return zap.NewNop(), nil
+	}
+	hooks.setupStaticFiles = func(*gin.Engine) error { return nil }
+	hooks.startServer = func(*http.Server, net.Listener, chan<- error, *zap.Logger) {}
+	hooks.setupSystray = func(int, <-chan error) error { return nil }
+
+	if mutate != nil {
+		mutate(&hooks)
+	}
+	desktopHooks = hooks
+
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		if server != nil {
+			_ = server.Close()
+		}
+		desktopHooks = oldHooks
+		server = oldServer
+		zapLogger = oldLogger
+		shutdownCtx = oldShutdownCtx
+		shutdownCancel = oldShutdownCancel
+	})
+}
+
+func requireStartupPhase(t *testing.T, err error, want startupPhase) {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("期望 %s 阶段启动错误，实际 nil", want)
+	}
+	var startupErr *startupError
+	if !errors.As(err, &startupErr) {
+		t.Fatalf("期望 startupError，实际: %T %v", err, err)
+	}
+	if startupErr.phase != want {
+		t.Fatalf("phase = %s, want %s", startupErr.phase, want)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDesktopConfigFailureReturnsConfigPhase(t *testing.T) {
+	installDesktopTestHooks(t, nil, func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+		h.loadConfig = func() (*config.Config, config.ConfigMetadata, error) {
+			return nil, config.ConfigMetadata{}, errors.New("yaml 解析失败")
+		}
+	})
+
+	err := runDesktop(zap.NewNop())
+	requireStartupPhase(t, err, phaseConfig)
+}
+
+func TestRunDesktopSingletonFailurePrecedesPortListen(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := testDesktopConfig(t)
+	lock := &fakeDesktopLock{lockErr: errors.New("已有实例运行")}
+	listenCalled := false
+	installDesktopTestHooks(t, cfg, func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+		h.newLock = func(string) singletonLocker { return lock }
+		h.listen = func(int) (net.Listener, error) {
+			listenCalled = true
+			return nil, errors.New("不应监听端口")
+		}
+	})
+
+	err := runDesktop(zap.NewNop())
+	requireStartupPhase(t, err, phaseSingleton)
+	if listenCalled {
+		t.Fatal("单实例锁失败时不应继续监听端口")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDesktopPortFailureUnlocksSingleton(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := testDesktopConfig(t)
+	lock := &fakeDesktopLock{}
+	installDesktopTestHooks(t, cfg, func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+		h.newLock = func(string) singletonLocker { return lock }
+		h.listen = func(int) (net.Listener, error) { return nil, errors.New("bind failed") }
+	})
+
+	err := runDesktop(zap.NewNop())
+	requireStartupPhase(t, err, phasePort)
+	if !lock.unlocked() {
+		t.Fatal("端口监听失败时应释放单实例锁")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDesktopLoggerFailureClosesListenerAndUnlocks(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := testDesktopConfig(t)
+	lock := &fakeDesktopLock{}
+	listener := newRecordingListener(t)
+	installDesktopTestHooks(t, cfg, func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+		h.newLock = func(string) singletonLocker { return lock }
+		h.listen = func(int) (net.Listener, error) { return listener, nil }
+		h.upgradeLogger = func(*zap.Logger, pkgLogger.Config) (*zap.Logger, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("log permission denied")
+		}
+	})
+
+	err := runDesktop(zap.NewNop())
+	requireStartupPhase(t, err, phaseLogger)
+	if !listener.closed() {
+		t.Fatal("日志初始化失败时应关闭 listener")
+	}
+	if !lock.unlocked() {
+		t.Fatal("日志初始化失败时应释放单实例锁")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDesktopDatabaseFailureClassification(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want startupPhase
+	}{
+		{name: "database", err: errors.New("open failed"), want: phaseDatabase},
+		{name: "migration", err: fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", database.ErrMigration, errors.New("goose failed")), want: phaseMigration},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := testDesktopConfig(t)
+			lock := &fakeDesktopLock{}
+			listener := newRecordingListener(t)
+			installDesktopTestHooks(t, cfg, func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+				h.newLock = func(string) singletonLocker { return lock }
+				h.listen = func(int) (net.Listener, error) { return listener, nil }
+				h.initDB = func(*config.DatabaseConfig, *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, error) { return nil, tt.err }
+			})
+
+			err := runDesktop(zap.NewNop())
+			requireStartupPhase(t, err, tt.want)
+			if !listener.closed() {
+				t.Fatal("数据库失败时应关闭 listener")
+			}
+			if !lock.unlocked() {
+				t.Fatal("数据库失败时应释放单实例锁")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDesktopInternalStartupFailurePhasesAndDatabaseCleanup(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name   string
+		mutate func(*desktopRuntimeHooks)
+		want   startupPhase
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "adapter",
+			mutate: func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+				h.registerAdapters = func(conversion.AdapterRegistry) error { return errors.New("adapter failed") }
+			},
+			want: phaseAdapter,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "static",
+			mutate: func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+				h.setupStaticFiles = func(*gin.Engine) error { return errors.New("missing frontend") }
+			},
+			want: phaseStaticResource,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "server",
+			mutate: func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+				h.startServer = func(_ *http.Server, _ net.Listener, errCh chan<- error, _ *zap.Logger) {
+					errCh <- errors.New("serve failed")
+				}
+			},
+			want: phaseServer,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "tray",
+			mutate: func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+				h.setupSystray = func(int, <-chan error) error {
+					return newStartupError(phaseTray, "托盘初始化失败", errors.New("tray failed"))
+				}
+			},
+			want: phaseTray,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			cfg := testDesktopConfig(t)
+			lock := &fakeDesktopLock{}
+			listener := newRecordingListener(t)
+			closeDBCalled := false
+			installDesktopTestHooks(t, cfg, func(h *desktopRuntimeHooks) {
+				h.newLock = func(string) singletonLocker { return lock }
+				h.listen = func(int) (net.Listener, error) { return listener, nil }
+				h.closeDB = func(db *gorm.DB) {
+					closeDBCalled = true
+					database.Close(db)
+				}
+				tt.mutate(h)
+			})
+
+			err := runDesktop(zap.NewNop())
+			requireStartupPhase(t, err, tt.want)
+			if !closeDBCalled {
+				t.Fatal("数据库初始化后的启动失败应关闭数据库")
+			}
+			if !listener.closed() {
+				t.Fatal("数据库初始化后的启动失败应关闭 listener")
+			}
+			if !lock.unlocked() {
+				t.Fatal("数据库初始化后的启动失败应释放单实例锁")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunDesktopBrowserFailureRemainsNonFatal(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeTrayController()
+	notified := make(chan string, 1)
+	controller.run = func(onReady func(), _ func()) {
+		onReady()
+		<-controller.quitCh
+	}
+
+	err := runSystray(19826, trayOptions{
+		controller:   controller,
+		readyTimeout: time.Second,
+		iconLoader:   func() ([]byte, error) { return []byte("icon"), nil },
+		openBrowser:  func(string) error { return errors.New("no browser") },
+		notify: func(_, message string) {
+			notified <- message
+			controller.Quit()
+		},
+		logger: zap.NewNop(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("浏览器打开失败不应导致 runSystray 返回 fatal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := <-notified; got == "" {
+		t.Fatal("浏览器打开失败应提示用户手动访问")
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/singleton_test.go

@@ -14,7 +14,11 @@ func TestSingletonLock_FirstLockSuccess(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := lock.Lock(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("首次加锁应成功，但返回错误: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer lock.Unlock()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := lock.Unlock(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
 }
 
 func TestSingletonLock_DuplicateLockFails(t *testing.T) {
@@ -25,12 +29,18 @@ func TestSingletonLock_DuplicateLockFails(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := lock1.Lock(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("首次加锁应成功: %v", err)
 	}
-	defer lock1.Unlock()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := lock1.Unlock(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
 
 	lock2 := NewSingletonLock(lockPath)
 	err := lock2.Lock()
 	if err == nil {
-		lock2.Unlock()
+		if unlockErr := lock2.Unlock(); unlockErr != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", unlockErr)
+		}
 		t.Fatal("重复加锁应失败，但返回 nil")
 	}
 }
@@ -43,16 +53,22 @@ func TestSingletonLock_UnlockThenRelock(t *testing.T) {
 	if err := lock1.Lock(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("首次加锁应成功: %v", err)
 	}
-	lock1.Unlock()
+	if err := lock1.Unlock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+	}
 
 	lock2 := NewSingletonLock(lockPath)
 	if err := lock2.Lock(); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("释放后重新加锁应成功: %v", err)
 	}
-	lock2.Unlock()
+	if err := lock2.Unlock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解锁失败: %v", err)
+	}
 }
 
 func TestSingletonLock_UnlockWithoutLock(t *testing.T) {
 	lock := NewSingletonLock(filepath.Join(os.TempDir(), "nex-gateway-test-nil.lock"))
-	lock.Unlock()
+	if err := lock.Unlock(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("未加锁时解锁失败: %v", err)
+	}
 }

backend/cmd/desktop/startup_error.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"regexp"
+)
+
+type startupPhase string
+
+const (
+	phaseConfig         startupPhase = "config"
+	phaseSingleton      startupPhase = "singleton"
+	phasePort           startupPhase = "port"
+	phaseLogger         startupPhase = "logger"
+	phaseDatabase       startupPhase = "database"
+	phaseMigration      startupPhase = "migration"
+	phaseAdapter        startupPhase = "adapter"
+	phaseStaticResource startupPhase = "static"
+	phaseServer         startupPhase = "server"
+	phaseTray           startupPhase = "tray"
+)
+
+type startupError struct {
+	phase   startupPhase
+	message string
+	cause   error
+}
+
+func newStartupError(phase startupPhase, message string, cause error) *startupError {
+	return &startupError{
+		phase:   phase,
+		message: redactSensitive(message),
+		cause:   cause,
+	}
+}
+
+func (e *startupError) Error() string {
+	if e == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if e.cause == nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", e.phase, e.message)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s: %s", e.phase, e.message, redactSensitive(e.cause.Error()))
+}
+
+func (e *startupError) Unwrap() error {
+	if e == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return e.cause
+}
+
+func (e *startupError) Phase() string {
+	if e == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return string(e.phase)
+}
+
+func (e *startupError) UserMessage() string {
+	if e == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return redactSensitive(e.message)
+}
+
+var sensitiveReplacers = []struct {
+	pattern     *regexp.Regexp
+	replacement string
+}{
+	{regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)(password\s*[:=]\s*)[^\s,;&]+`), `${1}<redacted>`},
+	{regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)(api[_-]?key\s*[:=]\s*)[^\s,;&]+`), `${1}<redacted>`},
+	{regexp.MustCompile(`(?i)(secret\s*[:=]\s*)[^\s,;&]+`), `${1}<redacted>`},
+	{regexp.MustCompile(`([^\s:/]+):([^\s@]+)@tcp\(`), `${1}:<redacted>@tcp(`},
+	{regexp.MustCompile(`(://[^\s:/]+):([^\s@]+)@`), `${1}:<redacted>@`},
+}
+
+func redactSensitive(s string) string {
+	for _, replacer := range sensitiveReplacers {
+		s = replacer.pattern.ReplaceAllString(s, replacer.replacement)
+	}
+	return s
+}
+
+func startupTitle() string {
+	return appName + " 启动失败"
+}
+
+func startupServerErrorMessage() string {
+	return "后端服务启动失败\n\n请检查端口占用、网络权限或查看日志获取更多信息"
+}
+
+func startupInternalErrorMessage() string {
+	return "应用初始化失败\n\n请查看日志或重新安装应用"
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/startup_error_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestStartupErrorContainsPhaseAndCause(t *testing.T) {
+	cause := errors.New("底层失败")
+	err := newStartupError(phaseDatabase, "数据库初始化失败", cause)
+
+	if err.Phase() != "database" {
+		t.Fatalf("phase = %q, want database", err.Phase())
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, cause) {
+		t.Fatal("startupError 应保留底层 cause")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "database") {
+		t.Fatalf("错误字符串应包含 phase，实际: %s", err.Error())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStartupErrorRedactsSensitiveUserMessage(t *testing.T) {
+	message := "数据库初始化失败: nex:secret@tcp(localhost:3306)/nex password=secret api_key=sk-test"
+	err := newStartupError(phaseDatabase, message, errors.New("cause password=secret api_key=sk-test"))
+	userMessage := err.UserMessage()
+
+	for _, secret := range []string{"secret", "sk-test"} {
+		if strings.Contains(userMessage, secret) {
+			t.Fatalf("用户提示不应包含敏感信息 %q，实际: %s", secret, userMessage)
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(err.Error(), secret) {
+			t.Fatalf("日志错误字符串不应包含敏感信息 %q，实际: %s", secret, err.Error())
+		}
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(userMessage, "<redacted>") {
+		t.Fatalf("用户提示应包含脱敏占位符，实际: %s", userMessage)
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/static_test.go

@@ -1,72 +1,26 @@
 package main
 
 import (
-	"io/fs"
+	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
+	"testing/fstest"
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
-
-	"nex/embedfs"
 )
 
 func TestSetupStaticFiles(t *testing.T) {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 
-	distFS, err := fs.Sub(embedfs.FrontendDist, "frontend-dist")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Skipf("跳过测试: 前端资源未构建: %v", err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	getContentType := func(path string) string {
-		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".js") {
-			return "application/javascript"
-		}
-		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".css") {
-			return "text/css"
-		}
-		if strings.HasSuffix(path, ".svg") {
-			return "image/svg+xml"
-		}
-		return "application/octet-stream"
-	}
-
 	r := gin.New()
-	r.GET("/assets/*filepath", func(c *gin.Context) {
-		filepath := c.Param("filepath")
-		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "assets"+filepath)
-		if err != nil {
-			c.Status(404)
-			return
-		}
-		c.Data(200, getContentType(filepath), data)
-	})
-
-	r.GET("/favicon.svg", func(c *gin.Context) {
-		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "favicon.svg")
-		if err != nil {
-			c.Status(404)
-			return
-		}
-		c.Data(200, "image/svg+xml", data)
-	})
-
-	r.NoRoute(func(c *gin.Context) {
-		path := c.Request.URL.Path
-		if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/api/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v1/") ||
-			strings.HasPrefix(path, "/health") {
-			c.JSON(404, gin.H{"error": "not found"})
-			return
-		}
-		data, err := fs.ReadFile(distFS, "index.html")
-		if err != nil {
-			c.Status(500)
-			return
-		}
-		c.Data(200, "text/html; charset=utf-8", data)
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, fstest.MapFS{
+		"index.html":       {Data: []byte("<html>fallback</html>")},
+		"icon.png":         {Data: []byte("png")},
+		"assets/test.js":   {Data: []byte("console.log('test')")},
+		"assets/test.css":  {Data: []byte("body {}")},
+		"assets/test.svg":  {Data: []byte("<svg></svg>")},
+		"assets/test.woff": {Data: []byte("font")},
 	})
 
 	t.Run("API 404", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -79,6 +33,32 @@ func TestSetupStaticFiles(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	})
 
+	t.Run("OpenAI proxy prefix 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/openai/", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 404, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "not found") {
+			t.Errorf("期望返回 API 风格错误，实际 %s", w.Body.String())
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Anthropic proxy prefix 404", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/anthropic/", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusNotFound {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 404, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(w.Body.String(), "not found") {
+			t.Errorf("期望返回 API 风格错误，实际 %s", w.Body.String())
+		}
+	})
+
 	t.Run("SPA fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
 		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/providers", nil)
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
@@ -94,13 +74,12 @@ func TestSetupStaticFiles(t *testing.T) {
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 
-		if w.Code == 200 {
-			expected := "application/javascript"
-			if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != expected {
-				t.Errorf("期望 Content-Type %s, 实际 %s", expected, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
-			}
-		} else {
-			t.Log("文件不存在，跳过 MIME 类型验证")
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		expected := "application/javascript"
+		if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != expected {
+			t.Errorf("期望 Content-Type %s, 实际 %s", expected, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 		}
 	})
 
@@ -109,15 +88,144 @@ func TestSetupStaticFiles(t *testing.T) {
 		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
 		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
 
-		if w.Code == 200 {
-			expected := "text/css"
-			if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != expected {
-				t.Errorf("期望 Content-Type %s, 实际 %s", expected, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
-			}
-		} else {
-			t.Log("文件不存在，跳过 MIME 类型验证")
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		expected := "text/css"
+		if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != expected {
+			t.Errorf("期望 Content-Type %s, 实际 %s", expected, w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
 		}
 	})
 
 	t.Log("静态文件服务测试通过")
 }
+
+func TestSetupStaticFilesWithFS_IconPNG(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, fstest.MapFS{
+		"icon.png":   {Data: []byte("png")},
+		"index.html": {Data: []byte("<html>fallback</html>")},
+	})
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/icon.png", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+	}
+	if w.Header().Get("Content-Type") != "image/png" {
+		t.Fatalf("期望 Content-Type image/png, 实际 %s", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+	}
+	if w.Body.String() != "png" {
+		t.Fatalf("期望返回 PNG 内容，实际 %q", w.Body.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestWithProtocolAndStaticRoutes(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+
+	var gotProtocol string
+	var gotPath string
+	r.Any("/openai/*path", withProtocol("openai", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		gotProtocol = c.Param("protocol")
+		gotPath = c.Param("path")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"protocol": gotProtocol, "path": gotPath})
+	}))
+	r.Any("/anthropic/*path", withProtocol("anthropic", func(c *gin.Context) {
+		gotProtocol = c.Param("protocol")
+		gotPath = c.Param("path")
+		c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"protocol": gotProtocol, "path": gotPath})
+	}))
+	setupStaticFilesWithFS(r, fstest.MapFS{
+		"index.html":     {Data: []byte("<html>fallback</html>")},
+		"assets/test.js": {Data: []byte("console.log('test')")},
+	})
+
+	t.Run("OpenAI route enters proxy handler wrapper", func(t *testing.T) {
+		gotProtocol = ""
+		gotPath = ""
+
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/openai/v1/chat/completions", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if gotProtocol != "openai" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 protocol=openai, 实际 %s", gotProtocol)
+		}
+		if gotPath != "/v1/chat/completions" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 path=/v1/chat/completions, 实际 %s", gotPath)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Anthropic route enters proxy handler wrapper", func(t *testing.T) {
+		gotProtocol = ""
+		gotPath = ""
+
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("POST", "/anthropic/v1/messages", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if gotProtocol != "anthropic" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 protocol=anthropic, 实际 %s", gotProtocol)
+		}
+		if gotPath != "/v1/messages" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 path=/v1/messages, 实际 %s", gotPath)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Static assets are not hijacked", func(t *testing.T) {
+		gotProtocol = ""
+		gotPath = ""
+
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/assets/test.js", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if gotProtocol != "" || gotPath != "" {
+			t.Errorf("静态资源不应进入代理包装器，实际 protocol=%s path=%s", gotProtocol, gotPath)
+		}
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Fatalf("期望静态资源返回 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(w.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "application/javascript") {
+			t.Errorf("期望 JS Content-Type, 实际 %s", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("SPA path keeps fallback", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/providers", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("期望状态码 200, 实际 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(w.Header().Get("Content-Type"), "text/html") {
+			t.Errorf("期望返回 HTML，实际 %s", w.Header().Get("Content-Type"))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Unknown proxy-like path does not return index html", func(t *testing.T) {
+		req := httptest.NewRequest("GET", "/openai/unknown", nil)
+		w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+		r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+		if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+			t.Errorf("显式代理路由应进入代理包装器，实际状态码 %d", w.Code)
+		}
+		if gotProtocol != "openai" || gotPath != "/unknown" {
+			t.Errorf("期望 unknown 代理路径进入 openai 包装器，实际 protocol=%s path=%s", gotProtocol, gotPath)
+		}
+	})
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/tray.go

@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"runtime"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"nex/embedfs"
+
+	"github.com/getlantern/systray"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+const defaultTrayReadyTimeout = 5 * time.Second
+
+type trayMenuItem interface {
+	Disable()
+	Clicked() <-chan struct{}
+}
+
+type trayController interface {
+	Run(onReady func(), onExit func())
+	Quit()
+	SetIcon(icon []byte)
+	SetTooltip(tooltip string)
+	AddMenuItem(title, tooltip string) trayMenuItem
+	AddSeparator()
+}
+
+type realTrayController struct{}
+
+func (realTrayController) Run(onReady func(), onExit func()) {
+	systray.Run(onReady, onExit)
+}
+
+func (realTrayController) Quit() {
+	systray.Quit()
+}
+
+func (realTrayController) SetIcon(icon []byte) {
+	systray.SetIcon(icon)
+}
+
+func (realTrayController) SetTooltip(tooltip string) {
+	systray.SetTooltip(tooltip)
+}
+
+func (realTrayController) AddMenuItem(title, tooltip string) trayMenuItem {
+	return realTrayMenuItem{item: systray.AddMenuItem(title, tooltip)}
+}
+
+func (realTrayController) AddSeparator() {
+	systray.AddSeparator()
+}
+
+type realTrayMenuItem struct {
+	item *systray.MenuItem
+}
+
+func (m realTrayMenuItem) Disable() {
+	m.item.Disable()
+}
+
+func (m realTrayMenuItem) Clicked() <-chan struct{} {
+	return m.item.ClickedCh
+}
+
+type trayOptions struct {
+	controller   trayController
+	readyTimeout time.Duration
+	iconLoader   func() ([]byte, error)
+	openBrowser  func(string) error
+	notify       func(string, string)
+	logger       *zap.Logger
+	fatalErrCh   <-chan error
+}
+
+func setupSystray(port int, fatalErrCh <-chan error) error {
+	return runSystray(port, trayOptions{
+		controller:   realTrayController{},
+		readyTimeout: defaultTrayReadyTimeout,
+		iconLoader:   loadTrayIcon,
+		openBrowser:  openBrowser,
+		notify:       showError,
+		logger:       dialogLogger(),
+		fatalErrCh:   fatalErrCh,
+	})
+}
+
+func runSystray(port int, opts trayOptions) error {
+	if opts.controller == nil {
+		opts.controller = realTrayController{}
+	}
+	if opts.readyTimeout <= 0 {
+		opts.readyTimeout = defaultTrayReadyTimeout
+	}
+	if opts.iconLoader == nil {
+		opts.iconLoader = loadTrayIcon
+	}
+	if opts.openBrowser == nil {
+		opts.openBrowser = openBrowser
+	}
+	if opts.notify == nil {
+		opts.notify = showError
+	}
+	if opts.logger == nil {
+		opts.logger = dialogLogger()
+	}
+
+	readyCh := make(chan struct{})
+	doneCh := make(chan struct{})
+	errCh := make(chan error, 1)
+	var readyOnce sync.Once
+	var errOnce sync.Once
+
+	signalReady := func() {
+		readyOnce.Do(func() { close(readyCh) })
+	}
+	signalError := func(err error) {
+		errOnce.Do(func() { errCh <- err })
+	}
+
+	go monitorTrayStartup(port, opts, readyCh, doneCh, signalError)
+
+	opts.controller.Run(func() {
+		handleTrayReady(port, opts, signalReady, signalError)
+	}, nil)
+	close(doneCh)
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-errCh:
+		return err
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+func monitorTrayStartup(port int, opts trayOptions, readyCh <-chan struct{}, doneCh <-chan struct{}, signalError func(error)) {
+	timer := time.NewTimer(opts.readyTimeout)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+
+	ready := false
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-readyCh:
+			ready = true
+			if !timer.Stop() {
+				select {
+				case <-timer.C:
+				default:
+				}
+			}
+			openDesktopBrowser(port, opts)
+			readyCh = nil
+		case <-timer.C:
+			if !ready {
+				signalError(newStartupError(phaseTray, "托盘初始化超时", fmt.Errorf("托盘未在 %s 内 ready", opts.readyTimeout)))
+				opts.controller.Quit()
+			}
+		case err := <-opts.fatalErrCh:
+			if err != nil {
+				signalError(newStartupError(phaseServer, startupServerErrorMessage(), err))
+				opts.controller.Quit()
+			}
+		case <-doneCh:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func handleTrayReady(port int, opts trayOptions, signalReady func(), signalError func(error)) {
+	defer func() {
+		if recovered := recover(); recovered != nil {
+			err := fmt.Errorf("托盘初始化 panic: %v", recovered)
+			signalError(newStartupError(phaseTray, "托盘菜单初始化失败", err))
+			opts.controller.Quit()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	icon, err := opts.iconLoader()
+	if err != nil {
+		signalError(newStartupError(phaseTray, "托盘图标资源无法加载", err))
+		opts.controller.Quit()
+		return
+	}
+
+	opts.controller.SetIcon(icon)
+	opts.controller.SetTooltip(appTooltip)
+
+	mOpen := opts.controller.AddMenuItem("打开管理界面", "在浏览器中打开")
+	opts.controller.AddSeparator()
+	mStatus := opts.controller.AddMenuItem("状态: 运行中", "")
+	mStatus.Disable()
+	mPort := opts.controller.AddMenuItem(desktopPortMenuTitle(port), "")
+	mPort.Disable()
+	opts.controller.AddSeparator()
+	mQuit := opts.controller.AddMenuItem("退出", "停止服务并退出")
+
+	go func() {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-mOpen.Clicked():
+				if err := opts.openBrowser(desktopURL(port)); err != nil {
+					opts.logger.Warn("打开浏览器失败", zap.Error(err))
+				}
+			case <-mQuit.Clicked():
+				doShutdown()
+				opts.controller.Quit()
+				return
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+
+	signalReady()
+}
+
+func openDesktopBrowser(port int, opts trayOptions) {
+	url := desktopURL(port)
+	if err := opts.openBrowser(url); err != nil {
+		opts.logger.Warn("无法打开浏览器", zap.Error(err))
+		opts.notify(appName, fmt.Sprintf("无法自动打开浏览器，请手动访问 %s", url))
+	}
+}
+
+func loadTrayIcon() ([]byte, error) {
+	if runtime.GOOS == "windows" {
+		return embedfs.Assets.ReadFile("assets/icon.ico")
+	}
+	return embedfs.Assets.ReadFile("assets/icon.png")
+}

backend/cmd/desktop/tray_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+type fakeTrayController struct {
+	run func(onReady func(), onExit func())
+
+	quitCh   chan struct{}
+	quitOnce sync.Once
+
+	icon      []byte
+	tooltip   string
+	menuItems []*fakeTrayMenuItem
+}
+
+func newFakeTrayController() *fakeTrayController {
+	return &fakeTrayController{quitCh: make(chan struct{})}
+}
+
+func (c *fakeTrayController) Run(onReady func(), onExit func()) {
+	if c.run != nil {
+		c.run(onReady, onExit)
+		return
+	}
+	onReady()
+	<-c.quitCh
+	if onExit != nil {
+		onExit()
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *fakeTrayController) Quit() {
+	c.quitOnce.Do(func() { close(c.quitCh) })
+}
+
+func (c *fakeTrayController) SetIcon(icon []byte) {
+	c.icon = append([]byte(nil), icon...)
+}
+
+func (c *fakeTrayController) SetTooltip(tooltip string) {
+	c.tooltip = tooltip
+}
+
+func (c *fakeTrayController) AddMenuItem(title, tooltip string) trayMenuItem {
+	item := &fakeTrayMenuItem{clicked: make(chan struct{}), title: title, tooltip: tooltip}
+	c.menuItems = append(c.menuItems, item)
+	return item
+}
+
+func (c *fakeTrayController) AddSeparator() {}
+
+type fakeTrayMenuItem struct {
+	clicked  chan struct{}
+	title    string
+	tooltip  string
+	disabled bool
+}
+
+func (m *fakeTrayMenuItem) Disable() {
+	m.disabled = true
+}
+
+func (m *fakeTrayMenuItem) Clicked() <-chan struct{} {
+	return m.clicked
+}
+
+func TestRunSystrayReadyOpensBrowser(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeTrayController()
+	opened := make(chan string, 1)
+
+	err := runSystray(19826, trayOptions{
+		controller:   controller,
+		readyTimeout: time.Second,
+		iconLoader:   func() ([]byte, error) { return []byte("icon"), nil },
+		openBrowser: func(url string) error {
+			opened <- url
+			controller.Quit()
+			return nil
+		},
+		notify: func(string, string) {},
+		logger: zap.NewNop(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("托盘 ready 成功不应返回错误: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if got := <-opened; got != "http://localhost:19826" {
+		t.Fatalf("浏览器 URL = %s", got)
+	}
+	if string(controller.icon) != "icon" {
+		t.Fatalf("应设置托盘图标")
+	}
+	if controller.tooltip != appTooltip {
+		t.Fatalf("tooltip = %q, want %q", controller.tooltip, appTooltip)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSystrayReadyTimeoutReturnsTrayStartupError(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeTrayController()
+	controller.run = func(_ func(), _ func()) {
+		<-controller.quitCh
+	}
+
+	err := runSystray(19826, trayOptions{
+		controller:   controller,
+		readyTimeout: 10 * time.Millisecond,
+		iconLoader:   func() ([]byte, error) { return []byte("icon"), nil },
+		openBrowser:  func(string) error { return nil },
+		notify:       func(string, string) {},
+		logger:       zap.NewNop(),
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("托盘 ready timeout 应返回错误")
+	}
+	var startupErr *startupError
+	if !errors.As(err, &startupErr) || startupErr.Phase() != "tray" {
+		t.Fatalf("应返回 tray 阶段启动错误，实际: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSystrayIconLoadFailureReturnsTrayStartupError(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeTrayController()
+
+	err := runSystray(19826, trayOptions{
+		controller:   controller,
+		readyTimeout: time.Second,
+		iconLoader:   func() ([]byte, error) { return nil, errors.New("missing icon") },
+		openBrowser:  func(string) error { return nil },
+		notify:       func(string, string) {},
+		logger:       zap.NewNop(),
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("托盘图标加载失败应返回错误")
+	}
+	var startupErr *startupError
+	if !errors.As(err, &startupErr) || startupErr.Phase() != "tray" {
+		t.Fatalf("应返回 tray 阶段启动错误，实际: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunSystrayBrowserOpenFailureIsNonFatal(t *testing.T) {
+	controller := newFakeTrayController()
+	notified := make(chan string, 1)
+
+	err := runSystray(19826, trayOptions{
+		controller:   controller,
+		readyTimeout: time.Second,
+		iconLoader:   func() ([]byte, error) { return []byte("icon"), nil },
+		openBrowser:  func(string) error { return errors.New("no browser") },
+		notify: func(_, message string) {
+			notified <- message
+			controller.Quit()
+		},
+		logger: zap.NewNop(),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("浏览器打开失败不应成为 fatal: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := <-notified; got == "" {
+		t.Fatal("浏览器打开失败应提示用户")
+	}
+}

backend/cmd/server/main.go

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package main
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"os/signal"
@@ -23,18 +22,19 @@ import (
 	"nex/backend/internal/provider"
 	"nex/backend/internal/repository"
 	"nex/backend/internal/service"
+	"nex/backend/pkg/buildinfo"
 	pkgLogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 func main() {
-	cfg, err := config.LoadConfig()
+	minimalLogger := pkgLogger.NewMinimal()
+
+	cfg, cfgMeta, err := config.LoadServerConfigWithMetadata()
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("加载配置失败: %v", err)
+		minimalLogger.Fatal("加载配置失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 
-	cfg.PrintSummary()
-
-	zapLogger, err := pkgLogger.New(pkgLogger.Config{
+	zapLogger, err := pkgLogger.Upgrade(minimalLogger, pkgLogger.Config{
 		Level:      cfg.Log.Level,
 		Path:       cfg.Log.Path,
 		MaxSize:    cfg.Log.MaxSize,
@@ -43,13 +43,19 @@ func main() {
 		Compress:   cfg.Log.Compress,
 	})
 	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatalf("初始化日志失败: %v", err)
+		minimalLogger.Fatal("初始化日志失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
-	defer zapLogger.Sync()
+	defer func() {
+		if err := zapLogger.Sync(); err != nil {
+			minimalLogger.Warn("同步日志失败", zap.Error(err))
+		}
+	}()
+
+	cfg.PrintSummary(zapLogger)
 
 	db, err := database.Init(&cfg.Database, zapLogger)
 	if err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("初始化数据库失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("初始化数据库失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 	defer database.Close(db)
 
@@ -74,19 +80,21 @@ func main() {
 
 	registry := conversion.NewMemoryRegistry()
 	if err := registry.Register(openai.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 OpenAI 适配器失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 OpenAI 适配器失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 	if err := registry.Register(anthropic.NewAdapter()); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 Anthropic 适配器失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("注册 Anthropic 适配器失败", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 	engine := conversion.NewConversionEngine(registry, zapLogger)
 
-	providerClient := provider.NewClient()
+	providerClient := provider.NewClient(zapLogger)
 
-	proxyHandler := handler.NewProxyHandler(engine, providerClient, routingService, providerService, statsService)
+	proxyHandler := handler.NewProxyHandler(engine, providerClient, routingService, providerService, statsService, zapLogger)
 	providerHandler := handler.NewProviderHandler(providerService)
 	modelHandler := handler.NewModelHandler(modelService)
 	statsHandler := handler.NewStatsHandler(statsService)
+	versionHandler := handler.NewVersionHandler()
+	settingsHandler := handler.NewSettingsHandler(cfg, "server", false, cfgMeta.ConfigPath)
 
 	gin.SetMode(gin.ReleaseMode)
 	r := gin.New()
@@ -96,7 +104,7 @@ func main() {
 	r.Use(middleware.Logging(zapLogger))
 	r.Use(middleware.CORS())
 
-	setupRoutes(r, proxyHandler, providerHandler, modelHandler, statsHandler)
+	setupRoutes(r, proxyHandler, providerHandler, modelHandler, statsHandler, versionHandler, settingsHandler)
 
 	srv := &http.Server{
 		Addr:         fmt.Sprintf(":%d", cfg.Server.Port),
@@ -106,9 +114,13 @@ func main() {
 	}
 
 	go func() {
-		zapLogger.Info("AI Gateway 启动", zap.String("addr", srv.Addr))
+		zapLogger.Info("AI Gateway 启动",
+			zap.String("addr", srv.Addr),
+			zap.String("version", buildinfo.Version()),
+			zap.String("commit", buildinfo.Commit()),
+			zap.String("build_time", buildinfo.BuildTime()))
 		if err := srv.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
-			zapLogger.Fatal("服务器启动失败", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+			zapLogger.Fatal("服务器启动失败", zap.Error(err))
 		}
 	}()
 
@@ -122,7 +134,7 @@ func main() {
 	defer cancel()
 
 	if err := srv.Shutdown(ctx); err != nil {
-		zapLogger.Fatal("服务器强制关闭", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		zapLogger.Fatal("服务器强制关闭", zap.Error(err))
 	}
 
 	statsBuffer.Stop()
@@ -130,8 +142,9 @@ func main() {
 	zapLogger.Info("服务器已关闭")
 }
 
-func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHandler *handler.ProviderHandler, modelHandler *handler.ModelHandler, statsHandler *handler.StatsHandler) {
+func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHandler *handler.ProviderHandler, modelHandler *handler.ModelHandler, statsHandler *handler.StatsHandler, versionHandler *handler.VersionHandler, settingsHandler *handler.SettingsHandler) {
 	r.Any("/:protocol/*path", proxyHandler.HandleProxy)
+	r.GET("/api/version", versionHandler.GetVersion)
 
 	providers := r.Group("/api/providers")
 	{
@@ -157,6 +170,12 @@ func setupRoutes(r *gin.Engine, proxyHandler *handler.ProxyHandler, providerHand
 		stats.GET("/aggregate", statsHandler.AggregateStats)
 	}
 
+	settings := r.Group("/api/settings")
+	{
+		settings.GET("/startup", settingsHandler.GetStartupSettings)
+		settings.PUT("/startup", settingsHandler.SaveStartupSettings)
+	}
+
 	r.GET("/health", func(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(200, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
 	})

backend/cmd/server/routes_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/handler"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestSetupRoutes_Version(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+
+	r := gin.New()
+	setupRoutes(r, &handler.ProxyHandler{}, &handler.ProviderHandler{}, &handler.ModelHandler{}, &handler.StatsHandler{}, handler.NewVersionHandler(), handler.NewSettingsHandler(nil, "server", false, ""))
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/api/version", nil)
+	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	r.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+
+	if w.Code != http.StatusOK {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want %d", w.Code, http.StatusOK)
+	}
+
+	var result map[string]string
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(w.Body.Bytes(), &result); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("解析响应失败: %v", err)
+	}
+	for _, key := range []string{"version", "commit", "build_time"} {
+		if result[key] == "" {
+			t.Fatalf("响应缺少 %s 字段: %#v", key, result)
+		}
+	}
+}

backend/internal/config/config.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure"
 	"github.com/spf13/pflag"
 	"github.com/spf13/viper"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 
 	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ type DatabaseConfig struct {
 	Driver          string        `yaml:"driver" mapstructure:"driver" validate:"required,oneof=sqlite mysql"`
 	Path            string        `yaml:"path" mapstructure:"path" validate:"required_if=Driver sqlite"`
 	Host            string        `yaml:"host" mapstructure:"host" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql"`
-	Port            int           `yaml:"port" mapstructure:"port" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql,min=1,max=65535"`
+	Port            int           `yaml:"port" mapstructure:"port" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql,omitempty,min=1,max=65535"`
 	User            string        `yaml:"user" mapstructure:"user" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql"`
 	Password        string        `yaml:"password" mapstructure:"password"`
 	DBName          string        `yaml:"dbname" mapstructure:"dbname" validate:"required_if=Driver mysql"`
@@ -57,7 +58,10 @@ type LogConfig struct {
 // DefaultConfig returns default config values
 func DefaultConfig() *Config {
 	// Use home dir for default paths
-	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		homeDir = "."
+	}
 	nexDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".nex")
 
 	return &Config{
@@ -96,7 +100,7 @@ func GetConfigDir() (string, error) {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	configDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".nex")
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(configDir, 0o755); err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
 	return configDir, nil
@@ -122,7 +126,10 @@ func GetConfigPath() (string, error) {
 
 // setupDefaults 设置默认配置值
 func setupDefaults(v *viper.Viper) {
-	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		homeDir = "."
+	}
 	nexDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".nex")
 
 	v.SetDefault("server.port", 9826)
@@ -176,27 +183,33 @@ func setupFlags(v *viper.Viper, flagSet *pflag.FlagSet) {
 
 	// 绑定所有 flag 到 viper
 	// 注意：必须在设置默认值之后绑定
-	v.BindPFlag("server.port", flagSet.Lookup("server-port"))
-	v.BindPFlag("server.read_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-read-timeout"))
-	v.BindPFlag("server.write_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-write-timeout"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "server.port", flagSet.Lookup("server-port"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "server.read_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-read-timeout"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "server.write_timeout", flagSet.Lookup("server-write-timeout"))
 
-	v.BindPFlag("database.driver", flagSet.Lookup("database-driver"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.path", flagSet.Lookup("database-path"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.host", flagSet.Lookup("database-host"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.port", flagSet.Lookup("database-port"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.user", flagSet.Lookup("database-user"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.password", flagSet.Lookup("database-password"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.dbname", flagSet.Lookup("database-dbname"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.max_idle_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-idle-conns"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.max_open_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-open-conns"))
-	v.BindPFlag("database.conn_max_lifetime", flagSet.Lookup("database-conn-max-lifetime"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.driver", flagSet.Lookup("database-driver"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.path", flagSet.Lookup("database-path"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.host", flagSet.Lookup("database-host"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.port", flagSet.Lookup("database-port"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.user", flagSet.Lookup("database-user"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.password", flagSet.Lookup("database-password"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.dbname", flagSet.Lookup("database-dbname"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.max_idle_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-idle-conns"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.max_open_conns", flagSet.Lookup("database-max-open-conns"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "database.conn_max_lifetime", flagSet.Lookup("database-conn-max-lifetime"))
 
-	v.BindPFlag("log.level", flagSet.Lookup("log-level"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.path", flagSet.Lookup("log-path"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.max_size", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-size"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.max_backups", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-backups"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.max_age", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-age"))
-	v.BindPFlag("log.compress", flagSet.Lookup("log-compress"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.level", flagSet.Lookup("log-level"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.path", flagSet.Lookup("log-path"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.max_size", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-size"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.max_backups", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-backups"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.max_age", flagSet.Lookup("log-max-age"))
+	bindPFlag(v, "log.compress", flagSet.Lookup("log-compress"))
+}
+
+func bindPFlag(v *viper.Viper, key string, flag *pflag.Flag) {
+	if err := v.BindPFlag(key, flag); err != nil {
+		panic(fmt.Sprintf("绑定 flag %s 失败: %v", key, err))
+	}
 }
 
 // setupEnv 绑定环境变量
@@ -211,73 +224,156 @@ func setupConfigFile(v *viper.Viper, configPath string) error {
 	v.SetConfigFile(configPath)
 	v.SetConfigType("yaml")
 
-	// 尝试读取配置文件，如果不存在则忽略
 	if err := v.ReadInConfig(); err != nil {
-		if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
-			return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
-		}
-		// 配置文件不存在，创建默认配置文件
-		if err := v.SafeWriteConfig(); err != nil {
-			// 忽略写入错误（可能目录已存在等）
+		if os.IsNotExist(err) {
 			return nil
 		}
+		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
 
-// LoadConfig loads config from YAML file, creates default if not exists
-func LoadConfig() (*Config, error) {
-	configPath, err := GetConfigPath()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
-	}
-	return LoadConfigFromPath(configPath)
+type ConfigMetadata struct {
+	ConfigPath string
 }
 
-// LoadConfigFromPath 从指定路径加载配置
-func LoadConfigFromPath(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
-	// 1. 创建 Viper 实例
+type loadOptions struct {
+	configPathOverride string
+	useCLI             bool
+	useEnv             bool
+	useConfigFlag      bool
+}
+
+// resolveConfigPath 根据 loadOptions 解析 CLI 参数并返回最终配置文件路径
+func resolveConfigPath(v *viper.Viper, opts loadOptions) (string, error) {
+	configPath := opts.configPathOverride
+
+	if !opts.useCLI && !opts.useConfigFlag {
+		return configPath, nil
+	}
+
+	flagSet := pflag.NewFlagSet("config", pflag.ContinueOnError)
+	if opts.useConfigFlag {
+		flagSet.String("config", opts.configPathOverride, "配置文件路径")
+	}
+	if opts.useCLI {
+		setupFlags(v, flagSet)
+	}
+
+	if err := flagSet.Parse(os.Args[1:]); err != nil {
+		return "", appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInvalidRequest, err)
+	}
+
+	if opts.useConfigFlag {
+		if f, err := flagSet.GetString("config"); err == nil && f != "" {
+			configPath = f
+		}
+	}
+
+	return configPath, nil
+}
+
+func loadConfig(opts loadOptions) (*Config, error) {
+	cfg, _, err := loadConfigWithMetadata(opts)
+	return cfg, err
+}
+
+func loadConfigWithMetadata(opts loadOptions) (*Config, ConfigMetadata, error) {
 	v := viper.New()
 
-	// 2. 定义 CLI 参数
-	flagSet := pflag.NewFlagSet("config", pflag.ContinueOnError)
-	flagSet.String("config", configPath, "配置文件路径")
-	setupFlags(v, flagSet)
-
-	// 3. 解析 CLI 参数（忽略错误，因为可能没有参数）
-	flagSet.Parse(os.Args[1:])
-
-	// 4. 获取配置文件路径（可能被 --config 参数覆盖）
-	if configPathFlag, err := flagSet.GetString("config"); err == nil && configPathFlag != "" {
-		configPath = configPathFlag
-	}
-
-	// 5. 设置默认值
 	setupDefaults(v)
 
-	// 6. 绑定环境变量
-	setupEnv(v)
-
-	// 7. 读取配置文件
-	if err := setupConfigFile(v, configPath); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	configPath, err := resolveConfigPath(v, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, err
+	}
+
+	if opts.useEnv {
+		setupEnv(v)
+	}
+
+	if err := setupConfigFile(v, configPath); err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, err
 	}
 
-	// 8. 反序列化到结构体
 	cfg := &Config{}
 	if err := v.Unmarshal(cfg, viper.DecodeHook(mapstructure.ComposeDecodeHookFunc(
 		mapstructure.StringToTimeDurationHookFunc(),
 		mapstructure.StringToSliceHookFunc(","),
 	))); err != nil {
-		return nil, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 
-	// 9. 验证配置
 	if err := cfg.Validate(); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, err
 	}
 
-	return cfg, nil
+	return cfg, ConfigMetadata{ConfigPath: configPath}, nil
+}
+
+// LoadServerConfig 为 server 入口加载配置，支持 CLI 参数、环境变量和 --config
+func LoadServerConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	cfg, _, err := LoadServerConfigWithMetadata()
+	return cfg, err
+}
+
+func LoadServerConfigWithMetadata() (*Config, ConfigMetadata, error) {
+	configPath, err := GetConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
+	}
+	return loadConfigWithMetadata(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             true,
+		useEnv:             true,
+		useConfigFlag:      true,
+	})
+}
+
+// LoadDesktopConfig 为 desktop 入口加载配置，固定使用默认配置文件，不支持 CLI、环境变量和 --config
+func LoadDesktopConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	cfg, _, err := LoadDesktopConfigWithMetadata()
+	return cfg, err
+}
+
+func LoadDesktopConfigWithMetadata() (*Config, ConfigMetadata, error) {
+	configPath, err := GetConfigPath()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, ConfigMetadata{}, appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
+	}
+	return loadConfigWithMetadata(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             false,
+		useEnv:             false,
+		useConfigFlag:      false,
+	})
+}
+
+// LoadConfig loads config from YAML file.
+// 向后兼容，等同于 LoadServerConfig。
+func LoadConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	return LoadServerConfig()
+}
+
+// LoadConfigFromPath 从指定路径加载配置。
+// 保留向后兼容，沿用 server 语义（支持 CLI、env 和 --config 覆盖）。
+func LoadConfigFromPath(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
+	return loadConfig(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             true,
+		useEnv:             true,
+		useConfigFlag:      true,
+	})
+}
+
+// LoadDesktopConfigAtPath 从指定路径以 desktop 语义加载配置（仅配置文件和默认值），用于测试场景。
+func LoadDesktopConfigAtPath(configPath string) (*Config, error) {
+	return loadConfig(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             false,
+		useEnv:             false,
+		useConfigFlag:      false,
+	})
 }
 
 // SaveConfig saves config to YAML file
@@ -286,19 +382,21 @@ func SaveConfig(cfg *Config) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
+	return SaveConfigToPath(cfg, configPath)
+}
 
+func SaveConfigToPath(cfg *Config, configPath string) error {
 	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
 	if err != nil {
 		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 
-	// Ensure directory exists
 	dir := filepath.Dir(configPath)
-	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0755); err != nil {
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0o755); err != nil {
 		return appErrors.Wrap(appErrors.ErrInternal, err)
 	}
 
-	return os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0600)
+	return os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o600)
 }
 
 // Validate validates the config
@@ -311,22 +409,24 @@ func (c *Config) Validate() error {
 }
 
 // PrintSummary 打印配置摘要
-func (c *Config) PrintSummary() {
-	fmt.Println("\nAI Gateway 启动配置")
-	fmt.Println("==================")
-	fmt.Printf("服务器端口:     %d\n", c.Server.Port)
+func (c *Config) PrintSummary(logger *zap.Logger) {
+	logger.Info("AI Gateway 启动配置",
+		zap.Int("server_port", c.Server.Port),
+		zap.String("database_driver", c.Database.Driver),
+		zap.String("log_level", c.Log.Level),
+	)
+
 	if c.Database.Driver == "mysql" {
-		fmt.Printf("数据库类型:     mysql\n")
-		fmt.Printf("数据库地址:     %s:%d/%s\n", c.Database.Host, c.Database.Port, c.Database.DBName)
+		logger.Info("数据库配置",
+			zap.String("driver", "mysql"),
+			zap.String("host", c.Database.Host),
+			zap.Int("port", c.Database.Port),
+			zap.String("database", c.Database.DBName),
+		)
 	} else {
-		fmt.Printf("数据库类型:     sqlite\n")
-		fmt.Printf("数据库路径:     %s\n", c.Database.Path)
+		logger.Info("数据库配置",
+			zap.String("driver", "sqlite"),
+			zap.String("path", c.Database.Path),
+		)
 	}
-	fmt.Printf("日志级别:       %s\n", c.Log.Level)
-	fmt.Println("\n配置来源:")
-	configPath, _ := GetConfigPath()
-	fmt.Printf("  配置文件:     %s\n", configPath)
-	fmt.Println("  环境变量:     待统计")
-	fmt.Println("  CLI 参数:     待统计")
-	fmt.Println()
 }

backend/internal/config/config_metadata_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package config
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
+)
+
+func TestLoadDesktopConfigAtPath_WithMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
+
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Server.Port = 8888
+	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o600))
+
+	loaded, meta, err := loadConfigWithMetadata(loadOptions{
+		configPathOverride: configPath,
+		useCLI:             false,
+		useEnv:             false,
+		useConfigFlag:      false,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 8888, loaded.Server.Port)
+	assert.Equal(t, configPath, meta.ConfigPath)
+}
+
+func TestSaveConfigToPath(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "sub", "config.yaml")
+
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Server.Port = 7777
+
+	err := SaveConfigToPath(cfg, configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(data), "7777")
+}
+
+func TestSaveConfigToPath_InvalidDir(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	err := SaveConfigToPath(cfg, "/dev/null/impossible/config.yaml")
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestDurationConversion(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	dto := configToDTO(cfg)
+
+	parsed, err := time.ParseDuration(dto.Server.ReadTimeout)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, cfg.Server.ReadTimeout, parsed)
+
+	parsed, err = time.ParseDuration(dto.Database.ConnMaxLifetime)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime, parsed)
+}
+
+func TestSaveConfigToPath_DurationFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
+
+	cfg := DefaultConfig()
+	cfg.Server.ReadTimeout = 30 * time.Second
+	cfg.Server.WriteTimeout = 1 * time.Minute
+	cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime = 1 * time.Hour
+
+	err := SaveConfigToPath(cfg, configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	content := string(data)
+	assert.Contains(t, content, "conn_max_lifetime: 1h0m0s")
+	assert.Contains(t, content, "read_timeout: 30s")
+	assert.Contains(t, content, "write_timeout: 1m0s")
+}
+
+func TestSaveAndReload_DurationRoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
+
+	yamlContent := `
+server:
+  port: 9826
+  read_timeout: 30s
+  write_timeout: 1m
+database:
+  driver: sqlite
+  path: ` + filepath.Join(dir, "test.db") + `
+  max_idle_conns: 10
+  max_open_conns: 100
+  conn_max_lifetime: 30m
+log:
+  level: info
+  path: ` + filepath.Join(dir, "log") + `
+  max_size: 100
+  max_backups: 10
+  max_age: 30
+  compress: true
+`
+	require.NoError(t, os.WriteFile(configPath, []byte(yamlContent), 0o600))
+
+	cfg, err := LoadDesktopConfigAtPath(configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 30*time.Minute, cfg.Database.ConnMaxLifetime)
+
+	err = SaveConfigToPath(cfg, configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(configPath)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, string(data), "conn_max_lifetime: 30m0s")
+}
+
+func configToDTO(c *Config) struct {
+	Server struct {
+		Port         int    `json:"port"`
+		ReadTimeout  string `json:"read_timeout"`
+		WriteTimeout string `json:"write_timeout"`
+	}
+	Database struct {
+		ConnMaxLifetime string `json:"conn_max_lifetime"`
+	}
+} {
+	var result struct {
+		Server struct {
+			Port         int    `json:"port"`
+			ReadTimeout  string `json:"read_timeout"`
+			WriteTimeout string `json:"write_timeout"`
+		}
+		Database struct {
+			ConnMaxLifetime string `json:"conn_max_lifetime"`
+		}
+	}
+	result.Server.Port = c.Server.Port
+	result.Server.ReadTimeout = c.Server.ReadTimeout.String()
+	result.Server.WriteTimeout = c.Server.WriteTimeout.String()
+	result.Database.ConnMaxLifetime = c.Database.ConnMaxLifetime.String()
+	return result
+}

backend/internal/config/config_test.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
 
@@ -171,7 +172,9 @@ func TestConfig_Validate(t *testing.T) {
 			err := cfg.Validate()
 			if tt.wantErr {
 				assert.Error(t, err)
-				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+				if err != nil {
+					assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tt.errMsg)
+				}
 			} else {
 				assert.NoError(t, err)
 			}
@@ -233,7 +236,7 @@ func TestSaveAndLoadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	configPath := filepath.Join(dir, "config.yaml")
 	data, err := yaml.Marshal(cfg)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
-	err = os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0644)
+	err = os.WriteFile(configPath, data, 0o600)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 
 	// 加载配置
@@ -302,7 +305,7 @@ func TestPrintSummary(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("SQLite模式摘要", func(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg := DefaultConfig()
 		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
-			cfg.PrintSummary()
+			cfg.PrintSummary(zap.NewNop())
 		})
 	})
 	t.Run("MySQL模式摘要", func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -313,7 +316,7 @@ func TestPrintSummary(t *testing.T) {
 		cfg.Database.User = "nex"
 		cfg.Database.DBName = "nex"
 		assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
-			cfg.PrintSummary()
+			cfg.PrintSummary(zap.NewNop())
 		})
 	})
 }

backend/internal/config/models.go

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ import (
 
 // Provider 供应商模型
 type Provider struct {
-	ID        string         `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
-	Name      string         `gorm:"not null" json:"name"`
-	APIKey    string         `gorm:"not null" json:"api_key"`
-	BaseURL   string         `gorm:"not null" json:"base_url"`
-	Protocol  string         `gorm:"column:protocol;default:'openai'" json:"protocol"`
-	Enabled   bool           `gorm:"default:true" json:"enabled"`
-	CreatedAt time.Time      `json:"created_at"`
-	UpdatedAt time.Time      `json:"updated_at"`
-	Models    []Model        `gorm:"foreignKey:ProviderID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"models,omitempty"`
+	ID        string    `gorm:"primaryKey" json:"id"`
+	Name      string    `gorm:"not null" json:"name"`
+	APIKey    string    `gorm:"not null" json:"api_key"`
+	BaseURL   string    `gorm:"not null" json:"base_url"`
+	Protocol  string    `gorm:"column:protocol;default:'openai'" json:"protocol"`
+	Enabled   bool      `gorm:"default:true" json:"enabled"`
+	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
+	UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
+	Models    []Model   `gorm:"foreignKey:ProviderID;constraint:OnDelete:CASCADE" json:"models,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Model 模型配置（id 为 UUID 自动生成，UNIQUE(provider_id, model_name)）
@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ type Model struct {
 // UsageStats 用量统计
 type UsageStats struct {
 	ID           uint      `gorm:"primaryKey;autoIncrement" json:"id"`
-	ProviderID   string    `gorm:"not null;index" json:"provider_id"`
-	ModelName    string    `gorm:"not null;index" json:"model_name"`
+	ProviderID   string    `gorm:"not null;index;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model_date" json:"provider_id"`
+	ModelName    string    `gorm:"not null;index;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model_date" json:"model_name"`
 	RequestCount int       `gorm:"default:0" json:"request_count"`
 	Date         time.Time `gorm:"type:date;not null;uniqueIndex:idx_provider_model_date" json:"date"`
 }
@@ -47,4 +47,3 @@ func (Model) TableName() string {
 func (UsageStats) TableName() string {
 	return "usage_stats"
 }
-

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/adapter.go

@@ -141,7 +141,10 @@ func (a *Adapter) EncodeError(err *conversion.ConversionError) ([]byte, int) {
 			Message: err.Message,
 		},
 	}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	body, marshalErr := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	if marshalErr != nil {
+		return []byte(`{"type":"error","error":{"type":"internal_error","message":"internal error"}}`), statusCode
+	}
 	return body, statusCode
 }
 
@@ -235,7 +238,11 @@ func locateModelFieldInRequest(body []byte, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType)
 			return "", nil, err
 		}
 		rewriteFunc := func(newModel string) ([]byte, error) {
-			m["model"], _ = json.Marshal(newModel)
+			encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			m["model"] = encodedModel
 			return json.Marshal(m)
 		}
 		return current, rewriteFunc, nil
@@ -269,7 +276,11 @@ func (a *Adapter) RewriteResponseModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceTy
 	switch ifaceType {
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat:
 		// Chat 响应必须有 model 字段，存在则改写，不存在则添加
-		m["model"], _ = json.Marshal(newModel)
+		encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		m["model"] = encodedModel
 		return json.Marshal(m)
 	default:
 		return body, nil

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/adapter_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package anthropic
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
 	"testing"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
@@ -48,14 +49,36 @@ func TestAdapter_DetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAdapter_APIReferenceNativePaths(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	// docs/api_reference/anthropic defines messages and models under /v1.
+	tests := []struct {
+		path     string
+		expected conversion.InterfaceType
+	}{
+		{"/v1/messages", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat},
+		{"/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels},
+		{"/v1/models/claude-sonnet-4-5", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo},
+		{"/messages", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/models", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, a.DetectInterfaceType(tt.path))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAdapter_BuildUrl(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		nativePath   string
+		name          string
+		nativePath    string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     string
+		expected      string
 	}{
 		{"聊天", "/v1/messages", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, "/v1/messages"},
 		{"模型", "/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, "/v1/models"},
@@ -102,9 +125,9 @@ func TestAdapter_SupportsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
+		name          string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     bool
+		expected      bool
 	}{
 		{"聊天", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, true},
 		{"模型", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, true},
@@ -141,8 +164,8 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedEmbedding(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("解码嵌入请求", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeEmbeddingRequest([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
@@ -150,24 +173,24 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedEmbedding(t *testing.T) {
 		provider := conversion.NewTargetProvider("https://api.anthropic.com", "key", "claude-3")
 		_, err := a.EncodeEmbeddingRequest(&canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingRequest{}, provider)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.True(t, errors.As(err, &convErr))
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("解码嵌入响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeEmbeddingResponse([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("编码嵌入响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.EncodeEmbeddingResponse(&canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingResponse{})
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 }
@@ -178,8 +201,8 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedRerank(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("解码重排序请求", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeRerankRequest([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
@@ -187,24 +210,24 @@ func TestAdapter_UnsupportedRerank(t *testing.T) {
 		provider := conversion.NewTargetProvider("https://api.anthropic.com", "key", "claude-3")
 		_, err := a.EncodeRerankRequest(&canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest{}, provider)
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("解码重排序响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.DecodeRerankResponse([]byte(`{}`))
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("编码重排序响应", func(t *testing.T) {
 		_, err := a.EncodeRerankResponse(&canonical.CanonicalRerankResponse{})
 		require.Error(t, err)
-		convErr, ok := err.(*conversion.ConversionError)
-		require.True(t, ok)
+		var convErr *conversion.ConversionError
+		require.ErrorAs(t, err, &convErr)
 		assert.Equal(t, conversion.ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported, convErr.Code)
 	})
 }

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/decoder.go

@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ func decodeRequest(body []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
 
 	var canonicalMsgs []canonical.CanonicalMessage
 	for _, msg := range req.Messages {
-		decoded := decodeMessage(msg)
+		decoded, err := decodeMessage(msg)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, conversion.NewConversionError(conversion.ErrorCodeJSONParseError, "解析消息内容失败").WithCause(err)
+		}
 		canonicalMsgs = append(canonicalMsgs, decoded...)
 	}
 
@@ -94,10 +97,13 @@ func decodeSystem(system any) any {
 }
 
 // decodeMessage 解码 Anthropic 消息
-func decodeMessage(msg Message) []canonical.CanonicalMessage {
+func decodeMessage(msg Message) ([]canonical.CanonicalMessage, error) {
 	switch msg.Role {
 	case "user":
-		blocks := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		var toolResults []canonical.ContentBlock
 		var others []canonical.ContentBlock
 		for _, b := range blocks {
@@ -117,58 +123,83 @@ func decodeMessage(msg Message) []canonical.CanonicalMessage {
 		if len(result) == 0 {
 			result = append(result, canonical.CanonicalMessage{Role: canonical.RoleUser, Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}})
 		}
-		return result
+		return result, nil
 
 	case "assistant":
-		blocks := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks(msg.Content)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		if len(blocks) == 0 {
 			blocks = append(blocks, canonical.NewTextBlock(""))
 		}
-		return []canonical.CanonicalMessage{{Role: canonical.RoleAssistant, Content: blocks}}
+		return []canonical.CanonicalMessage{{Role: canonical.RoleAssistant, Content: blocks}}, nil
 	}
-	return nil
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // decodeContentBlocks 解码内容块列表
-func decodeContentBlocks(content any) []canonical.ContentBlock {
+func decodeContentBlocks(content any) ([]canonical.ContentBlock, error) {
 	switch v := content.(type) {
 	case string:
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(v)}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(v)}, nil
 	case []any:
 		var blocks []canonical.ContentBlock
 		for _, item := range v {
 			if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
-				block := decodeSingleContentBlock(m)
+				block, err := decodeSingleContentBlock(m)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
 				if block != nil {
 					blocks = append(blocks, *block)
 				}
 			}
 		}
 		if len(blocks) > 0 {
-			return blocks
+			return blocks, nil
 		}
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}, nil
 	case nil:
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("")}, nil
 	default:
-		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v))}
+		return []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock(fmt.Sprintf("%v", v))}, nil
 	}
 }
 
 // decodeSingleContentBlock 解码单个内容块
-func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) *canonical.ContentBlock {
-	t, _ := m["type"].(string)
+func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) (*canonical.ContentBlock, error) {
+	t, ok := m["type"].(string)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
 	switch t {
 	case "text":
-		text, _ := m["text"].(string)
-		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "text", Text: text}
+		text, ok := m["text"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			text = ""
+		}
+		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "text", Text: text}, nil
 	case "tool_use":
-		id, _ := m["id"].(string)
-		name, _ := m["name"].(string)
-		input, _ := json.Marshal(m["input"])
-		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "tool_use", ID: id, Name: name, Input: input}
+		id, ok := m["id"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			id = ""
+		}
+		name, ok := m["name"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			name = ""
+		}
+		input, err := json.Marshal(m["input"])
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "tool_use", ID: id, Name: name, Input: input}, nil
 	case "tool_result":
-		toolUseID, _ := m["tool_use_id"].(string)
+		toolUseID, ok := m["tool_use_id"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			toolUseID = ""
+		}
 		isErr := false
 		if ie, ok := m["is_error"].(bool); ok {
 			isErr = ie
@@ -179,7 +210,11 @@ func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) *canonical.ContentBlock {
 			case string:
 				content = json.RawMessage(fmt.Sprintf("%q", cv))
 			default:
-				content, _ = json.Marshal(cv)
+				encoded, err := json.Marshal(cv)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				content = encoded
 			}
 		} else {
 			content = json.RawMessage(`""`)
@@ -189,15 +224,18 @@ func decodeSingleContentBlock(m map[string]any) *canonical.ContentBlock {
 			ToolUseID: toolUseID,
 			Content:   content,
 			IsError:   &isErr,
-		}
+		}, nil
 	case "thinking":
-		thinking, _ := m["thinking"].(string)
-		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "thinking", Thinking: thinking}
+		thinking, ok := m["thinking"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			thinking = ""
+		}
+		return &canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "thinking", Thinking: thinking}, nil
 	case "redacted_thinking":
 		// 丢弃
-		return nil
+		return nil, nil
 	}
-	return nil
+	return nil, nil
 }
 
 // decodeTools 解码工具定义
@@ -232,7 +270,10 @@ func decodeToolChoice(toolChoice any) *canonical.ToolChoice {
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 		}
 	case map[string]any:
-		t, _ := v["type"].(string)
+		t, ok := v["type"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
 		switch t {
 		case "auto":
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAuto()
@@ -241,7 +282,10 @@ func decodeToolChoice(toolChoice any) *canonical.ToolChoice {
 		case "any":
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 		case "tool":
-			name, _ := v["name"].(string)
+			name, ok := v["name"].(string)
+			if !ok {
+				name = ""
+			}
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceNamed(name)
 		}
 	}

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/encoder.go

@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ func encodeContentBlocks(blocks []canonical.ContentBlock) []map[string]any {
 			result = append(result, m)
 		case "tool_result":
 			m := map[string]any{
-				"type":       "tool_result",
+				"type":        "tool_result",
 				"tool_use_id": b.ToolUseID,
 			}
 			if b.Content != nil {
@@ -335,11 +335,11 @@ func encodeResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error) {
 	}
 
 	result := map[string]any{
-		"id":      resp.ID,
-		"type":    "message",
-		"role":    "assistant",
-		"model":   resp.Model,
-		"content": blocks,
+		"id":            resp.ID,
+		"type":          "message",
+		"role":          "assistant",
+		"model":         resp.Model,
+		"content":       blocks,
 		"stop_reason":   sr,
 		"stop_sequence": nil,
 		"usage":         usage,

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/encoder_test.go

@@ -33,7 +33,8 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, true, result["stream"])
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(1024), result["max_tokens"])
 
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, msgs, 1)
 }
 
@@ -55,17 +56,20 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_ToolMergeIntoUser(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 
 	// tool 消息应被合并到相邻 user 消息
 	foundToolResult := false
 	for _, m := range msgs {
-		msgMap := m.(map[string]any)
+		msgMap, ok := m.(map[string]any)
+		require.True(t, ok)
 		if msgMap["role"] == "user" {
 			content, ok := msgMap["content"].([]any)
 			if ok {
 				for _, c := range content {
-					block := c.(map[string]any)
+					block, ok := c.(map[string]any)
+					require.True(t, ok)
 					if block["type"] == "tool_result" {
 						foundToolResult = true
 					}
@@ -93,8 +97,10 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_FirstUserGuarantee(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
-	firstMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	firstMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "user", firstMsg["role"])
 }
 
@@ -140,9 +146,11 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", result["role"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "end_turn", result["stop_reason"])
 
-	content := result["content"].([]any)
+	content, ok := result["content"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
-	block := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	block, ok := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "text", block["type"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "你好", block["text"])
 }
@@ -160,10 +168,12 @@ func TestEncodeModelsResponse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	data := result["data"].([]any)
+	data, ok := result["data"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, data, 1)
 
-	model := data[0].(map[string]any)
+	model, ok := data[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "claude-3-opus", model["id"])
 	// created 应为 RFC3339 格式
 	createdAt, ok := model["created_at"].(string)
@@ -280,11 +290,14 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_ConsecutiveRoleMerge(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, msgs, 1)
-	userMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	userMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "user", userMsg["role"])
-	content := userMsg["content"].([]any)
+	content, ok := userMsg["content"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, content, 2)
 }
 
@@ -321,7 +334,8 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ReasoningTokens(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	usage := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	usage, ok := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	_, hasReasoning := usage["reasoning_tokens"]
 	assert.False(t, hasReasoning)
 }
@@ -341,9 +355,11 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	content := result["content"].([]any)
+	content, ok := result["content"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, content, 1)
-	block := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	block, ok := content[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "tool_use", block["type"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "tool_1", block["id"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "search", block["name"])

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_decoder.go

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ func NewStreamDecoder() *StreamDecoder {
 func (d *StreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
 	data := rawChunk
 	if len(d.utf8Remainder) > 0 {
-		data = append(d.utf8Remainder, rawChunk...)
+		data = append(append([]byte{}, d.utf8Remainder...), rawChunk...)
 		d.utf8Remainder = nil
 	}
 
@@ -50,9 +50,10 @@ func (d *StreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStrea
 
 	for _, line := range strings.Split(text, "\n") {
 		line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r")
-		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: ") {
+		switch {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: "):
 			eventType = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "event: ")
-		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
+		case strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: "):
 			eventData = strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
 			if eventType != "" && eventData != "" {
 				chunkEvents := d.processEvent(eventType, []byte(eventData))
@@ -60,8 +61,8 @@ func (d *StreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStrea
 			}
 			eventType = ""
 			eventData = ""
-		} else if line == "" {
-			// SSE 事件分隔符
+		case line == "":
+			continue
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ func (d *StreamDecoder) processMessageStart(data []byte) []canonical.CanonicalSt
 // processContentBlockStart 处理内容块开始事件
 func (d *StreamDecoder) processContentBlockStart(data []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
 	var raw struct {
-		Index        int    `json:"index"`
+		Index        int `json:"index"`
 		ContentBlock struct {
 			Type     string `json:"type"`
 			Text     string `json:"text"`

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_decoder_test.go

@@ -47,23 +47,23 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ContentBlockDelta(t *testing.T) {
 		checkValue string
 	}{
 		{
-			name:      "text_delta",
-			deltaType: "text_delta",
-			deltaData: map[string]any{"type": "text_delta", "text": "你好"},
+			name:       "text_delta",
+			deltaType:  "text_delta",
+			deltaData:  map[string]any{"type": "text_delta", "text": "你好"},
 			checkField: "text",
 			checkValue: "你好",
 		},
 		{
-			name:      "input_json_delta",
-			deltaType: "input_json_delta",
-			deltaData: map[string]any{"type": "input_json_delta", "partial_json": "{\"key\":"},
+			name:       "input_json_delta",
+			deltaType:  "input_json_delta",
+			deltaData:  map[string]any{"type": "input_json_delta", "partial_json": "{\"key\":"},
 			checkField: "partial_json",
 			checkValue: "{\"key\":",
 		},
 		{
-			name:      "thinking_delta",
-			deltaType: "thinking_delta",
-			deltaData: map[string]any{"type": "thinking_delta", "thinking": "思考中"},
+			name:       "thinking_delta",
+			deltaType:  "thinking_delta",
+			deltaData:  map[string]any{"type": "thinking_delta", "thinking": "思考中"},
 			checkField: "thinking",
 			checkValue: "思考中",
 		},
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ContentBlockDelta(t *testing.T) {
 			payload := map[string]any{
 				"type":  "content_block_delta",
 				"index": 0,
-				"delta":  tt.deltaData,
+				"delta": tt.deltaData,
 			}
 			raw := makeAnthropicEvent("content_block_delta", payload)
 
@@ -298,7 +298,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_WebSearchToolResult_Suppressed(t *testing.T) {
 		"type":  "content_block_start",
 		"index": 3,
 		"content_block": map[string]any{
-			"type": "web_search_tool_result",
+			"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
 			"tool_use_id": "search_1",
 		},
 	}
@@ -331,8 +331,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_CitationsDelta_Discarded(t *testing.T) {
 		"type":  "content_block_delta",
 		"index": 0,
 		"delta": map[string]any{
-			"type":        "citations_delta",
-			"citation":    map[string]any{"title": "ref1"},
+			"type":     "citations_delta",
+			"citation": map[string]any{"title": "ref1"},
 		},
 	}
 	raw := makeAnthropicEvent("content_block_delta", payload)
@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MessageDelta_UsageNotAccumulated(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	deltaPayload1 := map[string]any{
-		"type": "message_delta",
+		"type":  "message_delta",
 		"delta": map[string]any{"stop_reason": "end_turn"},
 		"usage": map[string]any{"output_tokens": 25},
 	}
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MessageDelta_UsageNotAccumulated(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 25, events[0].Usage.OutputTokens)
 
 	deltaPayload2 := map[string]any{
-		"type": "message_delta",
+		"type":  "message_delta",
 		"delta": map[string]any{"stop_reason": "end_turn"},
 		"usage": map[string]any{"output_tokens": 30},
 	}

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_encoder.go

@@ -50,16 +50,24 @@ func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeMessageStart(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent)
 	}
 	if event.Message != nil {
 		msg := map[string]any{
-			"id":    event.Message.ID,
-			"model": event.Message.Model,
-			"role":  "assistant",
+			"id":            event.Message.ID,
+			"type":          "message",
+			"role":          "assistant",
+			"content":       []any{},
+			"model":         event.Message.Model,
+			"stop_reason":   nil,
+			"stop_sequence": nil,
 		}
 		if event.Message.Usage != nil {
-			usage := map[string]any{
+			msg["usage"] = map[string]any{
 				"input_tokens":  event.Message.Usage.InputTokens,
 				"output_tokens": event.Message.Usage.OutputTokens,
 			}
-			msg["usage"] = usage
+		} else {
+			msg["usage"] = map[string]any{
+				"input_tokens":  0,
+				"output_tokens": 0,
+			}
 		}
 		payload["message"] = msg
 	}
@@ -147,6 +155,10 @@ func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeMessageDelta(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent)
 		payload["usage"] = map[string]any{
 			"output_tokens": event.Usage.OutputTokens,
 		}
+	} else {
+		payload["usage"] = map[string]any{
+			"output_tokens": 0,
+		}
 	}
 	return e.marshalEvent("message_delta", payload)
 }

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/stream_encoder_test.go

@@ -21,8 +21,55 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageStart(t *testing.T) {
 	s := string(chunks[0])
 	assert.True(t, strings.HasPrefix(s, "event: message_start\n"))
 	assert.Contains(t, s, "data: ")
-	assert.Contains(t, s, "msg_1")
-	assert.Contains(t, s, "claude-3")
+
+	var payload map[string]any
+	lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
+	for _, l := range lines {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(l, "data: ") {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimPrefix(l, "data: ")), &payload))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg, ok := payload["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assert.Equal(t, "msg_1", msg["id"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "message", msg["type"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", msg["role"])
+	assert.Equal(t, []any{}, msg["content"])
+	assert.Equal(t, "claude-3", msg["model"])
+	assert.Nil(t, msg["stop_reason"])
+	assert.Nil(t, msg["stop_sequence"])
+
+	usage, okU := msg["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okU)
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), usage["input_tokens"])
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), usage["output_tokens"])
+}
+
+func TestStreamEncoder_MessageStart_WithUsage(t *testing.T) {
+	e := NewStreamEncoder()
+	event := canonical.NewMessageStartEventWithUsage("msg_2", "gpt-4", &canonical.CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 100, OutputTokens: 50})
+
+	chunks := e.EncodeEvent(event)
+	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
+
+	s := string(chunks[0])
+	var payload map[string]any
+	lines := strings.Split(s, "\n")
+	for _, l := range lines {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(l, "data: ") {
+			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(strings.TrimPrefix(l, "data: ")), &payload))
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	msg, ok := payload["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	usage, okU := msg["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okU)
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(100), usage["input_tokens"])
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(50), usage["output_tokens"])
 }
 
 func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockDelta(t *testing.T) {
@@ -80,7 +127,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockStart_Text(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	cb := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	cb, ok := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "text", cb["type"])
 }
 
@@ -107,7 +155,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockStart_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	cb := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	cb, ok := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "tool_use", cb["type"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "toolu_1", cb["id"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "search", cb["name"])
@@ -131,7 +180,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_ContentBlockStart_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	cb := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	cb, ok := payload["content_block"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "thinking", cb["type"])
 }
 
@@ -173,8 +223,13 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageDelta_WithStopReason(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	delta := payload["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	delta, okd := payload["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okd)
 	assert.Equal(t, "end_turn", delta["stop_reason"])
+
+	usage, oku := payload["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku, "message_delta SHALL always include usage")
+	assert.Equal(t, float64(0), usage["output_tokens"])
 }
 
 func TestStreamEncoder_MessageDelta_WithUsage(t *testing.T) {
@@ -199,7 +254,8 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageDelta_WithUsage(t *testing.T) {
 			break
 		}
 	}
-	u := payload["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	u, oku := payload["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku)
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(88), u["output_tokens"])
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/supplemental_test.go

@@ -173,13 +173,15 @@ func TestDecodeMessage_UserWithOnlyToolResults(t *testing.T) {
 }
 
 func TestDecodeContentBlocks_Nil(t *testing.T) {
-	blocks := decodeContentBlocks(nil)
+	blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks(nil)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, blocks, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "", blocks[0].Text)
 }
 
 func TestDecodeContentBlocks_String(t *testing.T) {
-	blocks := decodeContentBlocks("hello")
+	blocks, err := decodeContentBlocks("hello")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Len(t, blocks, 1)
 	assert.Equal(t, "hello", blocks[0].Text)
 }
@@ -217,8 +219,10 @@ func TestEncodeToolChoice(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
 			result := encodeToolChoice(tt.choice)
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["type"], result.(map[string]any)["type"])
-			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["name"], result.(map[string]any)["name"])
+			r, ok := result.(map[string]any)
+			require.True(t, ok)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["type"], r["type"])
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want["name"], r["name"])
 		})
 	}
 }
@@ -315,12 +319,15 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_WithTools(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	tools := result["tools"].([]any)
+	tools, okt := result["tools"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okt)
 	assert.Len(t, tools, 1)
-	tool := tools[0].(map[string]any)
+	tool, okt2 := tools[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okt2)
 	assert.Equal(t, "search", tool["name"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "Search things", tool["description"])
-	tc := result["tool_choice"].(map[string]any)
+	tc, oktc := result["tool_choice"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oktc)
 	assert.Equal(t, "auto", tc["type"])
 }
 
@@ -354,9 +361,9 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndCreation(t *testing.T) {
 		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("ok")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
 		Usage: canonical.CanonicalUsage{
-			InputTokens:        100,
-			OutputTokens:       50,
-			CacheReadTokens:    &cacheRead,
+			InputTokens:         100,
+			OutputTokens:        50,
+			CacheReadTokens:     &cacheRead,
 			CacheCreationTokens: &cacheCreation,
 		},
 	}
@@ -366,7 +373,8 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndCreation(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	usage := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	usage, oku := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku)
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(100), usage["input_tokens"])
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(30), usage["cache_read_input_tokens"])
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(10), usage["cache_creation_input_tokens"])

backend/internal/conversion/anthropic/types.go

@@ -6,22 +6,22 @@ import (
 
 // MessagesRequest Anthropic Messages 请求
 type MessagesRequest struct {
-	Model               string          `json:"model"`
-	Messages            []Message       `json:"messages"`
-	System              any             `json:"system,omitempty"`
-	MaxTokens           int             `json:"max_tokens"`
-	Temperature         *float64        `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
-	TopP                *float64        `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
-	TopK                *int            `json:"top_k,omitempty"`
-	StopSequences       []string        `json:"stop_sequences,omitempty"`
-	Stream              bool            `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	Tools               []Tool          `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	ToolChoice          any             `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
-	Metadata            *RequestMetadata `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
-	Thinking            *ThinkingConfig `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
-	OutputConfig        *OutputConfig   `json:"output_config,omitempty"`
-	DisableParallelToolUse *bool        `json:"disable_parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
-	Container           any             `json:"container,omitempty"`
+	Model                  string           `json:"model"`
+	Messages               []Message        `json:"messages"`
+	System                 any              `json:"system,omitempty"`
+	MaxTokens              int              `json:"max_tokens"`
+	Temperature            *float64         `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
+	TopP                   *float64         `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
+	TopK                   *int             `json:"top_k,omitempty"`
+	StopSequences          []string         `json:"stop_sequences,omitempty"`
+	Stream                 bool             `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	Tools                  []Tool           `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice             any              `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	Metadata               *RequestMetadata `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+	Thinking               *ThinkingConfig  `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	OutputConfig           *OutputConfig    `json:"output_config,omitempty"`
+	DisableParallelToolUse *bool            `json:"disable_parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
+	Container              any              `json:"container,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // RequestMetadata 请求元数据
@@ -122,8 +122,8 @@ type ContentBlock struct {
 
 // ResponseUsage 响应用量
 type ResponseUsage struct {
-	InputTokens              int `json:"input_tokens"`
-	OutputTokens             int `json:"output_tokens"`
+	InputTokens              int  `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens             int  `json:"output_tokens"`
 	CacheReadInputTokens     *int `json:"cache_read_input_tokens,omitempty"`
 	CacheCreationInputTokens *int `json:"cache_creation_input_tokens,omitempty"`
 }

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/extended.go

@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ type CanonicalEmbeddingResponse struct {
 
 // EmbeddingData 嵌入数据项
 type EmbeddingData struct {
-	Index     int    `json:"index"`
-	Embedding any    `json:"embedding"` // 根据格式不同可能是 []float64 或 base64 字符串
+	Index     int `json:"index"`
+	Embedding any `json:"embedding"` // 根据格式不同可能是 []float64 或 base64 字符串
 }
 
 // EmbeddingUsage 嵌入用量

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/stream.go

@@ -18,17 +18,17 @@ const (
 type DeltaType string
 
 const (
-	DeltaTypeText        DeltaType = "text_delta"
-	DeltaTypeInputJSON   DeltaType = "input_json_delta"
-	DeltaTypeThinking    DeltaType = "thinking_delta"
+	DeltaTypeText      DeltaType = "text_delta"
+	DeltaTypeInputJSON DeltaType = "input_json_delta"
+	DeltaTypeThinking  DeltaType = "thinking_delta"
 )
 
 // StreamDelta 流式增量联合体
 type StreamDelta struct {
-	Type         string `json:"type"`
-	Text         string `json:"text,omitempty"`
-	PartialJSON  string `json:"partial_json,omitempty"`
-	Thinking     string `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	Type        string `json:"type"`
+	Text        string `json:"text,omitempty"`
+	PartialJSON string `json:"partial_json,omitempty"`
+	Thinking    string `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // StreamContentBlock 流式内容块联合体
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ type CanonicalStreamEvent struct {
 	Message *StreamMessage `json:"message,omitempty"`
 
 	// ContentBlockStartEvent / ContentBlockDeltaEvent / ContentBlockStopEvent
-	Index        *int              `json:"index,omitempty"`
+	Index        *int                `json:"index,omitempty"`
 	ContentBlock *StreamContentBlock `json:"content_block,omitempty"`
-	Delta        *StreamDelta      `json:"delta,omitempty"`
+	Delta        *StreamDelta        `json:"delta,omitempty"`
 
 	// MessageDeltaEvent
-	StopReason *StopReason    `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
+	StopReason *StopReason     `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
 	Usage      *CanonicalUsage `json:"usage,omitempty"`
 
 	// ErrorEvent

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/types.go

@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ type ContentBlock struct {
 	Text string `json:"text,omitempty"`
 
 	// ToolUseBlock
-	ID   string          `json:"id,omitempty"`
-	Name string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	ID    string          `json:"id,omitempty"`
+	Name  string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
 	Input json.RawMessage `json:"input,omitempty"`
 
 	// ToolResultBlock
@@ -138,43 +138,43 @@ type ThinkingConfig struct {
 
 // OutputFormat 输出格式联合体
 type OutputFormat struct {
-	Type       string          `json:"type"`
-	Name       string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
-	Schema     json.RawMessage `json:"schema,omitempty"`
-	Strict     *bool           `json:"strict,omitempty"`
+	Type   string          `json:"type"`
+	Name   string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Schema json.RawMessage `json:"schema,omitempty"`
+	Strict *bool           `json:"strict,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CanonicalRequest 规范请求
 type CanonicalRequest struct {
-	Model           string            `json:"model"`
-	System          any               `json:"system,omitempty"` // nil, string, or []SystemBlock
+	Model           string             `json:"model"`
+	System          any                `json:"system,omitempty"` // nil, string, or []SystemBlock
 	Messages        []CanonicalMessage `json:"messages"`
-	Tools           []CanonicalTool   `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	ToolChoice      *ToolChoice       `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
-	Parameters      RequestParameters `json:"parameters"`
-	Thinking        *ThinkingConfig   `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
-	Stream          bool              `json:"stream"`
-	UserID          string            `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
-	OutputFormat    *OutputFormat     `json:"output_format,omitempty"`
-	ParallelToolUse *bool             `json:"parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
+	Tools           []CanonicalTool    `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice      *ToolChoice        `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	Parameters      RequestParameters  `json:"parameters"`
+	Thinking        *ThinkingConfig    `json:"thinking,omitempty"`
+	Stream          bool               `json:"stream"`
+	UserID          string             `json:"user_id,omitempty"`
+	OutputFormat    *OutputFormat      `json:"output_format,omitempty"`
+	ParallelToolUse *bool              `json:"parallel_tool_use,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CanonicalUsage 规范用量
 type CanonicalUsage struct {
-	InputTokens        int  `json:"input_tokens"`
-	OutputTokens       int  `json:"output_tokens"`
-	CacheReadTokens    *int `json:"cache_read_tokens,omitempty"`
+	InputTokens         int  `json:"input_tokens"`
+	OutputTokens        int  `json:"output_tokens"`
+	CacheReadTokens     *int `json:"cache_read_tokens,omitempty"`
 	CacheCreationTokens *int `json:"cache_creation_tokens,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningTokens    *int `json:"reasoning_tokens,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningTokens     *int `json:"reasoning_tokens,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // CanonicalResponse 规范响应
 type CanonicalResponse struct {
-	ID         string          `json:"id"`
-	Model      string          `json:"model"`
-	Content    []ContentBlock  `json:"content"`
-	StopReason *StopReason     `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
-	Usage      CanonicalUsage  `json:"usage"`
+	ID         string         `json:"id"`
+	Model      string         `json:"model"`
+	Content    []ContentBlock `json:"content"`
+	StopReason *StopReason    `json:"stop_reason,omitempty"`
+	Usage      CanonicalUsage `json:"usage"`
 }
 
 // GetSystemString 获取系统消息字符串

backend/internal/conversion/canonical/types_test.go

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import (
 
 func TestGetSystemString(t *testing.T) {
 	tests := []struct {
-		name    string
-		system  any
-		want    string
+		name   string
+		system any
+		want   string
 	}{
 		{"string", "hello", "hello"},
 		{"nil", nil, ""},
@@ -97,11 +97,11 @@ func TestCanonicalRequest_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 func TestCanonicalResponse_RoundTrip(t *testing.T) {
 	sr := StopReasonEndTurn
 	resp := &CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "resp-1",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []ContentBlock{NewTextBlock("hello")},
+		ID:         "resp-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []ContentBlock{NewTextBlock("hello")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
-		Usage:   CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
+		Usage:      CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
 	}
 
 	data, err := json.Marshal(resp)

backend/internal/conversion/engine.go

@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ package conversion
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
+	pkglogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
 // HTTPRequestSpec HTTP 请求规格
@@ -33,13 +37,10 @@ type ConversionEngine struct {
 
 // NewConversionEngine 创建转换引擎
 func NewConversionEngine(registry AdapterRegistry, logger *zap.Logger) *ConversionEngine {
-	if logger == nil {
-		logger = zap.L()
-	}
 	return &ConversionEngine{
 		registry:        registry,
 		middlewareChain: NewMiddlewareChain(),
-		logger:          logger,
+		logger:          pkglogger.WithModule(logger, "conversion.engine"),
 	}
 }
 
@@ -72,7 +73,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol string
 
 // ConvertHttpRequest 转换 HTTP 请求
 func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpRequest(spec HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtocol, providerProtocol string, provider *TargetProvider) (*HTTPRequestSpec, error) {
-	nativePath := spec.URL
+	nativePath, rawQuery := splitRequestPath(spec.URL)
 
 	if e.IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol) {
 		providerAdapter, err := e.registry.Get(providerProtocol)
@@ -90,15 +91,18 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpRequest(spec HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtoc
 				rewrittenBody, err = providerAdapter.RewriteRequestModelName(spec.Body, provider.ModelName, interfaceType)
 				if err != nil {
 					e.logger.Warn("Smart Passthrough 改写请求失败，使用原始请求体",
-						zap.String("error", err.Error()),
+						zap.Error(err),
 						zap.String("interface", string(interfaceType)))
 					rewrittenBody = spec.Body
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		providerURL := providerAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+		providerURL = appendRawQuery(providerURL, rawQuery)
+
 		return &HTTPRequestSpec{
-			URL:     provider.BaseURL + nativePath,
+			URL:     joinBaseURL(provider.BaseURL, providerURL),
 			Method:  spec.Method,
 			Headers: providerAdapter.BuildHeaders(provider),
 			Body:    rewrittenBody,
@@ -115,7 +119,8 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpRequest(spec HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtoc
 	}
 
 	interfaceType := clientAdapter.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath)
-	providerUrl := providerAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+	providerURL := providerAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+	providerURL = appendRawQuery(providerURL, rawQuery)
 	providerHeaders := providerAdapter.BuildHeaders(provider)
 	providerBody, err := e.convertBody(interfaceType, clientAdapter, providerAdapter, provider, spec.Body)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -123,7 +128,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpRequest(spec HTTPRequestSpec, clientProtoc
 	}
 
 	return &HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL:     provider.BaseURL + providerUrl,
+		URL:     joinBaseURL(provider.BaseURL, providerURL),
 		Method:  spec.Method,
 		Headers: providerHeaders,
 		Body:    providerBody,
@@ -135,24 +140,21 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) ConvertHttpResponse(spec HTTPResponseSpec, clientProt
 	if e.IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol) {
 		// Smart Passthrough: 同协议时最小化改写 model 字段
 		if modelOverride != "" && len(spec.Body) > 0 {
-			adapter, err := e.registry.Get(clientProtocol)
-			if err != nil {
-				return &spec, nil
+			adapter, getErr := e.registry.Get(clientProtocol)
+			if getErr == nil {
+				rewrittenBody, rewriteErr := adapter.RewriteResponseModelName(spec.Body, modelOverride, interfaceType)
+				if rewriteErr != nil {
+					e.logger.Warn("Smart Passthrough 改写响应失败，使用原始响应体",
+						zap.Error(rewriteErr),
+						zap.String("interface", string(interfaceType)))
+				} else {
+					return &HTTPResponseSpec{
+						StatusCode: spec.StatusCode,
+						Headers:    spec.Headers,
+						Body:       rewrittenBody,
+					}, nil
+				}
 			}
-
-			rewrittenBody, err := adapter.RewriteResponseModelName(spec.Body, modelOverride, interfaceType)
-			if err != nil {
-				e.logger.Warn("Smart Passthrough 改写响应失败，使用原始响应体",
-					zap.String("error", err.Error()),
-					zap.String("interface", string(interfaceType)))
-				return &spec, nil
-			}
-
-			return &HTTPResponseSpec{
-				StatusCode: spec.StatusCode,
-				Headers:    spec.Headers,
-				Body:       rewrittenBody,
-			}, nil
 		}
 		return &spec, nil
 	}
@@ -183,11 +185,10 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtoco
 	if e.IsPassthrough(clientProtocol, providerProtocol) {
 		// Smart Passthrough: 同协议流式场景需要逐 chunk 改写 model 字段
 		if modelOverride != "" {
-			adapter, err := e.registry.Get(clientProtocol)
-			if err != nil {
-				return NewPassthroughStreamConverter(), nil
+			adapter, getErr := e.registry.Get(clientProtocol)
+			if getErr == nil {
+				return NewSmartPassthroughStreamConverter(adapter, modelOverride, interfaceType), nil
 			}
-			return NewSmartPassthroughStreamConverter(adapter, modelOverride, interfaceType), nil
 		}
 		return NewPassthroughStreamConverter(), nil
 	}
@@ -202,9 +203,9 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) CreateStreamConverter(clientProtocol, providerProtoco
 	}
 
 	ctx := ConversionContext{
-		ConversionID:   uuid.New().String(),
-		InterfaceType:  InterfaceTypeChat,
-		Timestamp:      time.Now(),
+		ConversionID:  uuid.New().String(),
+		InterfaceType: interfaceType,
+		Timestamp:     time.Now(),
 	}
 
 	return NewCanonicalStreamConverterWithMiddleware(
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertResponseBody(interfaceType InterfaceType, clie
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, provider *TargetProvider, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	canonicalReq, err := clientAdapter.DecodeRequest(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, "解码请求失败").WithCause(err)
+		return nil, NewRequestJSONParseError("解码请求失败", err)
 	}
 
 	ctx := NewConversionContext(InterfaceTypeChat)
@@ -281,6 +282,9 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter Protoc
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
+	if containsUnsupportedMultimodal(canonicalReq) {
+		return nil, NewConversionError(ErrorCodeUnsupportedMultimodal, "跨协议暂不支持多模态内容")
+	}
 
 	encoded, err := providerAdapter.EncodeRequest(canonicalReq, provider)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -292,7 +296,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter Protoc
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte, modelOverride string) ([]byte, error) {
 	canonicalResp, err := providerAdapter.DecodeResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, "解码响应失败").WithCause(err)
+		return nil, NewResponseJSONParseError("解码响应失败", err)
 	}
 	if modelOverride != "" {
 		canonicalResp.Model = modelOverride
@@ -307,12 +311,12 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertChatResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapte
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelsResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	models, err := providerAdapter.DecodeModelsResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	encoded, err := clientAdapter.EncodeModelsResponse(models)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("编码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("编码 Models 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return encoded, nil
@@ -321,12 +325,12 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelsResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdap
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelInfoResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	info, err := providerAdapter.DecodeModelInfoResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	encoded, err := clientAdapter.EncodeModelInfoResponse(info)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("编码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("编码 ModelInfo 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return encoded, nil
@@ -335,7 +339,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertModelInfoResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerA
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertEmbeddingBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, provider *TargetProvider, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	req, err := clientAdapter.DecodeEmbeddingRequest(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return providerAdapter.EncodeEmbeddingRequest(req, provider)
@@ -344,7 +348,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertEmbeddingBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter P
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertEmbeddingResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte, modelOverride string) ([]byte, error) {
 	resp, err := providerAdapter.DecodeEmbeddingResponse(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Embedding 响应失败，返回原始响应", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	if modelOverride != "" {
@@ -356,21 +360,22 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) convertEmbeddingResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerA
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertRerankBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, provider *TargetProvider, body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	req, err := clientAdapter.DecodeRerankRequest(body)
 	if err != nil {
-		e.logger.Warn("解码 Rerank 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.String("error", err.Error()))
+		e.logger.Warn("解码 Rerank 请求失败，返回原始请求", zap.Error(err))
 		return body, nil
 	}
 	return providerAdapter.EncodeRerankRequest(req, provider)
 }
 
 func (e *ConversionEngine) convertRerankResponseBody(clientAdapter, providerAdapter ProtocolAdapter, body []byte, modelOverride string) ([]byte, error) {
-	resp, err := providerAdapter.DecodeRerankResponse(body)
-	if err != nil {
-		return body, nil
+	resp, decodeErr := providerAdapter.DecodeRerankResponse(body)
+	if decodeErr == nil {
+		if modelOverride != "" {
+			resp.Model = modelOverride
+		}
+		return clientAdapter.EncodeRerankResponse(resp)
 	}
-	if modelOverride != "" {
-		resp.Model = modelOverride
-	}
-	return clientAdapter.EncodeRerankResponse(resp)
+
+	return body, nil
 }
 
 // DetectInterfaceType 检测接口类型
@@ -379,6 +384,7 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) DetectInterfaceType(nativePath, clientProtocol string
 	if err != nil {
 		return InterfaceTypePassthrough, err
 	}
+	nativePath, _ = splitRequestPath(nativePath)
 	return adapter.DetectInterfaceType(nativePath), nil
 }
 
@@ -392,9 +398,56 @@ func (e *ConversionEngine) EncodeError(err *ConversionError, clientProtocol stri
 				"type":    "internal_error",
 			},
 		}
-		body, _ := json.Marshal(fallback)
-		return body, 500, nil
+		body, marshalErr := json.Marshal(fallback)
+		if marshalErr == nil {
+			return body, 500, nil
+		}
+
+		return []byte(`{"error":{"message":"internal error","type":"internal_error"}}`), 500, nil
 	}
 	body, statusCode := adapter.EncodeError(err)
 	return body, statusCode, nil
 }
+
+func splitRequestPath(rawPath string) (string, string) {
+	path, query, found := strings.Cut(rawPath, "?")
+	if !found {
+		return rawPath, ""
+	}
+	return path, query
+}
+
+func appendRawQuery(path, rawQuery string) string {
+	if rawQuery == "" {
+		return path
+	}
+	if strings.Contains(path, "?") {
+		return path + "&" + rawQuery
+	}
+	return path + "?" + rawQuery
+}
+
+func joinBaseURL(baseURL, path string) string {
+	if baseURL == "" {
+		return path
+	}
+	if path == "" {
+		return baseURL
+	}
+	return strings.TrimRight(baseURL, "/") + "/" + strings.TrimLeft(path, "/")
+}
+
+func containsUnsupportedMultimodal(req *canonical.CanonicalRequest) bool {
+	if req == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	for _, msg := range req.Messages {
+		for _, block := range msg.Content {
+			switch block.Type {
+			case "image", "audio", "video", "file":
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}

backend/internal/conversion/engine_adapter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+package conversion_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/anthropic"
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/openai"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+)
+
+func TestConvertHttpRequest_SameProtocolUsesAdapterBuildURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name             string
+		adapter          conversion.ProtocolAdapter
+		clientProtocol   string
+		providerProtocol string
+		baseURL          string
+		nativePath       string
+		expectedURL      string
+		body             []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name:             "openai base url includes version path",
+			adapter:          openai.NewAdapter(),
+			clientProtocol:   "openai",
+			providerProtocol: "openai",
+			baseURL:          "http://example.com/v1",
+			nativePath:       "/chat/completions",
+			expectedURL:      "http://example.com/v1/chat/completions",
+			body:             []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","messages":[]}`),
+		},
+		{
+			name:             "anthropic native path keeps v1",
+			adapter:          anthropic.NewAdapter(),
+			clientProtocol:   "anthropic",
+			providerProtocol: "anthropic",
+			baseURL:          "http://example.com",
+			nativePath:       "/v1/messages",
+			expectedURL:      "http://example.com/v1/messages",
+			body:             []byte(`{"model":"claude","messages":[]}`),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			registry := conversion.NewMemoryRegistry()
+			engine := conversion.NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+			require.NoError(t, registry.Register(tt.adapter))
+
+			out, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(conversion.HTTPRequestSpec{
+				URL:    tt.nativePath,
+				Method: "POST",
+				Body:   tt.body,
+			}, tt.clientProtocol, tt.providerProtocol, conversion.NewTargetProvider(tt.baseURL, "key", "upstream-model"))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expectedURL, out.URL)
+		})
+	}
+}

backend/internal/conversion/engine_supplemental_test.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 func TestConversionError_WithProviderProtocol(t *testing.T) {
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ func TestConversionError_FullBuilder(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestEngine_Use(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	called := false
 	engine.Use(&testMiddleware{fn: func(req *canonical.CanonicalRequest, cp, pp string, ctx *ConversionContext) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
 		called = true
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ func TestEngine_Use(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.decodeReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("decode failed")
@@ -82,7 +83,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_EncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("client", false))
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
 	providerAdapter.encodeReqFn = func(req *canonical.CanonicalRequest, p *TargetProvider) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_EncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.encodeRespFn = func(resp *canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -121,7 +122,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
 	providerAdapter.decodeRespFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalResponse, error) {
 		return nil, errors.New("decode error")
@@ -135,7 +136,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeEmbeddings
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeRerank
@@ -178,7 +179,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeEmbeddings: true}
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_EmbeddingInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeRerank: true}
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_RerankInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_ModelsInterface_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeModels
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
@@ -232,7 +233,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_ModelsInterface_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeModels: true}
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
@@ -249,7 +250,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelInfoInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.supportsIface = map[InterfaceType]bool{InterfaceTypeModelInfo: true}
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ var _ = json.Marshal
 
 func TestConvertEmbeddingBody_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.decodeEmbeddingReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingRequest, error) {
@@ -344,7 +345,7 @@ func TestConvertEmbeddingBody_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertRerankBody_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.decodeRerankReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRerankRequest, error) {
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ func TestConvertRerankBody_DecodeError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertBody_UnknownInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)

backend/internal/conversion/engine_test.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package conversion
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
@@ -38,8 +39,8 @@ func newMockAdapter(name string, passthrough bool) *mockProtocolAdapter {
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolName() string  { return m.protocolName }
-func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolVersion() string { return "1.0" }
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolName() string      { return m.protocolName }
+func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) ProtocolVersion() string   { return "1.0" }
 func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) SupportsPassthrough() bool { return m.passthrough }
 
 func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) DetectInterfaceType(nativePath string) InterfaceType {
@@ -190,20 +191,22 @@ func (m *mockProtocolAdapter) RewriteResponseModelName(body []byte, newModel str
 // noopStreamDecoder 空流式解码器
 type noopStreamDecoder struct{}
 
-func (d *noopStreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent { return nil }
-func (d *noopStreamDecoder) Flush() []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent                       { return nil }
+func (d *noopStreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
+	return nil
+}
+func (d *noopStreamDecoder) Flush() []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent { return nil }
 
 // noopStreamEncoder 空流式编码器
 type noopStreamEncoder struct{}
 
 func (e *noopStreamEncoder) EncodeEvent(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent) [][]byte { return nil }
-func (e *noopStreamEncoder) Flush() [][]byte                                          { return nil }
+func (e *noopStreamEncoder) Flush() [][]byte                                           { return nil }
 
 // ============ 测试用例 ============
 
 func TestNewConversionEngine(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	assert.NotNil(t, engine)
 	assert.Equal(t, registry, engine.GetRegistry())
 }
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ func TestNewConversionEngine(t *testing.T) {
 func TestNewConversionEngine_LoggerInjection(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Run("nil_logger_uses_global", func(t *testing.T) {
 		registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-		engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+		engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 		assert.NotNil(t, engine.logger)
 	})
 
@@ -219,13 +222,14 @@ func TestNewConversionEngine_LoggerInjection(t *testing.T) {
 		registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
 		customLogger := zap.NewNop()
 		engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, customLogger)
-		assert.Equal(t, customLogger, engine.logger)
+		assert.NotNil(t, engine.logger)
+		assert.Contains(t, engine.logger.Name(), "conversion.engine")
 	})
 }
 
 func TestRegisterAdapter(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	adapter := newMockAdapter("test-proto", true)
 	err := engine.RegisterAdapter(adapter)
@@ -237,7 +241,7 @@ func TestRegisterAdapter(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIsPassthrough_SameProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	adapter := newMockAdapter("openai", true)
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(adapter)
 
@@ -246,7 +250,7 @@ func TestIsPassthrough_SameProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIsPassthrough_DifferentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("anthropic", true))
 
@@ -255,7 +259,7 @@ func TestIsPassthrough_DifferentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestIsPassthrough_NoPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("custom", false))
 
 	assert.False(t, engine.IsPassthrough("custom", "custom"))
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@ func TestIsPassthrough_NoPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	adapter := newMockAdapter("test", true)
 	adapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(adapter)
@@ -275,7 +279,7 @@ func TestDetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestDetectInterfaceType_NonExistentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	_, err := engine.DetectInterfaceType("/v1/chat", "nonexistent")
 	assert.Error(t, err)
@@ -283,25 +287,39 @@ func TestDetectInterfaceType_NonExistentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
-	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+	openaiAdapter := &buildURLMockAdapter{
+		mockProtocolAdapter: newMockAdapter("openai", true),
+		buildURLFn: func(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+			if interfaceType == InterfaceTypeChat {
+				return "/chat/completions"
+			}
+			return nativePath
+		},
+	}
+	openaiAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
+	openaiAdapter.supportsIface[InterfaceTypeChat] = true
+	openaiAdapter.rewriteReqFn = func(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+		return []byte(`{"model":"` + newModel + `","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`), nil
+	}
+	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(openaiAdapter)
 
 	provider := NewTargetProvider("https://api.openai.com/v1", "sk-test", "gpt-4")
 	spec := HTTPRequestSpec{
-		URL:    "/chat/completions",
+		URL:    "/v1/chat/completions",
 		Method: "POST",
-		Body:   []byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		Body:   []byte(`{"model":"openai/gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
 	}
 
 	result, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(spec, "openai", "openai", provider)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions", result.URL)
-	assert.Equal(t, spec.Body, result.Body)
+	assert.JSONEq(t, `{"model":"gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`, string(result.Body))
 }
 
 func TestConvertHttpRequest_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client-proto", false)
 	clientAdapter.decodeReqFn = func(raw []byte) (*canonical.CanonicalRequest, error) {
@@ -331,9 +349,80 @@ func TestConvertHttpRequest_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NotNil(t, result.Body)
 }
 
+func TestConvertHttpRequest_UsesProviderAdapterBuildURL(t *testing.T) {
+	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
+	openaiAdapter := &buildURLMockAdapter{
+		mockProtocolAdapter: newMockAdapter("openai", true),
+		buildURLFn: func(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+			if interfaceType == InterfaceTypeChat {
+				return "/chat/completions"
+			}
+			return nativePath
+		},
+	}
+	openaiAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
+	openaiAdapter.supportsIface[InterfaceTypeChat] = true
+	openaiAdapter.rewriteReqFn = func(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
+		return []byte(`{"model":"` + newModel + `"}`), nil
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, registry.Register(openaiAdapter))
+
+	anthropicAdapter := &buildURLMockAdapter{
+		mockProtocolAdapter: newMockAdapter("anthropic", false),
+		buildURLFn: func(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+			if interfaceType == InterfaceTypeChat {
+				return "/v1/messages"
+			}
+			return nativePath
+		},
+	}
+	anthropicAdapter.ifaceType = InterfaceTypeChat
+	anthropicAdapter.supportsIface[InterfaceTypeChat] = true
+	require.NoError(t, registry.Register(anthropicAdapter))
+
+	t.Run("OpenAI to Anthropic", func(t *testing.T) {
+		provider := NewTargetProvider("https://api.anthropic.com", "key", "claude-3")
+		spec := HTTPRequestSpec{
+			URL:    "/v1/chat/completions",
+			Method: "POST",
+			Body:   []byte(`{"model":"p1/gpt-4","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}],"max_tokens":16}`),
+		}
+
+		result, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(spec, "openai", "anthropic", provider)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages", result.URL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Anthropic to OpenAI", func(t *testing.T) {
+		provider := NewTargetProvider("https://api.openai.com/v1", "key", "gpt-4")
+		spec := HTTPRequestSpec{
+			URL:    "/v1/messages",
+			Method: "POST",
+			Body:   []byte(`{"model":"p1/claude-3","max_tokens":16,"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hi"}]}`),
+		}
+
+		result, err := engine.ConvertHttpRequest(spec, "anthropic", "openai", provider)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions", result.URL)
+	})
+}
+
+type buildURLMockAdapter struct {
+	*mockProtocolAdapter
+	buildURLFn func(string, InterfaceType) string
+}
+
+func (m *buildURLMockAdapter) BuildUrl(nativePath string, interfaceType InterfaceType) string {
+	if m.buildURLFn != nil {
+		return m.buildURLFn(nativePath, interfaceType)
+	}
+	return m.mockProtocolAdapter.BuildUrl(nativePath, interfaceType)
+}
+
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 
 	spec := HTTPResponseSpec{
@@ -349,7 +438,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateStreamConverter_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 
 	converter, err := engine.CreateStreamConverter("openai", "openai", "", InterfaceTypeChat)
@@ -360,7 +449,7 @@ func TestCreateStreamConverter_Passthrough(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateStreamConverter_Canonical(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("client", false))
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("provider", false))
 
@@ -372,7 +461,7 @@ func TestCreateStreamConverter_Canonical(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestEncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 	_ = engine.RegisterAdapter(newMockAdapter("openai", true))
 
 	convErr := NewConversionError(ErrorCodeInvalidInput, "测试错误")
@@ -384,7 +473,7 @@ func TestEncodeError(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestEncodeError_NonExistentProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	convErr := NewConversionError(ErrorCodeInvalidInput, "测试错误")
 	body, statusCode, err := engine.EncodeError(convErr, "nonexistent")
@@ -417,7 +506,7 @@ func TestRegistry_GetNonExistent(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	clientAdapter := newMockAdapter("client", false)
 	clientAdapter.encodeRespFn = func(resp *canonical.CanonicalResponse) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -446,7 +535,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelOverride_SameProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	// 使用真实 OpenAI adapter 验证 Smart Passthrough 改写
 	openaiAdapter := newMockAdapter("openai", true)
@@ -476,7 +565,7 @@ func TestConvertHttpResponse_ModelOverride_SameProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_SmartPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	openaiAdapter := newMockAdapter("openai", true)
 	openaiAdapter.rewriteRespFn = func(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceType InterfaceType) ([]byte, error) {
@@ -495,18 +584,19 @@ func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_SmartPassthrough(t *testing.T) {
 	_, ok := converter.(*SmartPassthroughStreamConverter)
 	assert.True(t, ok)
 
-	// 验证 chunk 改写
-	chunks := converter.ProcessChunk([]byte(`{"model":"gpt-4","choices":[]}`))
+	// 验证 SSE frame 中的 data JSON 被改写
+	chunks := converter.ProcessChunk([]byte(`data: {"model":"gpt-4","choices":[]}` + "\n\n"))
 	require.Len(t, chunks, 1)
 
 	var resp map[string]interface{}
-	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(chunks[0], &resp))
+	payload := strings.TrimPrefix(strings.TrimSpace(string(chunks[0])), "data: ")
+	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(payload), &resp))
 	assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", resp["model"])
 }
 
 func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	// provider adapter 解码出含 model 的流式事件
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
@@ -560,7 +650,7 @@ func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol(t *testing.T) {
 
 func TestCreateStreamConverter_ModelOverride_CrossProtocol_Empty(t *testing.T) {
 	registry := NewMemoryRegistry()
-	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, nil)
+	engine := NewConversionEngine(registry, zap.NewNop())
 
 	providerAdapter := newMockAdapter("provider", false)
 	providerAdapter.streamDecoderFn = func() StreamDecoder {
@@ -614,6 +704,7 @@ func (d *engineTestStreamDecoder) ProcessChunk(raw []byte) []canonical.Canonical
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
 func (d *engineTestStreamDecoder) Flush() []canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent {
 	if d.flushFn != nil {
 		return d.flushFn()
@@ -633,6 +724,7 @@ func (e *engineTestStreamEncoder) EncodeEvent(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEve
 	}
 	return nil
 }
+
 func (e *engineTestStreamEncoder) Flush() [][]byte {
 	if e.flushFn != nil {
 		return e.flushFn()

backend/internal/conversion/errors.go

@@ -6,17 +6,24 @@ import "fmt"
 type ErrorCode string
 
 const (
-	ErrorCodeInvalidInput            ErrorCode = "INVALID_INPUT"
-	ErrorCodeMissingRequiredField    ErrorCode = "MISSING_REQUIRED_FIELD"
-	ErrorCodeIncompatibleFeature     ErrorCode = "INCOMPATIBLE_FEATURE"
-	ErrorCodeFieldMappingFailure     ErrorCode = "FIELD_MAPPING_FAILURE"
-	ErrorCodeToolCallParseError      ErrorCode = "TOOL_CALL_PARSE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeJSONParseError          ErrorCode = "JSON_PARSE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeStreamStateError        ErrorCode = "STREAM_STATE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeUTF8DecodeError         ErrorCode = "UTF8_DECODE_ERROR"
-	ErrorCodeProtocolConstraint      ErrorCode = "PROTOCOL_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION"
-	ErrorCodeEncodingFailure         ErrorCode = "ENCODING_FAILURE"
-	ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported   ErrorCode = "INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED"
+	ErrorCodeInvalidInput          ErrorCode = "INVALID_INPUT"
+	ErrorCodeMissingRequiredField  ErrorCode = "MISSING_REQUIRED_FIELD"
+	ErrorCodeIncompatibleFeature   ErrorCode = "INCOMPATIBLE_FEATURE"
+	ErrorCodeFieldMappingFailure   ErrorCode = "FIELD_MAPPING_FAILURE"
+	ErrorCodeToolCallParseError    ErrorCode = "TOOL_CALL_PARSE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeJSONParseError        ErrorCode = "JSON_PARSE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeStreamStateError      ErrorCode = "STREAM_STATE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeUTF8DecodeError       ErrorCode = "UTF8_DECODE_ERROR"
+	ErrorCodeProtocolConstraint    ErrorCode = "PROTOCOL_CONSTRAINT_VIOLATION"
+	ErrorCodeEncodingFailure       ErrorCode = "ENCODING_FAILURE"
+	ErrorCodeInterfaceNotSupported ErrorCode = "INTERFACE_NOT_SUPPORTED"
+	ErrorCodeUnsupportedMultimodal ErrorCode = "UNSUPPORTED_MULTIMODAL"
+)
+
+const (
+	ErrorDetailPhase   = "phase"
+	ErrorPhaseRequest  = "request"
+	ErrorPhaseResponse = "response"
 )
 
 // ConversionError 协议转换错误
@@ -39,6 +46,20 @@ func NewConversionError(code ErrorCode, message string) *ConversionError {
 	}
 }
 
+// NewRequestJSONParseError 创建请求 JSON 解析错误。
+func NewRequestJSONParseError(message string, cause error) *ConversionError {
+	return NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, message).
+		WithDetail(ErrorDetailPhase, ErrorPhaseRequest).
+		WithCause(cause)
+}
+
+// NewResponseJSONParseError 创建响应 JSON 解析错误。
+func NewResponseJSONParseError(message string, cause error) *ConversionError {
+	return NewConversionError(ErrorCodeJSONParseError, message).
+		WithDetail(ErrorDetailPhase, ErrorPhaseResponse).
+		WithCause(cause)
+}
+
 // WithClientProtocol 设置客户端协议
 func (e *ConversionError) WithClientProtocol(protocol string) *ConversionError {
 	e.ClientProtocol = protocol

backend/internal/conversion/interface.go

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@ package conversion
 type InterfaceType string
 
 const (
-	InterfaceTypeChat      InterfaceType = "CHAT"
-	InterfaceTypeModels    InterfaceType = "MODELS"
-	InterfaceTypeModelInfo InterfaceType = "MODEL_INFO"
-	InterfaceTypeEmbeddings InterfaceType = "EMBEDDINGS"
-	InterfaceTypeRerank    InterfaceType = "RERANK"
+	InterfaceTypeChat        InterfaceType = "CHAT"
+	InterfaceTypeModels      InterfaceType = "MODELS"
+	InterfaceTypeModelInfo   InterfaceType = "MODEL_INFO"
+	InterfaceTypeEmbeddings  InterfaceType = "EMBEDDINGS"
+	InterfaceTypeRerank      InterfaceType = "RERANK"
 	InterfaceTypePassthrough InterfaceType = "PASSTHROUGH"
 )

backend/internal/conversion/openai/adapter.go

@@ -29,27 +29,27 @@ func (a *Adapter) SupportsPassthrough() bool { return true }
 // DetectInterfaceType 根据路径检测接口类型
 func (a *Adapter) DetectInterfaceType(nativePath string) conversion.InterfaceType {
 	switch {
-	case nativePath == "/chat/completions":
+	case nativePath == "/v1/chat/completions":
 		return conversion.InterfaceTypeChat
-	case nativePath == "/models":
+	case nativePath == "/v1/models":
 		return conversion.InterfaceTypeModels
 	case isModelInfoPath(nativePath):
 		return conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo
-	case nativePath == "/embeddings":
+	case nativePath == "/v1/embeddings":
 		return conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings
-	case nativePath == "/rerank":
+	case nativePath == "/v1/rerank":
 		return conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank
 	default:
 		return conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough
 	}
 }
 
-// isModelInfoPath 判断是否为模型详情路径（/models/{id}，允许 id 含 /）
+// isModelInfoPath 判断是否为模型详情路径（/v1/models/{id}，允许 id 含 /）
 func isModelInfoPath(path string) bool {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/models/") {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(path, "/v1/models/") {
 		return false
 	}
-	suffix := path[len("/models/"):]
+	suffix := path[len("/v1/models/"):]
 	return suffix != ""
 }
 
@@ -60,6 +60,11 @@ func (a *Adapter) BuildUrl(nativePath string, interfaceType conversion.Interface
 		return "/chat/completions"
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeModels:
 		return "/models"
+	case conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo:
+		if modelID, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath); err == nil {
+			return "/models/" + modelID
+		}
+		return nativePath
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings:
 		return "/embeddings"
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank:
@@ -138,7 +143,10 @@ func (a *Adapter) EncodeError(err *conversion.ConversionError) ([]byte, int) {
 			Code:    string(err.Code),
 		},
 	}
-	body, _ := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	body, marshalErr := json.Marshal(errMsg)
+	if marshalErr != nil {
+		return []byte(`{"error":{"message":"internal error","type":"internal_error","code":"INTERNAL_ERROR"}}`), statusCode
+	}
 	return body, statusCode
 }
 
@@ -218,12 +226,12 @@ func (a *Adapter) EncodeRerankResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalRerankResponse)
 	return encodeRerankResponse(resp)
 }
 
-// ExtractUnifiedModelID 从路径中提取统一模型 ID（/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}）
+// ExtractUnifiedModelID 从路径中提取统一模型 ID（/v1/models/{provider_id}/{model_name}）
 func (a *Adapter) ExtractUnifiedModelID(nativePath string) (string, error) {
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(nativePath, "/models/") {
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(nativePath, "/v1/models/") {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("不是模型详情路径: %s", nativePath)
 	}
-	suffix := nativePath[len("/models/"):]
+	suffix := nativePath[len("/v1/models/"):]
 	if suffix == "" {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("路径缺少模型 ID")
 	}
@@ -248,7 +256,11 @@ func locateModelFieldInRequest(body []byte, ifaceType conversion.InterfaceType)
 			return "", nil, err
 		}
 		rewriteFunc := func(newModel string) ([]byte, error) {
-			m["model"], _ = json.Marshal(newModel)
+			encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			m["model"] = encodedModel
 			return json.Marshal(m)
 		}
 		return current, rewriteFunc, nil
@@ -282,12 +294,20 @@ func (a *Adapter) RewriteResponseModelName(body []byte, newModel string, ifaceTy
 	switch ifaceType {
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings:
 		// Chat/Embedding 响应必须有 model 字段（协议要求），存在则改写，不存在则添加
-		m["model"], _ = json.Marshal(newModel)
+		encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		m["model"] = encodedModel
 		return json.Marshal(m)
 	case conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank:
 		// Rerank 响应：存在 model 字段则改写，不存在则不添加
 		if _, exists := m["model"]; exists {
-			m["model"], _ = json.Marshal(newModel)
+			encodedModel, err := json.Marshal(newModel)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			m["model"] = encodedModel
 		}
 		return json.Marshal(m)
 	default:

backend/internal/conversion/openai/adapter_test.go

@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ func TestAdapter_DetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 		path     string
 		expected conversion.InterfaceType
 	}{
-		{"聊天补全", "/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat},
-		{"模型列表", "/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels},
-		{"模型详情", "/models/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo},
-		{"嵌入接口", "/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings},
-		{"重排序接口", "/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank},
+		{"聊天补全", "/v1/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat},
+		{"模型列表", "/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels},
+		{"模型详情", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo},
+		{"嵌入接口", "/v1/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings},
+		{"重排序接口", "/v1/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank},
 		{"未知路径", "/unknown", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
 	}
 
@@ -44,19 +44,42 @@ func TestAdapter_DetectInterfaceType(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAdapter_OldPathsBecomePassthrough(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		path     string
+		expected conversion.InterfaceType
+	}{
+		{"/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/models", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/models/gpt-4.1", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+		{"/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.path, func(t *testing.T) {
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, a.DetectInterfaceType(tt.path))
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestAdapter_BuildUrl(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
-		nativePath   string
+		name          string
+		nativePath    string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     string
+		expected      string
 	}{
-		{"聊天", "/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, "/chat/completions"},
-		{"模型", "/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, "/models"},
-		{"嵌入", "/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings, "/embeddings"},
-		{"重排序", "/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank, "/rerank"},
+		{"聊天", "/v1/chat/completions", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, "/chat/completions"},
+		{"模型", "/v1/models", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, "/models"},
+		{"模型详情", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo, "/models/openai/gpt-4"},
+		{"复杂模型详情", "/v1/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4", conversion.InterfaceTypeModelInfo, "/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4"},
+		{"嵌入", "/v1/embeddings", conversion.InterfaceTypeEmbeddings, "/embeddings"},
+		{"重排序", "/v1/rerank", conversion.InterfaceTypeRerank, "/rerank"},
 		{"默认透传", "/other", conversion.InterfaceTypePassthrough, "/other"},
 	}
 
@@ -92,9 +115,9 @@ func TestAdapter_SupportsInterface(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	tests := []struct {
-		name         string
+		name          string
 		interfaceType conversion.InterfaceType
-		expected     bool
+		expected      bool
 	}{
 		{"聊天", conversion.InterfaceTypeChat, true},
 		{"模型", conversion.InterfaceTypeModels, true},
@@ -118,12 +141,12 @@ func TestIsModelInfoPath(t *testing.T) {
 		path     string
 		expected bool
 	}{
-		{"model_info", "/models/gpt-4", true},
-		{"model_info_with_dots", "/models/gpt-4.1-preview", true},
-		{"models_list", "/models", false},
-		{"nested_path", "/models/gpt-4/versions", true},
-		{"empty_suffix", "/models/", false},
-		{"unrelated", "/chat/completions", false},
+		{"model_info", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", true},
+		{"model_info_with_dots", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4.1-preview", true},
+		{"models_list", "/v1/models", false},
+		{"nested_path", "/v1/models/azure/accounts/org-123/models/gpt-4", true},
+		{"empty_suffix", "/v1/models/", false},
+		{"unrelated", "/v1/chat/completions", false},
 		{"partial_prefix", "/model", false},
 	}
 
@@ -134,6 +157,27 @@ func TestIsModelInfoPath(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestAdapter_ExtractUnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
+	a := NewAdapter()
+
+	t.Run("标准路径", func(t *testing.T) {
+		modelID, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/openai/gpt-4")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("复杂路径", func(t *testing.T) {
+		modelID, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4")
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4", modelID)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("非模型详情路径报错", func(t *testing.T) {
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models")
+		require.Error(t, err)
+	})
+}
+
 func TestAdapter_EncodeError_InvalidInput(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 	convErr := conversion.NewConversionError(conversion.ErrorCodeInvalidInput, "参数无效")

backend/internal/conversion/openai/adapter_unified_test.go

@@ -18,35 +18,35 @@ func TestExtractUnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
 	a := NewAdapter()
 
 	t.Run("standard_path", func(t *testing.T) {
-		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/models/openai/gpt-4")
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/openai/gpt-4")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "openai/gpt-4", id)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("multi_segment_path", func(t *testing.T) {
-		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4")
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "azure/accounts/org/models/gpt-4", id)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("single_segment", func(t *testing.T) {
-		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/models/gpt-4")
+		id, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/gpt-4")
 		require.NoError(t, err)
 		assert.Equal(t, "gpt-4", id)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("non_model_path", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/chat/completions")
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/chat/completions")
 		require.Error(t, err)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("empty_suffix", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/models/")
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models/")
 		require.Error(t, err)
 	})
 
 	t.Run("models_list_no_slash", func(t *testing.T) {
-		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/models")
+		_, err := a.ExtractUnifiedModelID("/v1/models")
 		require.Error(t, err)
 	})
 
@@ -344,12 +344,12 @@ func TestIsModelInfoPath_UnifiedModelID(t *testing.T) {
 		path     string
 		expected bool
 	}{
-		{"simple_model_id", "/models/gpt-4", true},
-		{"unified_model_id_with_slash", "/models/openai/gpt-4", true},
-		{"models_list", "/models", false},
-		{"models_list_trailing_slash", "/models/", false},
-		{"chat_completions", "/chat/completions", false},
-		{"deeply_nested", "/models/azure/eastus/deployments/my-dept/models/gpt-4", true},
+		{"simple_model_id", "/v1/models/gpt-4", true},
+		{"unified_model_id_with_slash", "/v1/models/openai/gpt-4", true},
+		{"models_list", "/v1/models", false},
+		{"models_list_trailing_slash", "/v1/models/", false},
+		{"chat_completions", "/v1/chat/completions", false},
+		{"deeply_nested", "/v1/models/azure/eastus/deployments/my-dept/models/gpt-4", true},
 	}
 
 	for _, tt := range tests {

backend/internal/conversion/openai/decoder.go

@@ -215,10 +215,16 @@ func decodeUserContent(content any) []canonical.ContentBlock {
 		var blocks []canonical.ContentBlock
 		for _, item := range v {
 			if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
-				t, _ := m["type"].(string)
+				t, ok := m["type"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					continue
+				}
 				switch t {
 				case "text":
-					text, _ := m["text"].(string)
+					text, ok := m["text"].(string)
+					if !ok {
+						text = ""
+					}
 					blocks = append(blocks, canonical.NewTextBlock(text))
 				case "image_url":
 					blocks = append(blocks, canonical.ContentBlock{Type: "image"})
@@ -242,9 +248,9 @@ func decodeUserContent(content any) []canonical.ContentBlock {
 
 // contentPart 内容部分
 type contentPart struct {
-	Type     string
-	Text     string
-	Refusal  string
+	Type    string
+	Text    string
+	Refusal string
 }
 
 // decodeContentParts 解码内容部分
@@ -256,13 +262,22 @@ func decodeContentParts(content any) []contentPart {
 	var result []contentPart
 	for _, item := range parts {
 		if m, ok := item.(map[string]any); ok {
-			t, _ := m["type"].(string)
+			t, ok := m["type"].(string)
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
 			switch t {
 			case "text":
-				text, _ := m["text"].(string)
+				text, ok := m["text"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					text = ""
+				}
 				result = append(result, contentPart{Type: "text", Text: text})
 			case "refusal":
-				refusal, _ := m["refusal"].(string)
+				refusal, ok := m["refusal"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					refusal = ""
+				}
 				result = append(result, contentPart{Type: "refusal", Refusal: refusal})
 			}
 		}
@@ -307,21 +322,33 @@ func decodeToolChoice(toolChoice any) *canonical.ToolChoice {
 			return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 		}
 	case map[string]any:
-		t, _ := v["type"].(string)
+		t, ok := v["type"].(string)
+		if !ok {
+			return nil
+		}
 		switch t {
 		case "function":
 			if fn, ok := v["function"].(map[string]any); ok {
-				name, _ := fn["name"].(string)
+				name, ok := fn["name"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					name = ""
+				}
 				return canonical.NewToolChoiceNamed(name)
 			}
 		case "custom":
 			if custom, ok := v["custom"].(map[string]any); ok {
-				name, _ := custom["name"].(string)
+				name, ok := custom["name"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					name = ""
+				}
 				return canonical.NewToolChoiceNamed(name)
 			}
 		case "allowed_tools":
 			if at, ok := v["allowed_tools"].(map[string]any); ok {
-				mode, _ := at["mode"].(string)
+				mode, ok := at["mode"].(string)
+				if !ok {
+					mode = ""
+				}
 				if mode == "required" {
 					return canonical.NewToolChoiceAny()
 				}
@@ -443,7 +470,7 @@ func decodeDeprecatedFields(req *ChatCompletionRequest) {
 		case map[string]any:
 			if name, ok := v["name"].(string); ok {
 				req.ToolChoice = map[string]any{
-					"type": "function",
+					"type":     "function",
 					"function": map[string]any{"name": name},
 				}
 			}

backend/internal/conversion/openai/encoder.go

@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ func encodeEmbeddingResponse(resp *canonical.CanonicalEmbeddingResponse) ([]byte
 		"object": "list",
 		"data":   data,
 		"model":  resp.Model,
-		"usage":   resp.Usage,
+		"usage":  resp.Usage,
 	})
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/openai/encoder_test.go

@@ -45,9 +45,11 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_SystemInjection(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, msgs, 2)
-	firstMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	firstMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "system", firstMsg["role"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "你是助手", firstMsg["content"])
 }
@@ -72,12 +74,15 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_ToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	msgs := result["messages"].([]any)
-	assistantMsg := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	msgs, ok := result["messages"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	assistantMsg, ok := msgs[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	toolCalls, ok := assistantMsg["tool_calls"].([]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, toolCalls, 1)
-	tc := toolCalls[0].(map[string]any)
+	tc, ok := toolCalls[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "call_1", tc["id"])
 }
 
@@ -100,11 +105,11 @@ func TestEncodeRequest_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 func TestEncodeResponse_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	sr := canonical.StopReasonEndTurn
 	resp := &canonical.CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "resp-1",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("你好")},
+		ID:         "resp-1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("你好")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
-		Usage:   canonical.CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
+		Usage:      canonical.CanonicalUsage{InputTokens: 10, OutputTokens: 5},
 	}
 
 	body, err := encodeResponse(resp)
@@ -115,9 +120,12 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_Basic(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, "resp-1", result["id"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "chat.completion", result["object"])
 
-	choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-	choice := choices[0].(map[string]any)
-	msg := choice["message"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, ok := result["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	choice, ok := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+	msg, ok := choice["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Equal(t, "你好", msg["content"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "stop", choice["finish_reason"])
 }
@@ -126,9 +134,9 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 	sr := canonical.StopReasonToolUse
 	input := json.RawMessage(`{"q":"test"}`)
 	resp := &canonical.CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "resp-2",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewToolUseBlock("call_1", "search", input)},
+		ID:         "resp-2",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewToolUseBlock("call_1", "search", input)},
 		StopReason: &sr,
 	}
 
@@ -137,8 +145,12 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_ToolUse(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-	msg := choices[0].(map[string]any)["message"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, okc := result["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okc)
+	msgMap, okm := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okm)
+	msg, okmsg := msgMap["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmsg)
 	tcs, ok := msg["tool_calls"].([]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
 	assert.Len(t, tcs, 1)
@@ -158,7 +170,8 @@ func TestEncodeModelsResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
 	assert.Equal(t, "list", result["object"])
-	data := result["data"].([]any)
+	data, okd := result["data"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okd)
 	assert.Len(t, data, 2)
 }
 
@@ -317,8 +330,12 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-	msg := choices[0].(map[string]any)["message"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, okch := result["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okch)
+	msgMap, okmm := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmm)
+	msg, okmsg := msgMap["message"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmsg)
 	assert.Equal(t, "回答", msg["content"])
 	assert.Equal(t, "思考过程", msg["reasoning_content"])
 }

backend/internal/conversion/openai/stream_decoder_test.go

@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_BasicText(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":      "chatcmpl-1",
-		"object":  "chat.completion.chunk",
-		"model":   "gpt-4",
+		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
+		"object": "chat.completion.chunk",
+		"model":  "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx := 0
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -98,8 +98,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_Thinking(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_FinishReason(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index":         0,
@@ -161,8 +161,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_DoneSignal(t *testing.T) {
 
 	// 先发送一个文本 chunk
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -190,8 +190,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_RefusalReuse(t *testing.T) {
 	// 连续两个 refusal delta chunk
 	for _, text := range []string{"拒绝", "原因"} {
 		chunk := map[string]any{
-			"id":     "chatcmpl-1",
-			"model":  "gpt-4",
+			"id":    "chatcmpl-1",
+			"model": "gpt-4",
 			"choices": []any{
 				map[string]any{
 					"index": 0,
@@ -250,8 +250,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx0 := 0
 	chunk1 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-mt",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-mt",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx1 := 1
 	chunk2 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-mt",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-mt",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleChunks_Text(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk1 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-multi",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-multi",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -332,8 +332,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_MultipleChunks_Text(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	chunk2 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-multi",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-multi",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -358,8 +358,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_UTF8Truncation(t *testing.T) {
 	d := NewStreamDecoder()
 
 	chunk := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-utf8",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-utf8",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -390,8 +390,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ToolCallSubsequentDelta(t *testing.T) {
 
 	idx := 0
 	chunk1 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-tc",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-tc",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,
@@ -412,8 +412,8 @@ func TestStreamDecoder_ToolCallSubsequentDelta(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}
 	chunk2 := map[string]any{
-		"id":     "chatcmpl-tc",
-		"model":  "gpt-4",
+		"id":    "chatcmpl-tc",
+		"model": "gpt-4",
 		"choices": []any{
 			map[string]any{
 				"index": 0,

backend/internal/conversion/openai/stream_encoder.go

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ import (
 
 // StreamEncoder OpenAI 流式编码器
 type StreamEncoder struct {
-	bufferedStart      *canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent
-	toolCallIndexMap   map[string]int
-	nextToolCallIndex  int
+	bufferedStart     *canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent
+	toolCallIndexMap  map[string]int
+	nextToolCallIndex int
 }
 
 // NewStreamEncoder 创建 OpenAI 流式编码器
@@ -195,8 +195,8 @@ func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeMessageDelta(event canonical.CanonicalStreamEvent)
 func (e *StreamEncoder) encodeDelta(delta map[string]any) [][]byte {
 	chunk := map[string]any{
 		"choices": []map[string]any{{
-			"index":         0,
-			"delta":         delta,
+			"index": 0,
+			"delta": delta,
 		}},
 	}
 	return e.marshalChunk(chunk)

backend/internal/conversion/openai/stream_encoder_test.go

@@ -27,8 +27,12 @@ func TestStreamEncoder_MessageStart(t *testing.T) {
 	data := strings.TrimPrefix(s, "data: ")
 	data = strings.TrimRight(data, "\n")
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal([]byte(data), &payload))
-	choices := payload["choices"].([]any)
-	delta := choices[0].(map[string]any)["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	choices, okch := payload["choices"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okch)
+	msgMap, okmm := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okmm)
+	delta, okd := msgMap["delta"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, okd)
 	assert.Equal(t, "assistant", delta["role"])
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/openai/supplemental_test.go

@@ -177,7 +177,8 @@ func TestEncodeRerankResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
 	assert.Equal(t, "rerank-1", result["model"])
-	results := result["results"].([]any)
+	results, okr := result["results"].([]any)
+	require.True(t, okr)
 	assert.Len(t, results, 1)
 }
 
@@ -356,9 +357,9 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndReasoning(t *testing.T) {
 	reasoning := 20
 	sr := canonical.StopReasonEndTurn
 	resp := &canonical.CanonicalResponse{
-		ID:      "r1",
-		Model:   "gpt-4",
-		Content: []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("ok")},
+		ID:         "r1",
+		Model:      "gpt-4",
+		Content:    []canonical.ContentBlock{canonical.NewTextBlock("ok")},
 		StopReason: &sr,
 		Usage: canonical.CanonicalUsage{
 			InputTokens:     100,
@@ -373,7 +374,8 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_UsageWithCacheAndReasoning(t *testing.T) {
 
 	var result map[string]any
 	require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-	usage := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	usage, oku := result["usage"].(map[string]any)
+	require.True(t, oku)
 	assert.Equal(t, float64(100), usage["prompt_tokens"])
 	ptd, ok := usage["prompt_tokens_details"].(map[string]any)
 	require.True(t, ok)
@@ -412,8 +414,10 @@ func TestEncodeResponse_StopReasons(t *testing.T) {
 
 			var result map[string]any
 			require.NoError(t, json.Unmarshal(body, &result))
-			choices := result["choices"].([]any)
-			choice := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+			choices, okch := result["choices"].([]any)
+			require.True(t, okch)
+			choice, okc := choices[0].(map[string]any)
+			require.True(t, okc)
 			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, choice["finish_reason"])
 		})
 	}

backend/internal/conversion/openai/types.go

@@ -4,42 +4,42 @@ import "encoding/json"
 
 // ChatCompletionRequest OpenAI Chat Completion 请求
 type ChatCompletionRequest struct {
-	Model            string            `json:"model"`
-	Messages         []Message         `json:"messages"`
-	Tools            []Tool            `json:"tools,omitempty"`
-	ToolChoice       any               `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
-	MaxTokens        *int              `json:"max_tokens,omitempty"`
-	MaxCompletionTokens *int           `json:"max_completion_tokens,omitempty"`
-	Temperature      *float64          `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
-	TopP             *float64          `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
-	FrequencyPenalty *float64          `json:"frequency_penalty,omitempty"`
-	PresencePenalty  *float64          `json:"presence_penalty,omitempty"`
-	Stop             any               `json:"stop,omitempty"`
-	Stream           bool              `json:"stream,omitempty"`
-	StreamOptions    *StreamOptions    `json:"stream_options,omitempty"`
-	User             string            `json:"user,omitempty"`
-	ResponseFormat   *ResponseFormat   `json:"response_format,omitempty"`
-	ParallelToolCalls *bool            `json:"parallel_tool_calls,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningEffort  string            `json:"reasoning_effort,omitempty"`
-	N                *int              `json:"n,omitempty"`
-	Seed             *int              `json:"seed,omitempty"`
-	Logprobs         *bool             `json:"logprobs,omitempty"`
-	TopLogprobs      *int              `json:"top_logprobs,omitempty"`
+	Model               string          `json:"model"`
+	Messages            []Message       `json:"messages"`
+	Tools               []Tool          `json:"tools,omitempty"`
+	ToolChoice          any             `json:"tool_choice,omitempty"`
+	MaxTokens           *int            `json:"max_tokens,omitempty"`
+	MaxCompletionTokens *int            `json:"max_completion_tokens,omitempty"`
+	Temperature         *float64        `json:"temperature,omitempty"`
+	TopP                *float64        `json:"top_p,omitempty"`
+	FrequencyPenalty    *float64        `json:"frequency_penalty,omitempty"`
+	PresencePenalty     *float64        `json:"presence_penalty,omitempty"`
+	Stop                any             `json:"stop,omitempty"`
+	Stream              bool            `json:"stream,omitempty"`
+	StreamOptions       *StreamOptions  `json:"stream_options,omitempty"`
+	User                string          `json:"user,omitempty"`
+	ResponseFormat      *ResponseFormat `json:"response_format,omitempty"`
+	ParallelToolCalls   *bool           `json:"parallel_tool_calls,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningEffort     string          `json:"reasoning_effort,omitempty"`
+	N                   *int            `json:"n,omitempty"`
+	Seed                *int            `json:"seed,omitempty"`
+	Logprobs            *bool           `json:"logprobs,omitempty"`
+	TopLogprobs         *int            `json:"top_logprobs,omitempty"`
 
 	// 已废弃字段
-	Functions     []FunctionDef `json:"functions,omitempty"`
-	FunctionCall  any           `json:"function_call,omitempty"`
+	Functions    []FunctionDef `json:"functions,omitempty"`
+	FunctionCall any           `json:"function_call,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // Message OpenAI 消息
 type Message struct {
-	Role             string          `json:"role"`
-	Content          any             `json:"content"`
-	Name             string          `json:"name,omitempty"`
-	ToolCalls        []ToolCall      `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
-	ToolCallID       string          `json:"tool_call_id,omitempty"`
-	Refusal          string          `json:"refusal,omitempty"`
-	ReasoningContent string          `json:"reasoning_content,omitempty"`
+	Role             string     `json:"role"`
+	Content          any        `json:"content"`
+	Name             string     `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	ToolCalls        []ToolCall `json:"tool_calls,omitempty"`
+	ToolCallID       string     `json:"tool_call_id,omitempty"`
+	Refusal          string     `json:"refusal,omitempty"`
+	ReasoningContent string     `json:"reasoning_content,omitempty"`
 
 	// 已废弃
 	FunctionCall *FunctionCallMsg `json:"function_call,omitempty"`
@@ -88,8 +88,8 @@ type FunctionDef struct {
 
 // ResponseFormat OpenAI 响应格式
 type ResponseFormat struct {
-	Type       string          `json:"type"`
-	JSONSchema *JSONSchemaDef  `json:"json_schema,omitempty"`
+	Type       string         `json:"type"`
+	JSONSchema *JSONSchemaDef `json:"json_schema,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // JSONSchemaDef JSON Schema 定义
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ type ChatCompletionResponse struct {
 
 // Choice OpenAI 选择项
 type Choice struct {
-	Index        int     `json:"index"`
+	Index        int      `json:"index"`
 	Message      *Message `json:"message,omitempty"`
 	Delta        *Message `json:"delta,omitempty"`
 	FinishReason *string  `json:"finish_reason"`
@@ -127,10 +127,10 @@ type Choice struct {
 
 // Usage OpenAI 用量
 type Usage struct {
-	PromptTokens            int                  `json:"prompt_tokens"`
-	CompletionTokens        int                  `json:"completion_tokens"`
-	TotalTokens             int                  `json:"total_tokens"`
-	PromptTokensDetails     *PromptTokensDetails `json:"prompt_tokens_details,omitempty"`
+	PromptTokens            int                      `json:"prompt_tokens"`
+	CompletionTokens        int                      `json:"completion_tokens"`
+	TotalTokens             int                      `json:"total_tokens"`
+	PromptTokensDetails     *PromptTokensDetails     `json:"prompt_tokens_details,omitempty"`
 	CompletionTokensDetails *CompletionTokensDetails `json:"completion_tokens_details,omitempty"`
 }
 

backend/internal/conversion/stream.go

@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 package conversion
 
-import "nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"strings"
+
+	"nex/backend/internal/conversion/canonical"
+)
 
 // StreamDecoder 流式解码器接口
 type StreamDecoder interface {
@@ -39,11 +44,12 @@ func (c *PassthroughStreamConverter) Flush() [][]byte {
 }
 
 // SmartPassthroughStreamConverter 同协议 Smart Passthrough 流式转换器
-// 逐 chunk 改写 model 字段
+// 按 SSE frame 改写 data JSON 中的 model 字段
 type SmartPassthroughStreamConverter struct {
 	adapter       ProtocolAdapter
 	modelOverride string
 	interfaceType InterfaceType
+	buffer        []byte
 }
 
 // NewSmartPassthroughStreamConverter 创建 Smart Passthrough 流式转换器
@@ -55,24 +61,45 @@ func NewSmartPassthroughStreamConverter(adapter ProtocolAdapter, modelOverride s
 	}
 }
 
-// ProcessChunk 改写 chunk 中的 model 字段
+// ProcessChunk 按 SSE frame 改写 data JSON 中的 model 字段
 func (c *SmartPassthroughStreamConverter) ProcessChunk(rawChunk []byte) [][]byte {
 	if len(rawChunk) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	rewrittenChunk, err := c.adapter.RewriteResponseModelName(rawChunk, c.modelOverride, c.interfaceType)
-	if err != nil {
-		// 改写失败，返回原始 chunk
-		return [][]byte{rawChunk}
-	}
+	c.buffer = append(c.buffer, rawChunk...)
+	frames, rest := splitSSEFrames(c.buffer)
+	c.buffer = rest
 
-	return [][]byte{rewrittenChunk}
+	result := make([][]byte, 0, len(frames))
+	for _, frame := range frames {
+		result = append(result, c.rewriteFrame(frame))
+	}
+	return result
 }
 
-// Flush 无缓冲数据
+func (c *SmartPassthroughStreamConverter) rewriteFrame(frame []byte) []byte {
+	payload, ok := sseFrameDataPayload(frame)
+	if !ok || strings.TrimSpace(payload) == "[DONE]" {
+		return frame
+	}
+
+	rewrittenPayload, err := c.adapter.RewriteResponseModelName([]byte(payload), c.modelOverride, c.interfaceType)
+	if err != nil {
+		return frame
+	}
+
+	return rebuildSSEFrameWithData(frame, string(rewrittenPayload))
+}
+
+// Flush 输出未形成完整 frame 的剩余数据
 func (c *SmartPassthroughStreamConverter) Flush() [][]byte {
-	return nil
+	if len(c.buffer) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	frame := append([]byte(nil), c.buffer...)
+	c.buffer = nil
+	return [][]byte{c.rewriteFrame(frame)}
 }
 
 // CanonicalStreamConverter 跨协议规范流式转换器
@@ -153,3 +180,86 @@ func (c *CanonicalStreamConverter) applyModelOverride(event *canonical.Canonical
 		event.Message.Model = c.modelOverride
 	}
 }
+
+func splitSSEFrames(data []byte) ([][]byte, []byte) {
+	var frames [][]byte
+	for len(data) > 0 {
+		idx, sepLen := findSSEFrameSeparator(data)
+		if idx < 0 {
+			break
+		}
+		end := idx + sepLen
+		frames = append(frames, append([]byte(nil), data[:end]...))
+		data = data[end:]
+	}
+	return frames, data
+}
+
+func findSSEFrameSeparator(data []byte) (int, int) {
+	lf := bytes.Index(data, []byte("\n\n"))
+	crlf := bytes.Index(data, []byte("\r\n\r\n"))
+	switch {
+	case lf < 0 && crlf < 0:
+		return -1, 0
+	case lf < 0:
+		return crlf, 4
+	case crlf < 0:
+		return lf, 2
+	case crlf <= lf:
+		return crlf, 4
+	default:
+		return lf, 2
+	}
+}
+
+func sseFrameDataPayload(frame []byte) (string, bool) {
+	text := strings.TrimRight(string(frame), "\r\n")
+	lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
+	var dataLines []string
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r")
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data:") {
+			value := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data:")
+			if strings.HasPrefix(value, " ") {
+				value = value[1:]
+			}
+			dataLines = append(dataLines, value)
+		}
+	}
+	if len(dataLines) == 0 {
+		return "", false
+	}
+	return strings.Join(dataLines, "\n"), true
+}
+
+func rebuildSSEFrameWithData(frame []byte, data string) []byte {
+	lineEnding, separator := sseLineEnding(frame)
+	text := strings.TrimRight(string(frame), "\r\n")
+	lines := strings.Split(text, "\n")
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(lines)+1)
+	dataWritten := false
+	for _, line := range lines {
+		line = strings.TrimRight(line, "\r")
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data:") {
+			if !dataWritten {
+				for _, dataLine := range strings.Split(data, "\n") {
+					out = append(out, "data: "+dataLine)
+				}
+				dataWritten = true
+			}
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, line)
+	}
+	if !dataWritten {
+		out = append(out, "data: "+data)
+	}
+	return []byte(strings.Join(out, lineEnding) + separator)
+}
+
+func sseLineEnding(frame []byte) (string, string) {
+	if bytes.Contains(frame, []byte("\r\n")) {
+		return "\r\n", "\r\n\r\n"
+	}
+	return "\n", "\n\n"
+}

backend/internal/database/database.go

@@ -1,33 +1,38 @@
 package database
 
 import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"fmt"
-	"log"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"runtime"
 
 	"github.com/pressly/goose/v3"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
 	"gorm.io/driver/mysql"
 	"gorm.io/driver/sqlite"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
-	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
 
 	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/migrations"
+	pkglogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
+var ErrMigration = errors.New("数据库迁移失败")
+
 func Init(cfg *config.DatabaseConfig, zapLogger *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, error) {
-	db, err := initDB(cfg)
+	moduleLogger := pkglogger.WithModule(zapLogger, "database")
+
+	db, err := initDB(cfg, moduleLogger)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("初始化数据库失败: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	if err := runMigrations(db, cfg.Driver); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("数据库迁移失败: %w", err)
+	if err := runMigrations(db, cfg.Driver, moduleLogger); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%w: %w", ErrMigration, err)
 	}
 
-	configurePool(db, cfg)
+	configurePool(db, cfg, moduleLogger)
 
 	return db, nil
 }
@@ -40,56 +45,71 @@ func Close(db *gorm.DB) {
 	sqlDB.Close()
 }
 
-func initDB(cfg *config.DatabaseConfig) (*gorm.DB, error) {
+func initDB(cfg *config.DatabaseConfig, zapLogger *zap.Logger) (*gorm.DB, error) {
+	gormLogger := pkglogger.NewGormLogger(zapLogger)
+
 	gormConfig := &gorm.Config{
-		Logger: logger.Default.LogMode(logger.Info),
+		Logger: gormLogger,
 	}
 
 	switch cfg.Driver {
 	case "mysql":
 		dsn := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%d)/%s?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local",
 			cfg.User, cfg.Password, cfg.Host, cfg.Port, cfg.DBName)
+		if zapLogger != nil {
+			zapLogger.Info("连接 MySQL 数据库",
+				zap.String("host", cfg.Host),
+				zap.Int("port", cfg.Port),
+				zap.String("database", cfg.DBName))
+		}
 		return gorm.Open(mysql.Open(dsn), gormConfig)
 	default:
 		dbDir := filepath.Dir(cfg.Path)
-		if err := os.MkdirAll(dbDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		if err := os.MkdirAll(dbDir, 0o755); err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("创建数据库目录失败: %w", err)
 		}
+		if zapLogger != nil {
+			zapLogger.Info("连接 SQLite 数据库", zap.String("path", cfg.Path))
+		}
 		return gorm.Open(sqlite.Open(cfg.Path), gormConfig)
 	}
 }
 
-func runMigrations(db *gorm.DB, driver string) error {
+func runMigrations(db *gorm.DB, driver string, zapLogger *zap.Logger) error {
 	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	migrationsDir := getMigrationsDir(driver)
-	if _, err := os.Stat(migrationsDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("迁移目录不存在: %s", migrationsDir)
-	}
-
-	gooseDialect := "sqlite3"
-	migrationsSubDir := "sqlite"
-	if driver == "mysql" {
-		gooseDialect = "mysql"
-		migrationsSubDir = "mysql"
-	}
-
-	goose.SetDialect(gooseDialect)
-	if err := goose.Up(sqlDB, migrationsDir); err != nil {
+	dialect, fsys, err := migrations.ForDriver(driver)
+	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 
-	log.Printf("使用 %s 方言执行迁移，目录: %s", gooseDialect, migrationsSubDir)
+	if zapLogger != nil {
+		zapLogger.Info("执行数据库迁移",
+			zap.String("dialect", string(dialect)),
+			zap.String("driver", driver))
+	}
+
+	provider, err := goose.NewProvider(dialect, sqlDB, fsys)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("创建迁移提供者失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, err := provider.Up(context.Background()); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("执行迁移失败: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }
 
-func configurePool(db *gorm.DB, cfg *config.DatabaseConfig) {
+func configurePool(db *gorm.DB, cfg *config.DatabaseConfig, zapLogger *zap.Logger) {
 	if cfg.Driver == "sqlite" {
 		if err := db.Exec("PRAGMA journal_mode=WAL").Error; err != nil {
-			log.Printf("警告: 启用 WAL 模式失败: %v", err)
+			if zapLogger != nil {
+				zapLogger.Warn("启用 WAL 模式失败", zap.Error(err))
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -101,23 +121,12 @@ func configurePool(db *gorm.DB, cfg *config.DatabaseConfig) {
 	sqlDB.SetMaxOpenConns(cfg.MaxOpenConns)
 	sqlDB.SetConnMaxLifetime(cfg.ConnMaxLifetime)
 
-	log.Printf("数据库连接池配置: MaxIdle=%d, MaxOpen=%d, MaxLifetime=%v",
-		cfg.MaxIdleConns, cfg.MaxOpenConns, cfg.ConnMaxLifetime)
-}
-
-func getMigrationsDir(driver string) string {
-	_, filename, _, ok := runtime.Caller(0)
-	if ok {
-		subDir := "sqlite"
-		if driver == "mysql" {
-			subDir = "mysql"
-		}
-		dir := filepath.Join(filepath.Dir(filename), "..", "..", "migrations", subDir)
-		if abs, err := filepath.Abs(dir); err == nil {
-			return abs
-		}
+	if zapLogger != nil {
+		zapLogger.Info("数据库连接池配置",
+			zap.Int("max_idle_conns", cfg.MaxIdleConns),
+			zap.Int("max_open_conns", cfg.MaxOpenConns),
+			zap.Duration("conn_max_lifetime", cfg.ConnMaxLifetime))
 	}
-	return "./migrations"
 }
 
 func BuildDSN(cfg *config.DatabaseConfig) string {

backend/internal/database/database_test.go

@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
 package database
 
 import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
+	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"nex/backend/migrations"
+
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-
-	"nex/backend/internal/config"
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
 )
 
 func TestInit_SQLite(t *testing.T) {
@@ -20,7 +24,8 @@ func TestInit_SQLite(t *testing.T) {
 		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
 	}
 
-	db, err := Init(cfg, nil)
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, db)
 	defer Close(db)
@@ -40,7 +45,8 @@ func TestClose(t *testing.T) {
 		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
 	}
 
-	db, err := Init(cfg, nil)
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
 	require.NotNil(t, db)
 
@@ -73,3 +79,87 @@ func TestBuildDSN_EmptyPassword(t *testing.T) {
 	dsn := BuildDSN(cfg)
 	assert.Equal(t, "root:@tcp(localhost:3306)/nex?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=true&loc=Local", dsn)
 }
+
+func TestInit_SQLite_AnyCWD(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+
+	origDir, err := os.Getwd()
+	if err == nil {
+		defer func() {
+			if chdirErr := os.Chdir(origDir); chdirErr != nil {
+				t.Logf("无法恢复工作目录: %v", chdirErr)
+			}
+		}()
+	}
+	if chdirErr := os.Chdir(dir); chdirErr != nil {
+		t.Skipf("无法切换到临时目录: %v", chdirErr)
+	}
+
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "sqlite",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, db)
+	defer Close(db)
+
+	sqlDB, err := db.DB()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotNil(t, sqlDB)
+}
+
+func TestForDriverDialect_SQLite(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, testMigrateWithDriver(t, "sqlite"))
+}
+
+func TestForDriverDialect_MySQL(t *testing.T) {
+	dialect, fsys, err := migrations.ForDriver("mysql")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "mysql", string(dialect))
+	entries, fsErr := fs.ReadDir(fsys, ".")
+	require.NoError(t, fsErr)
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, entries, "MySQL 迁移资源应至少包含一个文件")
+}
+
+func TestForDriverDialect_Invalid(t *testing.T) {
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          "postgres",
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	_, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	assert.Error(t, err, "非法 driver 应返回错误")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "不支持的数据库驱动")
+}
+
+func testMigrateWithDriver(t *testing.T, driver string) error {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	dir := t.TempDir()
+	cfg := &config.DatabaseConfig{
+		Driver:          driver,
+		Path:            filepath.Join(dir, "test.db"),
+		MaxIdleConns:    5,
+		MaxOpenConns:    10,
+		ConnMaxLifetime: 0,
+	}
+
+	zapLogger := zap.NewNop()
+	db, err := Init(cfg, zapLogger)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	Close(db)
+	return nil
+}

backend/internal/database/embedded_migration_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package database
+
+import (
+	"io/fs"
+	"testing"
+
+	"nex/backend/migrations"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_SQLiteResourcesPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(migrations.FS, "sqlite")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var sqlFiles []string
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if !entry.IsDir() {
+			sqlFiles = append(sqlFiles, entry.Name())
+		}
+	}
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sqlFiles, "SQLite 迁移资源应至少包含一个 .sql 文件")
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_MySQLResourcesPresent(t *testing.T) {
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(migrations.FS, "mysql")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	var sqlFiles []string
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if !entry.IsDir() {
+			sqlFiles = append(sqlFiles, entry.Name())
+		}
+	}
+	assert.NotEmpty(t, sqlFiles, "MySQL 迁移资源应至少包含一个 .sql 文件")
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_SQLiteSQLParsable(t *testing.T) {
+	subFS, err := fs.Sub(migrations.FS, "sqlite")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(subFS, ".")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(subFS, entry.Name())
+		require.NoError(t, err, "无法读取迁移文件: %s", entry.Name())
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, data, "迁移文件内容不应为空: %s", entry.Name())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestEmbeddedMigrations_MySQLSQLParsable(t *testing.T) {
+	subFS, err := fs.Sub(migrations.FS, "mysql")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	entries, err := fs.ReadDir(subFS, ".")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		data, err := fs.ReadFile(subFS, entry.Name())
+		require.NoError(t, err, "无法读取迁移文件: %s", entry.Name())
+		assert.NotEmpty(t, data, "迁移文件内容不应为空: %s", entry.Name())
+	}
+}

backend/internal/domain/provider.go

@@ -13,4 +13,3 @@ type Provider struct {
 	CreatedAt time.Time `json:"created_at"`
 	UpdatedAt time.Time `json:"updated_at"`
 }
-

backend/internal/handler/handler_supplemental_test.go

@@ -6,13 +6,13 @@ import (
 	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
 
+	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
-
-	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
-	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
 )
 
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_Success(t *testing.T) {
@@ -24,9 +24,9 @@ func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	h := NewProviderHandler(mockSvc)
 
 	body, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{
-		"id":      "p1",
-		"name":    "Test",
-		"api_key": "sk-test",
+		"id":       "p1",
+		"name":     "Test",
+		"api_key":  "sk-test",
 		"base_url": "https://api.test.com",
 	})
 	w := httptest.NewRecorder()

backend/internal/handler/handler_test.go

@@ -9,23 +9,22 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
+	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
+
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 	"go.uber.org/mock/gomock"
 	"gorm.io/gorm"
 
-	"nex/backend/internal/domain"
 	appErrors "nex/backend/pkg/errors"
-	"nex/backend/tests/mocks"
 )
 
 func init() {
 	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
 }
 
-
-
 func TestProviderHandler_CreateProvider_MissingFields(t *testing.T) {
 	ctrl := gomock.NewController(t)
 	defer ctrl.Finish()

backend/internal/handler/middleware/logging.go

@@ -5,9 +5,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
 	"go.uber.org/zap"
+
+	pkglogger "nex/backend/pkg/logger"
 )
 
-// Logging 日志中间件
 func Logging(logger *zap.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		start := time.Now()
@@ -15,12 +16,16 @@ func Logging(logger *zap.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 		query := c.Request.URL.RawQuery
 
 		requestID, _ := c.Get(RequestIDKey)
-		logger.Info("请求开始",
-			zap.String("method", c.Request.Method),
-			zap.String("path", path),
-			zap.String("query", query),
-			zap.String("client_ip", c.ClientIP()),
-			zap.Any("request_id", requestID),
+		var requestIDStr string
+		if id, ok := requestID.(string); ok {
+			requestIDStr = id
+		}
+		logger.Debug("请求开始",
+			pkglogger.Method(c.Request.Method),
+			pkglogger.Path(path),
+			pkglogger.Query(query),
+			pkglogger.ClientIP(c.ClientIP()),
+			pkglogger.RequestID(requestIDStr),
 		)
 
 		c.Next()
@@ -28,13 +33,13 @@ func Logging(logger *zap.Logger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 		latency := time.Since(start)
 		statusCode := c.Writer.Status()
 
-		logger.Info("请求结束",
-			zap.Int("status", statusCode),
-			zap.String("method", c.Request.Method),
-			zap.String("path", path),
-			zap.Duration("latency", latency),
-			zap.Int("body_size", c.Writer.Size()),
-			zap.Any("request_id", requestID),
+		logger.Debug("请求结束",
+			pkglogger.StatusCode(statusCode),
+			pkglogger.Method(c.Request.Method),
+			pkglogger.Path(path),
+			pkglogger.Latency(latency),
+			pkglogger.BodySize(c.Writer.Size()),
+			pkglogger.RequestID(requestIDStr),
 		)
 	}
 }